Psychological Science最新文献_第8页

Multivariate Assessment of Inhibitory Control in Youth: Links With Psychopathology and Brain Function. 青少年抑制控制的多变量评估：与精神病理学和大脑功能的联系

IF 4.8 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241231574

Elise M Cardinale, Jessica Bezek, Olivia Siegal, Gabrielle F Freitag, Anni Subar, Parmis Khosravi, Ajitha Mallidi, Olivia Peterson, Isaac Morales, Simone P Haller, Courtney Filippi, Kyunghun Lee, Melissa A Brotman, Ellen Leibenluft, Daniel S Pine, Julia O Linke, Katharina Kircanski

{"title":"Multivariate Assessment of Inhibitory Control in Youth: Links With Psychopathology and Brain Function.","authors":"Elise M Cardinale, Jessica Bezek, Olivia Siegal, Gabrielle F Freitag, Anni Subar, Parmis Khosravi, Ajitha Mallidi, Olivia Peterson, Isaac Morales, Simone P Haller, Courtney Filippi, Kyunghun Lee, Melissa A Brotman, Ellen Leibenluft, Daniel S Pine, Julia O Linke, Katharina Kircanski","doi":"10.1177/09567976241231574","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241231574","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibitory control is central to many theories of cognitive and brain development, and impairments in inhibitory control are posited to underlie developmental psychopathology. In this study, we tested the possibility of shared versus unique associations between inhibitory control and three common symptom dimensions in youth psychopathology: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and irritability. We quantified inhibitory control using four different experimental tasks to estimate a latent variable in 246 youth (8-18 years old) with varying symptom types and levels. Participants were recruited from the Washington, D.C., metro region. Results of structural equation modeling integrating a bifactor model of psychopathology revealed that inhibitory control predicted a shared or general psychopathology dimension, but not ADHD-specific, anxiety-specific, or irritability-specific dimensions. Inhibitory control also showed a significant, selective association with global efficiency in a frontoparietal control network delineated during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. These results support performance-based inhibitory control linked to resting-state brain function as an important predictor of comorbidity in youth psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"376-389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manipulating Prior Beliefs Causally Induces Under- and Overconfidence. 操纵先前的信念会诱发信心不足和过度自信。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241231572

Hélène Van Marcke, Pierre Le Denmat, Tom Verguts, Kobe Desender

{"title":"Manipulating Prior Beliefs Causally Induces Under- and Overconfidence.","authors":"Hélène Van Marcke, Pierre Le Denmat, Tom Verguts, Kobe Desender","doi":"10.1177/09567976241231572","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241231572","url":null,"abstract":"Humans differ vastly in the confidence they assign to decisions. Although such under- and overconfidence relate to fundamental life outcomes, a computational account specifying the underlying mechanisms is currently lacking. We propose that prior beliefs in the ability to perform a task explain confidence differences across participants and tasks, despite similar performance. In two perceptual decision-making experiments, we show that manipulating prior beliefs about performance during training causally influences confidence in healthy adults (N = 50 each; Experiment 1: 8 men, one nonbinary; Experiment 2: 5 men) during a test phase, despite unaffected objective performance. This is true when prior beliefs are induced via manipulated comparative feedback and via manipulated training-phase difficulty. Our results were accounted for within an accumulation-to-bound model, explicitly modeling prior beliefs on the basis of earlier task exposure. Decision confidence is quantified as the probability of being correct conditional on prior beliefs, causing under- or overconfidence. We provide a fundamental mechanistic insight into the computations underlying under- and overconfidence.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"358-375"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can Invalid Information Be Ignored When It Is Detected? 检测到无效信息后是否可以忽略？

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241231571

Adam T Ramsey, Yanjun Liu, Jennifer S Trueblood

引用次数: 0

Bridging the Gap Between Self-Report and Behavioral Laboratory Measures: A Real-Time Driving Task With Inverse Reinforcement Learning. 缩小自我报告与行为实验室测量之间的差距：反强化学习的实时驾驶任务

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241228503

Sang Ho Lee, Myeong Seop Song, Min-Hwan Oh, Woo-Young Ahn

{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Self-Report and Behavioral Laboratory Measures: A Real-Time Driving Task With Inverse Reinforcement Learning.","authors":"Sang Ho Lee, Myeong Seop Song, Min-Hwan Oh, Woo-Young Ahn","doi":"10.1177/09567976241228503","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241228503","url":null,"abstract":"A major challenge in assessing psychological constructs such as impulsivity is the weak correlation between self-report and behavioral task measures that are supposed to assess the same construct. To address this issue, we developed a real-time driving task called the \"highway task,\" in which participants often exhibit impulsive behaviors mirroring real-life impulsive traits captured by self-report questionnaires. Here, we show that a self-report measure of impulsivity is highly correlated with performance in the highway task but not with traditional behavioral task measures of impulsivity (47 adults aged 18-33 years). By integrating deep neural networks with an inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm, we inferred dynamic changes of subjective rewards during the highway task. The results indicated that impulsive participants attribute high subjective rewards to irrational or risky situations. Overall, our results suggest that using real-time tasks combined with IRL can help reconcile the discrepancy between self-report and behavioral task measures of psychological constructs.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"345-357"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do They Look the Same Unless They Are Angry? Investigating the Other-Race Effect in the Presence of Angry Expressions. 除非愤怒，否则他们看起来都一样吗？调查愤怒表情下的他种效应。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231218640

