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Attitudes and Laws About Abortion Are Linked to Extrinsic Mortality Risk: A Life-History Perspective on Variability in Reproductive Rights. 关于堕胎的态度和法律与外在死亡率风险有关：从生命史角度看生殖权利的变异性》（Attitudes and Laws About Abortion Are Linked to Extrinsic Mortality Risk: A Life-History Perspective on Variability in Reproductive Rights）。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231217410
Elena Brandt, Jon K Maner
{"title":"Attitudes and Laws About Abortion Are Linked to Extrinsic Mortality Risk: A Life-History Perspective on Variability in Reproductive Rights.","authors":"Elena Brandt, Jon K Maner","doi":"10.1177/09567976231217410","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231217410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abortion policy is conventionally viewed as a political matter with religious overtones. This article offers a different view. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, abortion at a young age can represent prioritization of long-term development over immediate reproduction, a pattern established in other animal species as resulting from stable ecologies with low mortality risk. We examine whether laws and moral beliefs about abortions are linked to local mortality rates. Data from 50 U.S. states, 202 world societies, 2,596 adult individuals in 363 U.S. counties, and 147,260 respondents across the globe suggest that lower levels of mortality risk are associated with more permissive laws and attitudes toward abortion. Those associations were observed when we controlled for religiosity, political ideology, wealth, education, and industrialization. Integrating evolutionary and cultural perspectives offers an explanation as to why moral beliefs and legal norms about reproduction may be sensitive to levels of ecological adversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139417937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perceptions of Falling Behind "Most White People": Within-Group Status Comparisons Predict Fewer Positive Emotions and Worse Health Over Time Among White (but Not Black) Americans. 对落后于 "大多数白人 "的看法：美国白人（而非黑人）在群体内的地位比较可预测随着时间的推移，积极情绪较少，健康状况较差。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231221546
Nava Caluori, Erin Cooley, Jazmin L Brown-Iannuzzi, Emma Klein, Ryan F Lei, William Cipolli, Lauren E Philbrook
{"title":"Perceptions of Falling Behind \"Most White People\": Within-Group Status Comparisons Predict Fewer Positive Emotions and Worse Health Over Time Among White (but Not Black) Americans.","authors":"Nava Caluori, Erin Cooley, Jazmin L Brown-Iannuzzi, Emma Klein, Ryan F Lei, William Cipolli, Lauren E Philbrook","doi":"10.1177/09567976231221546","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231221546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the persistence of anti-Black racism, White Americans report feeling worse off than Black Americans. We suggest that some White Americans may report low well-being despite high group-level status because of perceptions that they are falling behind their in-group. Using census-based quota sampling, we measured status comparisons and health among Black (<i>N</i> = 452, Wave 1) and White (<i>N</i> = 439, Wave 1) American adults over a period of 6 to 7 weeks. We found that Black and White Americans tended to make status comparisons within their own racial groups and that most Black participants felt better off than their racial group, whereas most White participants felt worse off than their racial group. Moreover, we found that White Americans' perceptions of falling behind \"most White people\" predicted fewer positive emotions at a subsequent time, which predicted worse sleep quality and depressive symptoms in the future. Subjective within-group status did not have the same consequences among Black participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Observers Efficiently Extract the Minimal and Maximal Element in Perceptual Magnitude Sets: Evidence for a Bipartite Format. 观察者在知觉幅度集合中有效提取最小和最大元素：两部分格式的证据
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231223130
Darko Odic, Tyler Knowlton, Alexis Wellwood, Paul Pietroski, Jeffrey Lidz, Justin Halberda
{"title":"Observers Efficiently Extract the Minimal and Maximal Element in Perceptual Magnitude Sets: Evidence for a Bipartite Format.","authors":"Darko Odic, Tyler Knowlton, Alexis Wellwood, Paul Pietroski, Jeffrey Lidz, Justin Halberda","doi":"10.1177/09567976231223130","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231223130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mind represents abstract magnitude information, including time, space, and number, but in what format is this information stored? We show support for the bipartite format of perceptual magnitudes, in which the measured value on a dimension is scaled to the dynamic range of the input, leading to a privileged status for values at the lowest and highest end of the range. In six experiments with college undergraduates, we show that observers are faster and more accurate to find the endpoints (i.e., the minimum and maximum) than any of the inner values, even as the number of items increases beyond visual short-term memory limits. Our results show that length, size, and number are represented in a dynamic format that allows for comparison-free sorting, with endpoints represented with an immediately accessible status, consistent with the bipartite model of perceptual magnitudes. We discuss the implications for theories of visual search and ensemble perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synchrony Influences Estimates of Cooperation in a Public-Goods Game. 同步性影响公共物品博弈中的合作估算。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231223410
