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Is Mansplaining Gendered? The Effects of Unsolicited, Generic, and Prescriptive Advice on U.S. Women. 男人的抱怨有性别倾向吗？未经请求的通用性和指令性建议对美国女性的影响》。
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241268630
Erik Santoro, Hazel Rose Markus
{"title":"Is Mansplaining Gendered? The Effects of Unsolicited, Generic, and Prescriptive Advice on U.S. Women.","authors":"Erik Santoro, Hazel Rose Markus","doi":"10.1177/09567976241268630","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241268630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In light of popular accounts in the United States of \"mansplaining,\" we investigated the effects on women when others give them \"unresponsive\" advice (i.e., unsolicited, generic, and prescriptive recommendations). We show using both vignettes (Study 1) and live interactions (Study 2) that unresponsive advice (vs. responsive questions) from men negatively affected women's self-perceptions, leaving them feeling less respected, powerful, and trusting and having a smaller size of self. The advice giver's gender did not moderate these self-perception outcomes (Study 3), although women anticipated greater stereotype threat only when men, and not when women, gave them unresponsive advice. Similar effects were found using responsive advice instead of questions as the comparison condition (Study 4). Overall, these findings (<i>N</i> = 4,394 U.S. adult women) suggest that it is the unresponsive nature of advice-and for certain outcomes the advice giver's gender-that explain its effects on women. They point to the value of a responsive suggestion or question during conversations, particularly during cross-gender ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1395-1415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Well-Being Costs of Informal Caregiving. 非正规护理的幸福成本。
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241279203
Michael D Krämer, Wiebke Bleidorn
{"title":"The Well-Being Costs of Informal Caregiving.","authors":"Michael D Krämer, Wiebke Bleidorn","doi":"10.1177/09567976241279203","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241279203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How does informal care affect caregivers' well-being? Theories and existing research provide conflicting answers to this question, partly because the temporal processes and conditions under which different aspects of well-being are affected are unknown. Here, we used longitudinal data from Dutch, German, and Australian representative panels (281,884 observations, 28,663 caregivers) to examine theoretically derived hypotheses about changes in caregivers' life satisfaction, affective experiences, depression/anxiety, and loneliness. Overall, results provided evidence for negative well-being effects after the transition into a caregiver role, with more pronounced and longer-lasting well-being losses in women than in men. We further found that well-being losses were larger with more time spent on caregiving, in both men and women. These results were robust across moderators of the caregiving context (care tasks, relationship with care recipient, and full-time employment). Together, the present findings support predictions of stress theory and highlight lingering questions in theoretical frameworks of care-related well-being costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1382-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender Differences in Climbing up the Ladder: Why Experience Closes the Ambition Gender Gap. 攀登高峰时的性别差异：为什么经验会缩小性别之间的野心差距？
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241266778
Kristina A Wald, Mabel Abraham, Brian Pike, Adam D Galinsky
{"title":"Gender Differences in Climbing up the Ladder: Why Experience Closes the Ambition Gender Gap.","authors":"Kristina A Wald, Mabel Abraham, Brian Pike, Adam D Galinsky","doi":"10.1177/09567976241266778","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241266778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women are unequally represented in the highest positions in society. Beyond discrimination and bias, women are missing from the top because they are less likely to pursue high-ranking opportunities. We propose that experience is a critical moderator of gender differences in pursuing leadership opportunities, with low-experience women being particularly unlikely to seek higher level positions. We used field analyses of 96 years of U.S. senator and governor elections to examine male and female politicians' propensity to run for higher political offices. As predicted, among those with little political experience, women were less likely than men to run for higher office, but experience closed this gender gap. A preregistered experiment among U.S.-based adults replicated the field findings and revealed that it was the increased self-confidence of experienced women that reduced the gender gap. The findings suggest experience, and the self-confidence that comes with it, is one lever for closing the gender gap in seeking to climb professional hierarchies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1287-1307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Susceptibility to Attentional Capture by Target-Matching Distractors Predicts High Visual Working Memory Capacity. 易受目标匹配干扰物的注意力捕获影响可预测高视觉工作记忆能力
IF 5.4 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241279520
Chupeng Zhong, Zhe Qu, Nan Yang, Mingze Sun, Yajie Wang, Yulong Ding
