Psychological Science最新文献_第8页

On the Efficacy of Accuracy Prompts Across Partisan Lines: An Adversarial Collaboration. 论跨党派准确性提示的功效：对抗性合作。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241232905

Cameron Martel, Steve Rathje, Cory J Clark, Gordon Pennycook, Jay J Van Bavel, David G Rand, Sander van der Linden

{"title":"On the Efficacy of Accuracy Prompts Across Partisan Lines: An Adversarial Collaboration.","authors":"Cameron Martel, Steve Rathje, Cory J Clark, Gordon Pennycook, Jay J Van Bavel, David G Rand, Sander van der Linden","doi":"10.1177/09567976241232905","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241232905","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of misinformation is a pressing societal challenge. Prior work shows that shifting attention to accuracy increases the quality of people's news-sharing decisions. However, researchers disagree on whether accuracy-prompt interventions work for U.S. Republicans/conservatives and whether partisanship moderates the effect. In this preregistered adversarial collaboration, we tested this question using a multiverse meta-analysis (k = 21; N = 27,828). In all 70 models, accuracy prompts improved sharing discernment among Republicans/conservatives. We observed significant partisan moderation for single-headline \"evaluation\" treatments (a critical test for one research team) such that the effect was stronger among Democrats than Republicans. However, this moderation was not consistently robust across different operationalizations of ideology/partisanship, exclusion criteria, or treatment type. Overall, we observed significant partisan moderation in 50% of specifications (all of which were considered critical for the other team). We discuss the conditions under which moderation is observed and offer interpretations.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"435-450"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When and Why People Conceal Infectious Disease. 人们何时及为何隐瞒传染病？

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231221990

Wilson N Merrell, Soyeon Choi, Joshua M Ackerman

{"title":"When and Why People Conceal Infectious Disease.","authors":"Wilson N Merrell, Soyeon Choi, Joshua M Ackerman","doi":"10.1177/09567976231221990","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231221990","url":null,"abstract":"People sick with infectious illnesses face negative social outcomes, like exclusion, and may take steps to conceal their illnesses from others. In 10 studies of past, current, and projected illness, we examined the prevalence and predictors of infection concealment in adult samples of U.S. university students, health-care employees, and online crowdsourced workers (total N = 4,110). About 75% reported concealing illness in interpersonal interactions, possibly placing others in harm's way. Concealment motives were largely social (e.g., wanting to attend events like parties) and achievement oriented (e.g., completing work objectives). Disease characteristics, including potential harm and illness immediacy, also influenced concealment decisions. People imagining harmful (vs. mild) infections concealed illness less frequently, whereas participants who were actually sick concealed frequently regardless of illness harm, suggesting state-specific biases underlying concealment decisions. Disease concealment appears to be a widely prevalent behavior by which concealers trade off risks to others in favor of their own goals, creating potentially important public-health consequences.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Devaluation by Omission: Limited Identity Options Elicit Anger and Increase Identification. 因疏忽而贬值：有限的身份选择激发愤怒，增加认同。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231223416

Sean Fath, Devon Proudfoot

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to "Indulgent Foods Can Paradoxically Promote Disciplined Dietary Choices". 对 "放纵的食物可以自相矛盾地促进有节制的饮食选择 "的更正。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231217508

引用次数: 0

A Universal Cognitive Bias in Word Order: Evidence From Speakers Whose Language Goes Against It. 词序中的普遍认知偏差：来自语言与之相悖的说话者的证据

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231222836

Alexander Martin, David Adger, Klaus Abels, Patrick Kanampiu, Jennifer Culbertson

引用次数: 0

Unlocking the Benefits of Gender Diversity: How an Ecological-Belonging Intervention Enhances Performance in Science Classrooms. 释放性别多样性的益处：生态归属干预如何提高科学课堂的表现。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231221534

Kevin R Binning, Danny Doucette, Beverly G Conrique, Chandralekha Singh

{"title":"Unlocking the Benefits of Gender Diversity: How an Ecological-Belonging Intervention Enhances Performance in Science Classrooms.","authors":"Kevin R Binning, Danny Doucette, Beverly G Conrique, Chandralekha Singh","doi":"10.1177/09567976231221534","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231221534","url":null,"abstract":"Gender diversity signals inclusivity, but meta-analyses suggest that it does not boost individual or group performance. This research examined whether a social-psychological intervention can unlock the benefits of gender diversity on college physics students' social and academic outcomes. Analyses of 124 introductory physics classrooms at a large research institution in the eastern United States (N = 3,605) indicated that in classrooms doing \"business as usual,\" cross-gender collaboration was infrequent, there was a substantial gender gap in physics classroom belonging, and classroom gender diversity had no effect on performance. The ecological-belonging intervention aimed to establish classroom norms that adversity in the course is normal and surmountable. In classrooms receiving the intervention, cross-gender interaction increased 51%, the gender gap in belonging was reduced by 47%, and higher classroom diversity was associated with higher course grades and 1-year grade point average for both men and women. Addressing contextual belongingness norms may help to unlock the benefits of diversity.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"226-238"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Verbal Aggressions Against Major League Baseball Umpires Affect Their Decision Making. 对美国职业棒球大联盟裁判的言语攻击会影响他们的决策。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241227411

