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Personal Misconduct Elicits Harsher Professional Consequences for Artists (vs. Scientists): A Moral-Decoupling Process. 艺术家（与科学家相比）的个人不当行为会导致更严重的职业后果：道德脱钩过程。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231214739
Joseph J Siev, Jacob D Teeny
{"title":"Personal Misconduct Elicits Harsher Professional Consequences for Artists (vs. Scientists): A Moral-Decoupling Process.","authors":"Joseph J Siev, Jacob D Teeny","doi":"10.1177/09567976231214739","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231214739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent years have brought increased accountability for personal misconduct, yet often, unequal consequences have resulted from similar offenses. Findings from a unique archival data set (<i>N</i> = 619; all university faculty) and three preregistered experiments (<i>N</i> = 2,594) show that the perceived artistic-versus-scientific nature of the offender's professional contributions influences the professional punishment received. In Study 1, analysis of four decades of university sexual-misconduct cases reveals that faculty in artistic (vs. scientific) fields have on average received more severe professional consequences. Study 2 demonstrates this experimentally, offering mediational evidence that greater difficulty morally decoupling art (vs. science) contributes to the phenomenon. Study 3 provides further evidence for this mechanism through experimental moderation. Finally, Study 4 shows that merely framing an individual's work as artistic versus scientific results in replication of these effects. Several potential alternative mechanisms to moral decoupling are tested but not supported. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attention to Authenticity: An Essential Analogue to Focus on Rigor and Replicability. 关注真实性：关注真实性：关注严谨性和可复制性的重要类比。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231220895
Patricia J Bauer
{"title":"Attention to Authenticity: An Essential Analogue to Focus on Rigor and Replicability.","authors":"Patricia J Bauer","doi":"10.1177/09567976231220895","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231220895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138806513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving Memory Search Through Model-Based Cue Selection. 通过基于模型的线索选择改进记忆搜索
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231215298
Charlotte A Cornell, Kenneth A Norman, Thomas L Griffiths, Qiong Zhang
{"title":"Improving Memory Search Through Model-Based Cue Selection.","authors":"Charlotte A Cornell, Kenneth A Norman, Thomas L Griffiths, Qiong Zhang","doi":"10.1177/09567976231215298","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231215298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We often use cues from our environment when we get stuck searching our memories, but prior research has failed to show benefits of cuing with other, randomly selected list items during memory search. What accounts for this discrepancy? We proposed that cues' content critically determines their effectiveness and sought to select the right cues by building a computational model of how cues affect memory search. Participants (<i>N</i> = 195 young adults from the United States) recalled significantly more items when receiving our model's best (vs. worst) cue. Our model provides an account of why some cues better aid recall: Effective cues activate contexts most similar to the remaining items' contexts, facilitating recall in an unsearched area of memory. We discuss our contributions in relation to prominent theories about the effect of external cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"55-71"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Generating New Musical Preferences From Multilevel Mapping of Predictions to Reward. 从预测到奖励的多层次映射生成新的音乐偏好。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231214185
Nicholas Kathios, Matthew E Sachs, Euan Zhang, Yongtian Ou, Psyche Loui
{"title":"Generating New Musical Preferences From Multilevel Mapping of Predictions to Reward.","authors":"Nicholas Kathios, Matthew E Sachs, Euan Zhang, Yongtian Ou, Psyche Loui","doi":"10.1177/09567976231214185","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231214185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Much of what we know and love about music hinges on our ability to make successful predictions, which appears to be an intrinsically rewarding process. Yet the exact process by which learned predictions become pleasurable is unclear. Here we created novel melodies in an alternative scale different from any established musical culture to show how musical preference is generated de novo. Across nine studies (<i>n</i> = 1,185), adult participants learned to like more frequently presented items that adhered to this rapidly learned structure, suggesting that exposure and prediction errors both affected self-report liking ratings. Learning trajectories varied by music-reward sensitivity but were similar for U.S. and Chinese participants. Furthermore, functional MRI activity in auditory areas reflected prediction errors, whereas functional connectivity between auditory and medial prefrontal regions reflected both exposure and prediction errors. Collectively, results support predictive coding as a cognitive mechanism by which new musical sounds become rewarding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"34-54"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experienced Love: An Empirical Account. 经历过的爱：经验之谈