Luke McEllin, Natalie Sebanz
{"title":"Synchrony Influences Estimates of Cooperation in a Public-Goods Game.","authors":"Luke McEllin, Natalie Sebanz","doi":"10.1177/09567976231223410","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231223410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benefiting from a cooperative interaction requires people to estimate how cooperatively other members of a group will act so that they can calibrate their own behavior accordingly. We investigated whether the synchrony of a group's actions influences observers' estimates of cooperation. Participants (recruited through Prolific) watched animations of actors deciding how much to donate in a public-goods game and using a mouse to drag donations to a public pot. Participants then estimated how much was in the pot in total (as an index of how cooperative they thought the group members were). Experiment 1 (<i>N</i> = 136 adults) manipulated the synchrony between players' decision-making time, and Experiment 2 (<i>N</i> = 136 adults) manipulated the synchrony between players' decision-implementing movements. For both experiments, estimates of how much was in the pot were higher for synchronous than asynchronous groups, demonstrating that the temporal dynamics of an interaction contain signals of a group's level of cooperativity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mindful-Gratitude Practice Reduces Prejudice at High Levels of Collective Narcissism. 正念-感恩练习可减少高水平集体自恋者的偏见。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231220902
Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, Oliver Keenan, Matthias Ziegler, Magdalena Mazurkiewicz, Maria Nalberczak-Skóra, Pawel Ciesielski, Julia E Wahl, Constantine Sedikides
{"title":"Mindful-Gratitude Practice Reduces Prejudice at High Levels of Collective Narcissism.","authors":"Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, Oliver Keenan, Matthias Ziegler, Magdalena Mazurkiewicz, Maria Nalberczak-Skóra, Pawel Ciesielski, Julia E Wahl, Constantine Sedikides","doi":"10.1177/09567976231220902","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231220902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research tested the hypothesis that mindful-gratitude practice attenuates the robust association between collective narcissism and prejudice. In Study 1 (a between-subjects study using a nationally representative sample of 569 Polish adults; 313 female), 10 min of mindful-gratitude practice-compared to mindful-attention practice and control-did not decrease prejudice (anti-Semitism), but weakened the positive link between collective narcissism and prejudice. In Study 2 (a preregistered, randomized, controlled-trial study using a convenience sample of 219 Polish adults; 168 female), a 6-week mobile app supported training in daily mindful-gratitude practice decreased prejudice (anti-Semitism, sexism, homophobia, anti-immigrant sentiment) and its link with collective narcissism compared to a wait-list control. The hypothesis-consistent results emphasize the social relevance of mindful-gratitude practice, a time- and cost-effective intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distinct Inhibitory-Control Processes Underlie Children's Judgments of Fairness. 儿童对公平性判断的不同抑制控制过程
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231217420
David M Sobel, David G Kamper, Joo-Hyun Song
{"title":"Distinct Inhibitory-Control Processes Underlie Children's Judgments of Fairness.","authors":"David M Sobel, David G Kamper, Joo-Hyun Song","doi":"10.1177/09567976231217420","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231217420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined how 5- to 8-year-olds (<i>N</i> = 51; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 83 months; 27 female, 24 male; 69% White, 12% Black/African American, 8% Asian/Asian American, 6% Hispanic, 6% not reported) and adults (<i>N</i> = 18; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 20.13 years; 11 female, 7 male) accepted or rejected different distributions of resources between themselves and others. We used a reach-tracking method to track finger movement in 3D space over time. This allowed us to dissociate two inhibitory processes. One involved pausing motor responses to detect conflict between observed information and how participants thought resources should be divided; the other involved resolving the conflict between the response and the alternative. Reasoning about disadvantageous inequities involved more of the first system, and this was stable across development. Reasoning about advantageous inequities involved more of the second system and showed more of a developmental progression. Generally, reach tracking offers an on-line measure of inhibitory control for the study of cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reducing Facial Stereotype Bias in Consequential Social Judgments: Intervention Success With White Male Faces. 减少后果性社会判断中的面部刻板印象偏见：对白人男性面孔的成功干预。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231215238
