{"title":"Are There Really People With No Inner Voice? Commentary on Nedergaard and Lupyan (2024).","authors":"Andreas Lind","doi":"10.1177/09567976251335583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976251335583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The idea that some people completely lack inner speech is of both scientific and popular interest. In a recent study, Nedergaard and Lupyan compared self-reporting high and low inner-speech-prevalence groups and found that participants in the low-prevalence group performed worse on a verbal working memory test and responded more slowly and less accurately during rhyme judgments. These results represent an original contribution to the study of inner speech. However, the authors go on to draw the unfounded conclusion that their findings, together with previous empirical and anecdotal data, show that some people have no inner speech at all. They have coined the term <i>anendophasia</i> for this trait. This commentary examines Nedergaard and Lupyan's claim of demonstrated anendophasia; I conclude they present no compelling evidence that some individuals lack inner speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"9567976251335583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra J Geiger, Jana K Köhler, Zenith N C Delabrida, Karla A Garduño-Realivazquez, Christian A P Haugestad, Hirotaka Imada, Aishwarya Iyer, Carya Maharja, Daniel C Mann, Michalina Marczak, Olivia Melville, Sari R R Nijssen, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Radisti A Praptiwi, Gargi Ranade, Claudio D Rosa, Valeria Vitale, Małgorzata Winkowska, Lei Zhang, Mathew P White
{"title":"What We Think Others Think and Do About Climate Change: A Multicountry Test of Pluralistic Ignorance and Public-Consensus Messaging.","authors":"Sandra J Geiger, Jana K Köhler, Zenith N C Delabrida, Karla A Garduño-Realivazquez, Christian A P Haugestad, Hirotaka Imada, Aishwarya Iyer, Carya Maharja, Daniel C Mann, Michalina Marczak, Olivia Melville, Sari R R Nijssen, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Radisti A Praptiwi, Gargi Ranade, Claudio D Rosa, Valeria Vitale, Małgorzata Winkowska, Lei Zhang, Mathew P White","doi":"10.1177/09567976251335585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976251335585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most people believe in human-caused climate change, yet this public consensus can be collectively underestimated (<i>pluralistic ignorance</i>). Across two studies using primary data (<i>n</i> = 3,653 adult participants; 11 countries) and secondary data (<i>n</i>s = 60,230 and 22,496 adult participants; 55 countries), we tested (a) the generalizability of pluralistic ignorance about climate-change beliefs, (b) the effects of a public-consensus intervention on climate action, and (c) the possibility that cultural tightness-looseness might serve as a country-level predictor of pluralistic ignorance. In Study 1, people across 11 countries underestimated the prevalence of proclimate views by at least 7.5% in Indonesia (90% credible interval, or CrI = [5.0, 10.1]), and up to 20.8% in Brazil (90% CrI = [18.2, 23.4]. Providing information about the actual public consensus on climate change was largely ineffective, except for a slight increase in willingness to express one's proclimate opinion, δ = 0.05 (90% CrI = [-0.02, 0.11]). In Study 2, pluralistic ignorance about willingness to contribute financially to fight climate change was slightly more pronounced in looser than tighter cultures, highlighting the particular need for pluralistic-ignorance research in these countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"9567976251335585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic Consequences of Numerical Adaptation.","authors":"Michele Garagnani, Ferdinand M Vieider","doi":"10.1177/09567976251339195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976251339195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resource constraints in neural information processing imply that numerical discriminability optimally adapts to the frequency of numerical magnitudes in a decision maker's environment. Here, we tested the economic consequences of efficient numerical range adaptation in representative samples of the United Kingdom and Japan (<i>N</i> = 2,309) and in a replication in Austria and Hungary (<i>N</i> = 607). We exploited natural variation in currency units and combined it with an orthogonal variation in experimental currency units to detect the effect of habitual versus nonhabitual numerical ranges on the incidence of errors in decisions under risk. The results highlight the direct economic importance of numerical adaptation, thus calling into question standard assumptions that choice quantities are perceived without noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"9567976251339195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological SciencePub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1177/09567976251335578
Gabrielle N Pfund, Bryan D James, Emily C Willroth