Roland Imhoff, Barbara C N Müller, Verena Heidrich

{"title":"Do They Look the Same Unless They Are Angry? Investigating the Other-Race Effect in the Presence of Angry Expressions.","authors":"Roland Imhoff, Barbara C N Müller, Verena Heidrich","doi":"10.1177/09567976231218640","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231218640","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnic out-group members are disproportionately more often the victim of misidentifications. The so-called other-race effect (ORE), the tendency to better remember faces of individuals belonging to one's own ethnic in-group than faces belonging to an ethnic out-group, has been identified as one causal ingredient in such tragic incidents. Investigating an important aspect for the ORE-that is, emotional expression-the seminal study by Ackerman and colleagues (2006) found that White participants remembered neutral White faces better than neutral Black faces, but crucially, Black angry faces were better remembered than White angry faces (i.e., a reversed ORE). In the current study, we sought to replicate this study and directly tackle the potential causes for different results with later work. Three hundred ninety-six adult White U.S. citizens completed our study in which we manipulated the kind of employed stimuli (as in the original study vs. more standardized ones) whether participants knew of the recognition task already at the encoding phase. Additionally, participants were asked about the unusualness of the presented faces. We were able to replicate results from the Ackerman et al. (2006) study with the original stimuli but not with more standardized stimuli.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"405-414"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

White by Another Name? Can Anti-Christian Bias Claims Serve as a Racial Dog Whistle? 白人的另一个名字？反基督教偏见的说法能否成为种族问题的 "哨子"？

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241236162

Rosemary L Al-Kire, Chad A Miller, Michael H Pasek, Samuel L Perry, Clara L Wilkins

引用次数: 0

On the Efficacy of Accuracy Prompts Across Partisan Lines: An Adversarial Collaboration. 论跨党派准确性提示的功效：对抗性合作。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241232905

Cameron Martel, Steve Rathje, Cory J Clark, Gordon Pennycook, Jay J Van Bavel, David G Rand, Sander van der Linden

{"title":"On the Efficacy of Accuracy Prompts Across Partisan Lines: An Adversarial Collaboration.","authors":"Cameron Martel, Steve Rathje, Cory J Clark, Gordon Pennycook, Jay J Van Bavel, David G Rand, Sander van der Linden","doi":"10.1177/09567976241232905","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241232905","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of misinformation is a pressing societal challenge. Prior work shows that shifting attention to accuracy increases the quality of people's news-sharing decisions. However, researchers disagree on whether accuracy-prompt interventions work for U.S. Republicans/conservatives and whether partisanship moderates the effect. In this preregistered adversarial collaboration, we tested this question using a multiverse meta-analysis (k = 21; N = 27,828). In all 70 models, accuracy prompts improved sharing discernment among Republicans/conservatives. We observed significant partisan moderation for single-headline \"evaluation\" treatments (a critical test for one research team) such that the effect was stronger among Democrats than Republicans. However, this moderation was not consistently robust across different operationalizations of ideology/partisanship, exclusion criteria, or treatment type. Overall, we observed significant partisan moderation in 50% of specifications (all of which were considered critical for the other team). We discuss the conditions under which moderation is observed and offer interpretations.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"435-450"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When and Why People Conceal Infectious Disease. 人们何时及为何隐瞒传染病？

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231221990

Wilson N Merrell, Soyeon Choi, Joshua M Ackerman

{"title":"When and Why People Conceal Infectious Disease.","authors":"Wilson N Merrell, Soyeon Choi, Joshua M Ackerman","doi":"10.1177/09567976231221990","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231221990","url":null,"abstract":"People sick with infectious illnesses face negative social outcomes, like exclusion, and may take steps to conceal their illnesses from others. In 10 studies of past, current, and projected illness, we examined the prevalence and predictors of infection concealment in adult samples of U.S. university students, health-care employees, and online crowdsourced workers (total N = 4,110). About 75% reported concealing illness in interpersonal interactions, possibly placing others in harm's way. Concealment motives were largely social (e.g., wanting to attend events like parties) and achievement oriented (e.g., completing work objectives). Disease characteristics, including potential harm and illness immediacy, also influenced concealment decisions. People imagining harmful (vs. mild) infections concealed illness less frequently, whereas participants who were actually sick concealed frequently regardless of illness harm, suggesting state-specific biases underlying concealment decisions. Disease concealment appears to be a widely prevalent behavior by which concealers trade off risks to others in favor of their own goals, creating potentially important public-health consequences.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Devaluation by Omission: Limited Identity Options Elicit Anger and Increase Identification. 因疏忽而贬值：有限的身份选择激发愤怒，增加认同。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231223416

Sean Fath, Devon Proudfoot

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to "Indulgent Foods Can Paradoxically Promote Disciplined Dietary Choices". 对 "放纵的食物可以自相矛盾地促进有节制的饮食选择 "的更正。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231217508

引用次数: 0