Youngki Hong, Kao-Wei Chua, Jonathan B Freeman
{"title":"Reducing Facial Stereotype Bias in Consequential Social Judgments: Intervention Success With White Male Faces.","authors":"Youngki Hong, Kao-Wei Chua, Jonathan B Freeman","doi":"10.1177/09567976231215238","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231215238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Initial impressions of others based on facial appearances are often inaccurate yet can lead to dire outcomes. Across four studies, adult participants underwent a counterstereotype training to reduce their reliance on facial appearance in consequential social judgments of White male faces. In Studies 1 and 2, trustworthiness and sentencing judgments among control participants predicted whether real-world inmates were sentenced to death versus life in prison, but these relationships were diminished among trained participants. In Study 3, a sequential priming paradigm demonstrated that the training was able to abolish the relationship between even automatically and implicitly perceived trustworthiness and the inmates' life-or-death sentences. Study 4 extended these results to realistic decision-making, showing that training reduced the impact of facial trustworthiness on sentencing decisions even in the presence of decision-relevant information. Overall, our findings suggest that a counterstereotype intervention can mitigate the potentially harmful effects of relying on facial appearance in consequential social judgments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138806650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personal Misconduct Elicits Harsher Professional Consequences for Artists (vs. Scientists): A Moral-Decoupling Process. 艺术家（与科学家相比）的个人不当行为会导致更严重的职业后果：道德脱钩过程。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231214739
Joseph J Siev, Jacob D Teeny
{"title":"Personal Misconduct Elicits Harsher Professional Consequences for Artists (vs. Scientists): A Moral-Decoupling Process.","authors":"Joseph J Siev, Jacob D Teeny","doi":"10.1177/09567976231214739","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231214739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent years have brought increased accountability for personal misconduct, yet often, unequal consequences have resulted from similar offenses. Findings from a unique archival data set (<i>N</i> = 619; all university faculty) and three preregistered experiments (<i>N</i> = 2,594) show that the perceived artistic-versus-scientific nature of the offender's professional contributions influences the professional punishment received. In Study 1, analysis of four decades of university sexual-misconduct cases reveals that faculty in artistic (vs. scientific) fields have on average received more severe professional consequences. Study 2 demonstrates this experimentally, offering mediational evidence that greater difficulty morally decoupling art (vs. science) contributes to the phenomenon. Study 3 provides further evidence for this mechanism through experimental moderation. Finally, Study 4 shows that merely framing an individual's work as artistic versus scientific results in replication of these effects. Several potential alternative mechanisms to moral decoupling are tested but not supported. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attention to Authenticity: An Essential Analogue to Focus on Rigor and Replicability. 关注真实性：关注真实性：关注严谨性和可复制性的重要类比。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231220895
Patricia J Bauer
{"title":"Attention to Authenticity: An Essential Analogue to Focus on Rigor and Replicability.","authors":"Patricia J Bauer","doi":"10.1177/09567976231220895","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231220895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138806513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving Memory Search Through Model-Based Cue Selection. 通过基于模型的线索选择改进记忆搜索
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231215298
Charlotte A Cornell, Kenneth A Norman, Thomas L Griffiths, Qiong Zhang
{"title":"Improving Memory Search Through Model-Based Cue Selection.","authors":"Charlotte A Cornell, Kenneth A Norman, Thomas L Griffiths, Qiong Zhang","doi":"10.1177/09567976231215298","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231215298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We often use cues from our environment when we get stuck searching our memories, but prior research has failed to show benefits of cuing with other, randomly selected list items during memory search. What accounts for this discrepancy? We proposed that cues' content critically determines their effectiveness and sought to select the right cues by building a computational model of how cues affect memory search. Participants (<i>N</i> = 195 young adults from the United States) recalled significantly more items when receiving our model's best (vs. worst) cue. Our model provides an account of why some cues better aid recall: Effective cues activate contexts most similar to the remaining items' contexts, facilitating recall in an unsearched area of memory. We discuss our contributions in relation to prominent theories about the effect of external cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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