Joël Guérette, Caroline Blais, Daniel Fiset

引用次数: 0

Effects of Voice Pitch on Social Perceptions Vary With Relational Mobility and Homicide Rate. 声调对社会认知的影响随关系流动性和凶杀率的变化而变化。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231222288

Toe Aung, Alexander K Hill, Jessica K Hlay, Catherine Hess, Michael Hess, Janie Johnson, Leslie Doll, Sara M Carlson, Caroline Magdinec, Isaac G-Santoyo, Robert S Walker, Drew Bailey, Steven Arnocky, Shanmukh Kamble, Tom Vardy, Thanos Kyritsis, Quentin Atkinson, Benedict Jones, Jessica Burns, Jeremy Koster, Gonzalo Palomo-Vélez, Joshua M Tybur, José Muñoz-Reyes, Bryan K C Choy, Norman P Li, Verena Klar, Carlota Batres, Patricia Bascheck, Christoph Schild, Lars Penke, Farid Pazhoohi, Karen Kemirembe, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Caio Santos Alves da Silva, Martha Borras-Guevara, Carolyn Hodges-Simeon, Moritz Ernst, Collin Garr, Bin-Bin Chen, David Puts

{"title":"Effects of Voice Pitch on Social Perceptions Vary With Relational Mobility and Homicide Rate.","authors":"Toe Aung, Alexander K Hill, Jessica K Hlay, Catherine Hess, Michael Hess, Janie Johnson, Leslie Doll, Sara M Carlson, Caroline Magdinec, Isaac G-Santoyo, Robert S Walker, Drew Bailey, Steven Arnocky, Shanmukh Kamble, Tom Vardy, Thanos Kyritsis, Quentin Atkinson, Benedict Jones, Jessica Burns, Jeremy Koster, Gonzalo Palomo-Vélez, Joshua M Tybur, José Muñoz-Reyes, Bryan K C Choy, Norman P Li, Verena Klar, Carlota Batres, Patricia Bascheck, Christoph Schild, Lars Penke, Farid Pazhoohi, Karen Kemirembe, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Caio Santos Alves da Silva, Martha Borras-Guevara, Carolyn Hodges-Simeon, Moritz Ernst, Collin Garr, Bin-Bin Chen, David Puts","doi":"10.1177/09567976231222288","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231222288","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental frequency ( fo) is the most perceptually salient vocal acoustic parameter, yet little is known about how its perceptual influence varies across societies. We examined how fo affects key social perceptions and how socioecological variables modulate these effects in 2,647 adult listeners sampled from 44 locations across 22 nations. Low male fo increased men's perceptions of formidability and prestige, especially in societies with higher homicide rates and greater relational mobility in which male intrasexual competition may be more intense and rapid identification of high-status competitors may be exigent. High female fo increased women's perceptions of flirtatiousness where relational mobility was lower and threats to mating relationships may be greater. These results indicate that the influence of fo on social perceptions depends on socioecological variables, including those related to competition for status and mates.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"250-262"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Racial Prejudice Affects Representations of Facial Trustworthiness. 种族偏见会影响对面部可信度的表述。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231225094

Ryan J Hutchings, Erin Freiburger, Mattea Sim, Kurt Hugenberg

引用次数: 0

Assessing Verbal Eyewitness Confidence Statements Using Natural Language Processing. 利用自然语言处理技术评估目击证人的口头证词。

IF 8.2 1区心理学

Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241229028

Rachel Leigh Greenspan, Alex Lyman, Paul Heaton

{"title":"Assessing Verbal Eyewitness Confidence Statements Using Natural Language Processing.","authors":"Rachel Leigh Greenspan, Alex Lyman, Paul Heaton","doi":"10.1177/09567976241229028","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241229028","url":null,"abstract":"After an eyewitness completes a lineup, officers are advised to ask witnesses how confident they are in their identification. Although researchers in the lab typically study eyewitness confidence numerically, confidence in the field is primarily gathered verbally. In the current study, we used a natural language-processing approach to develop an automated model to classify verbal eyewitness confidence statements. Across a variety of stimulus materials and witnessing conditions, our model correctly classified adult witnesses' (N = 4,541) level of confidence (i.e., high, medium, or low) 71% of the time. Confidence-accuracy calibration curves demonstrate that the model's confidence classification performs similarly in predicting eyewitness accuracy compared to witnesses' self-reported numeric confidence. Our model also furnishes a new metric, confidence entropy, that measures the vagueness of witnesses' confidence statements and provides independent information about eyewitness accuracy. These results have implications for how empirical scientists collect confidence data and how police interpret eyewitness confidence statements.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"277-287"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0