{"title":"Bidirectional Relationships Between Well-Being and Cognitive Function.","authors":"Gabrielle N Pfund, Bryan D James, Emily C Willroth","doi":"10.1177/09567976251335578","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976251335578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examined bidirectional relationships between well-being and cognitive function using up to 10 annual assessments (<i>M =</i> 5.67, <i>SD =</i> 3.43) of different types of well-being and a comprehensive cognitive battery from a sample of older adults living in the Chicago metropolitan area (<i>N</i> = 1,702; mean age = 81.07 years, <i>SD</i> = 8.04; 75.1% White Americans, 23.9% Black Americans). Bivariate latent growth curve models indicated older adults who started out with better well-being also had better cognitive function, and sharper decreases in well-being were associated with sharper declines in cognitive function. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models indicated older adults with better well-being on average had better cognitive function on average. Further, well-being change at one time point predicted subsequent cognitive change and vice versa. These findings were stronger for eudaimonic well-being and sense of purpose than for life satisfaction. Findings highlight the role of well-being in the goal to combat cognitive decline, as well as the importance of supporting well-being in individuals experiencing cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"350-366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological SciencePub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1177/09567976251336246
Simine Vazire
{"title":"Why Should You Trust Research Published in <i>Psychological Science</i>?","authors":"Simine Vazire","doi":"10.1177/09567976251336246","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976251336246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"311-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological SciencePub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1177/09567976251335567
Emily C Willroth, Gerald Young, Brett Q Ford, Allison Troy, Dorota Swierzewicz, Iris B Mauss
{"title":"Preregistered Direct Replication and Extension of \"The Wisdom to Know the Difference: Strategy-Situation Fit in Emotion Regulation in Daily Life Is Associated With Well-Being\".","authors":"Emily C Willroth, Gerald Young, Brett Q Ford, Allison Troy, Dorota Swierzewicz, Iris B Mauss","doi":"10.1177/09567976251335567","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976251335567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Certain emotion-regulation strategies (e.g., reappraisal) are associated with better well-being and are therefore seen as adaptive (health-promoting) strategies. However, it is unlikely that any strategy is adaptive regardless of context. Indeed, reappraisal is associated with positive outcomes in the context of uncontrollable life stress but negative outcomes in the context of controllable life stress. It follows that individuals who have better \"strategy-situation fit\" (use reappraisal more during uncontrollable vs. controllable situations) should have better well-being beyond their habitual reappraisal use. A previous test of this hypothesis found that strategy-situation fit in daily life was associated with greater well-being (<i>N</i> = 74). We conducted a well-powered preregistered direct replication of this study in 285 U.S. adults. We failed to replicate the original findings and found no evidence for the strategy-situation fit hypothesis, including when accounting for key confounders and moderators. We discuss implications for theory and future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"367-383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological SciencePub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1177/09567976251331039
Ziyao Zhang, Jarrod A Lewis-Peacock
{"title":"Signal Intrusion Explains Divergent Effects of Visual Distraction on Working Memory.","authors":"Ziyao Zhang, Jarrod A Lewis-Peacock","doi":"10.1177/09567976251331039","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976251331039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perceptual distraction distorts visual working memories. Recent research has shown divergent effects of distraction on memory performance, including attractive biases, impairment of memory precision, and an increase in the guess rate, indicating multiple mechanisms of distraction interference. Here we propose a novel signal-intrusion model based on the TCC (target-confusability-competition) framework to reconcile those discrepant results. We hypothesized that sensory interference is driven by the integration of a target signal and an intrusive distractor signal. Model comparisons showed that this TCC-intrusion model had a superior fit to memory error distributions across three delayed-estimation tasks with distraction (<i>N</i> = 220 adults) compared with other candidate models. According to the model, distractor intrusions decreased along with target-distractor dissimilarity, in accordance with the sensory-recruitment hypothesis. Moreover, TCC-intrusion successfully replicated divergent effects of distraction on memory bias, precision, and guess rate using this one intrusion mechanism. Together, these results suggest that perceptual distractors affect working memories through a unified mechanism of signal intrusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"316-331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological SciencePub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1177/09567976251327217