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231211267
Saurabh Bhargava
{"title":"Experienced Love: An Empirical Account.","authors":"Saurabh Bhargava","doi":"10.1177/09567976231211267","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231211267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents new evidence on the prevalence, dynamics, and hedonic correlates of experienced love from data describing the emotion, well-being, and time use of a diverse sample of 3,867 U.S. adults every half hour for 10 days (<i>N</i> = 1.12 million) supplemented by a hedonic snapshot of an additional 7,255 adults. The findings allude to the seemingly functional and adaptive nature of love and to similarities across binary gender-men and women reported comparable degrees of (passionate) partner love overall, elevated partner love after prolonged same-day separations, substantially elevated well-being in love's presence, and reduced (but not extinguished) partner love in mature marital cohorts. The gender differences that were found-women reported more child love than men, and men exhibited a less pronounced reduction in partner love across cohorts-are also consistent with functional accounts of love that recognize the varying role of men and women in the formation and sustenance of relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"7-20"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating Inattentional Blindness Through the Lens of Fear Chemosignals. 通过恐惧化学信号的镜头研究无意失明。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231213572
Gün R Semin, Michael DePhillips, Nuno Gomes
{"title":"Investigating Inattentional Blindness Through the Lens of Fear Chemosignals.","authors":"Gün R Semin, Michael DePhillips, Nuno Gomes","doi":"10.1177/09567976231213572","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231213572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Inattentional blindness</i> is a phenomenon wherein people fail to perceive obvious stimuli within their vision, sometimes leading to dramatic consequences. Research on the effects of fear chemosignals suggests that they facilitate receivers' sensory acquisition. We aimed to examine the interplay between these phenomena, investigating whether exposure to fear chemosignals (vs. rest body odors) can reduce the <i>inattentional-blindness handicap</i>. Utilizing a virtual-reality aquarium, we asked participants to count how many morsels a school of fish consumed while two unexpected stimuli swam by. We predicted that participants exposed to fear chemosignals (<i>N</i> = 131) would detect unexpected stimuli significantly more often than participants exposed to rest body odors (<i>N</i> = 125). All participants were adult Portuguese university students aged 18 to 40 years. The results confirmed our hypothesis, χ<sup>2</sup>(1) = 6.10, <i>p</i> = .014, revealing that exposure to fear chemosignals significantly increased the detection of unexpected stimuli by about 10%. The implications of our findings open a novel avenue for reducing the adverse consequences of inattentional blindness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"72-81"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fluctuations in Sustained Attention Explain Moment-to-Moment Shifts in Children's Memory Formation. 持续注意力的波动解释了儿童记忆形成的瞬间变化。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231206767
Alexandra L Decker, Katherine Duncan, Amy S Finn
{"title":"Fluctuations in Sustained Attention Explain Moment-to-Moment Shifts in Children's Memory Formation.","authors":"Alexandra L Decker, Katherine Duncan, Amy S Finn","doi":"10.1177/09567976231206767","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231206767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Why do children's memories often differ from adults' after the same experience? Whereas prior work has focused on children's immature memory mechanisms to answer this question, here we focus on the costs of attentional lapses for learning. We track sustained attention and memory formation across time in 7- to 10-year-old children and adults (<i>n</i> = 120) to show that sustained attention causally shapes the fate of children's individual memories. Moreover, children's attention lapsed twice as frequently as adults', and attention fluctuated with memory formation more closely in children than adults. In addition, although attentional lapses impaired memory for expected events in both children and adults, they impaired memory for unexpected events in children only. Our work reveals that sustained attention is an important cognitive factor that controls access to children's long-term memory stores. Our work also raises the possibility that developmental differences in cognitive performance stem from developmental shifts in the ability to sustain attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1377-1389"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71485309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Representation for Action in Crows Obeys the Weber-Fechner Law. Crows中作用的数值表示服从Weber-Fechner定律。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231201624
Maximilian E Kirschhock, Andreas Nieder
{"title":"Numerical Representation for Action in Crows Obeys the Weber-Fechner Law.","authors":"Maximilian E Kirschhock, Andreas Nieder","doi":"10.1177/09567976231201624","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231201624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The psychophysical laws governing the judgment of perceived numbers of objects or events, called the <i>number sense</i>, have been studied in detail. However, the behavioral principles of equally important numerical representations for action are largely unexplored in both humans and animals. We trained two male carrion crows (<i>Corvus corone</i>) to judge numerical values of instruction stimuli from one to five and to flexibly perform a matching number of pecks. Our quantitative analysis of the crows' number production performance shows the same behavioral regularities that have previously been demonstrated for the judgment of sensory numerosity, such as the numerical distance effect, the numerical magnitude effect, and the logarithmical compression of the number line. The presence of these psychophysical phenomena in crows producing number of pecks suggests a unified sensorimotor number representation system underlying the judgment of the number of external stimuli and internally generated actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1322-1335"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54230758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concepts Are Restructured During Language Contact: The Birth of Blue and Other Color Concepts in Tsimane'-Spanish Bilinguals. 语言接触过程中的概念重构：齐曼西班牙语双语者中蓝色和其他颜色概念的诞生。
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231199742
Saima Malik-Moraleda, Kyle Mahowald, Bevil R Conway, Edward Gibson
{"title":"Concepts Are Restructured During Language Contact: The Birth of Blue and Other Color Concepts in Tsimane'-Spanish Bilinguals.","authors":"Saima Malik-Moraleda, Kyle Mahowald, Bevil R Conway, Edward Gibson","doi":"10.1177/09567976231199742","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231199742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Words and the concepts they represent vary across languages. Here we ask if mother-tongue concepts are altered by learning a second language. What happens when speakers of Tsimane', a language with few consensus color terms, learn Bolivian Spanish, a language with more terms? Three possibilities arise: Concepts in Tsimane' may remain unaffected, or they may be remapped, either by Tsimane' terms taking on new meanings or by borrowing Bolivian-Spanish terms. We found that adult bilingual speakers (<i>n</i> = 30) remapped Tsimane' concepts without importing Bolivian-Spanish terms into Tsimane'. All Tsimane' terms become more precise; for example, concepts of monolingual <i>shandyes</i> and <i>yụshñus</i> (~green or blue, used synonymously by Tsimane' monolinguals; <i>n</i> = 71) come to reflect the Bolivian-Spanish distinction of <i>verde</i> (~green) and <i>azul</i> (~blue). These results show that learning a second language can change the concepts in the first language.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1350-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10792402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vaccine Nationalism Counterintuitively Erodes Public Trust in Leaders. 与直觉相反，疫苗民族主义侵蚀了公众对领导人的信任。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231204699
Clara Colombatto, Jim A C Everett, Julien Senn, Michel André Maréchal, M J Crockett
{"title":"Vaccine Nationalism Counterintuitively Erodes Public Trust in Leaders.","authors":"Clara Colombatto, Jim A C Everett, Julien Senn, Michel André Maréchal, M J Crockett","doi":"10.1177/09567976231204699","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231204699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global access to resources like vaccines is key for containing the spread of infectious diseases. However, wealthy countries often pursue nationalistic policies, stockpiling doses rather than redistributing them globally. One possible motivation behind vaccine nationalism is a belief among policymakers that citizens will mistrust leaders who prioritize global needs over domestic protection. In seven experiments (total <i>N</i> = 4,215 adults), we demonstrate that such concerns are misplaced: Nationally representative samples across multiple countries with large vaccine surpluses (Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and United States) trusted redistributive leaders more than nationalistic leaders-even the more nationalistic participants. This preference generalized across different diseases and manifested in both self-reported and behavioral measures of trust. Professional civil servants, however, had the opposite intuition and predicted higher trust in nationalistic leaders, and a nonexpert sample also failed to predict higher trust in redistributive leaders. We discuss how policymakers' inaccurate intuitions might originate from overestimating others' self-interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1309-1321"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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