Krishnan Nair, Marlon Mooijman, Maryam Kouchaki
{"title":"*The Ethnic and Political Divide in the Preference for Strong Leaders.","authors":"Krishnan Nair, Marlon Mooijman, Maryam Kouchaki","doi":"10.1177/09567976251327217","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976251327217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevailing view among scholars has been that the preference for strong leaders is an idiosyncratic feature of right-wing individuals. However, it is unclear whether this inference is accurate given that prior research has largely overlooked the role of ethnicity. We analyzed data from the United States and Western Europe (<i>N</i> = 34,443) and found that ethnic minorities (and right-wing individuals) preferred strong leaders to a greater extent than Whites (and left-wing individuals). Notably, ethnic minorities across diverse ethnic and political backgrounds were closer to right-wing Whites on strong-leader preference than to left-wing Whites. Our work also provides some evidence, using both measurement-of-mediation (Studies 1-4) and experimental mediation (preregistered Studies 5 and 6), that generalized trust helps explain group differences in strong-leader preference. In sum, our research illustrates the unique nature of left-wing Whites' leadership preferences, and highlights the importance of testing social science theories using diverse participant samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"384-403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological SciencePub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1177/09567976251331053
Kristine Y Cho, Clayton R Critcher
{"title":"Doubling-Back Aversion: A Reluctance to Make Progress by Undoing It.","authors":"Kristine Y Cho, Clayton R Critcher","doi":"10.1177/09567976251331053","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976251331053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four studies (<i>N</i> = 2,524 U.S.-based adults recruited from the University of California, Berkeley, or Amazon Mechanical Turk) provide support for doubling-back aversion, a reluctance to pursue more efficient means to a goal when they entail undoing progress already made. These effects emerged in diverse contexts, both as participants physically navigated a virtual-reality world and as they completed different performance tasks. Doubling back was decomposed into two components: the deletion of progress already made and the addition to the proportion of a task that was left to complete. Each contributed independently to doubling-back aversion. These effects were robustly explained by shifts in subjective construals of both one's past and future efforts that would result from doubling back, not by changes in perceptions of the relative length of different routes to an end state. Participants' aversion to feeling their past efforts were a waste encouraged them to pursue less efficient means. We end by discussing how doubling-back aversion is distinct from established phenomena (e.g., the sunk-cost fallacy).</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"332-349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary on Eskreis-Winkler and Fishbach (2019): A Tendency to Answer Consistently Can Generate Apparent Failures to Learn From Failure.","authors":"Stephen A Spiller","doi":"10.1177/09567976251333666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976251333666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research suggests that failure undermines learning: People learn less from failure (vs. success) because failure is ego-threatening and causes people to tune out. I argue that the core paradigm (the Script Task) provides a confounded test of that claim. When people do not learn from test feedback, they may give internally consistent answers on a subsequent test. The Script Task's scoring guidelines mark consistent answers as correct following success but incorrect following failure. As a result, differences in performance between conditions may result from equivalent learning combined with consistent responding when people do not learn. A descriptive mathematical model shows that lower performance alone is insufficient to conclude that people learn less. An experiment with U.S. Amazon Mechanical Turk workers demonstrates that a retroactive manipulation without feedback replicates the effect. Because the effect of failure on performance is confounded with consistency, the Script Task is not diagnostic regarding whether people learn less from failure unless consistency is ruled out.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"9567976251333666"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}