{"title":"Susceptibility to Attentional Capture by Target-Matching Distractors Predicts High Visual Working Memory Capacity.","authors":"Chupeng Zhong, Zhe Qu, Nan Yang, Mingze Sun, Yajie Wang, Yulong Ding","doi":"10.1177/09567976241279520","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241279520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent event-related potential (ERP) studies showed that individuals with low visual working memory (VWM) capacity are more susceptible to salience-driven attentional capture than high-capacity individuals are, with the latter being able to proactively suppress salient but irrelevant distractors. However, it remains unclear whether and how contingent attentional capture by distractors that possess a task-relevant (target) feature is related to VWM capacity. Here, we adopted a central focused-attention task that contained peripheral target-matching distractors to investigate this issue (<i>N</i> = 51 adults). Surprisingly, we revealed that target-matching distractors elicited both a larger N2-posterior-contralateral (N2pc) and a larger post-N2pc distractor positivity (P<sub>D</sub>) component in high-capacity individuals than in low-capacity ones, meaning that high-capacity individuals are less able to ignore such distractors initially, though they could call on a stronger reactive suppression mechanism afterward. These findings illustrate that high-capacity individuals are more (rather than less or equally) susceptible to contingent attention capture compared with low-capacity ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1203-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to "A Practical Significance Bias in Laypeople's Evaluation of Scientific Findings". 外行评价科学发现中的实用意义偏差》的更正。
IF 5.4 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241275068
{"title":"Corrigendum to \"A Practical Significance Bias in Laypeople's Evaluation of Scientific Findings\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/09567976241275068","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241275068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1308-1309"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
People Place Larger Bets When Risky Choices Provide a Postbet Option to Cash Out. 当风险选择提供投注后兑现选择时，人们会下更大的赌注。
IF 5.4 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241266516
Daniel Bennett, Lucy Albertella, Laura Forbes, Ty Hayes, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Lukasz Walasek, Elliot A Ludvig
{"title":"People Place Larger Bets When Risky Choices Provide a Postbet Option to Cash Out.","authors":"Daniel Bennett, Lucy Albertella, Laura Forbes, Ty Hayes, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Lukasz Walasek, Elliot A Ludvig","doi":"10.1177/09567976241266516","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241266516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After a risky choice, decision makers must frequently wait out a delay period before the outcome of their choice becomes known. In contemporary sports-betting apps, decision makers can \"cash out\" of their bet during this delay period by accepting a discounted immediate payout. An important open question is how availability of a postchoice cash-out option alters choice. We investigated this question using a novel gambling task that incorporated a cash-out option during the delay between bet and outcome. Across two experiments (<i>N</i> = 240 adults, recruited via Prolific), cash-out availability increased participants' bet amounts by up to 35%. Participants who were more likely to cash out when odds deteriorated were less likely to cash out when odds improved. Furthermore, the effect of cash-out availability on bet amounts was positively correlated with individual differences in cash-out propensity for bets with deteriorating odds only. These results suggest that cash-out availability may promote larger bets by allowing bettors to avoid losing their entire stake.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1231-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Unequal Burden of Obesity: Obesity's Adverse Consequences Are Contingent on Regional Obesity Prevalence. 肥胖带来的不平等负担：肥胖症的不良后果取决于地区肥胖症患病率。
IF 5.4 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241265037
Jana B Berkessel, Tobias Ebert, Jochen E Gebauer, Peter J Rentfrow
{"title":"On the Unequal Burden of Obesity: Obesity's Adverse Consequences Are Contingent on Regional Obesity Prevalence.","authors":"Jana B Berkessel, Tobias Ebert, Jochen E Gebauer, Peter J Rentfrow","doi":"10.1177/09567976241265037","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241265037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity has adverse consequences for those affected. We tested whether the association between obesity and its adverse consequences is reduced in regions in which obesity is prevalent and whether lower weight bias in high-obese regions can account for this reduction. Studies 1 and 2 used data from the United States (<i>N</i> = 2,846,132 adults across 2,546 counties) and United Kingdom (<i>N</i> = 180,615 adults across 380 districts) that assessed obesity's adverse consequences in diverse domains: close relationships, economic outcomes, and health. Both studies revealed that the association between obesity and its adverse consequences is reduced (or absent) in high-obese regions. Study 3 used another large-scale data set (<i>N</i> = 409,837 across 2,928 U.S. counties) and revealed that lower weight bias in high-obese regions seems to account for (i.e., mediate) the reduction in obesity's adverse consequences. Overall, our findings suggest that obesity's adverse consequences are partly social and, thus, not inevitable.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1260-1277"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive Maps for a Non-Euclidean Environment: Path Integration and Spatial Memory on a Sphere. 非欧几里得环境下的认知地图：球面上的路径整合与空间记忆
IF 5.4 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241279291
Misun Kim, Christian F Doeller
{"title":"Cognitive Maps for a Non-Euclidean Environment: Path Integration and Spatial Memory on a Sphere.","authors":"Misun Kim, Christian F Doeller","doi":"10.1177/09567976241279291","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241279291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans build mental models of the world and utilize them for various cognitive tasks. The exact form of cognitive maps is not fully understood, especially for novel and complex environments beyond the flat Euclidean environment. To address this gap, we investigated <i>path integration</i>-a critical process underlying cognitive mapping-and spatial-memory capacity on the spherical (non-Euclidean) and planar (Euclidean) environments in young healthy adults (<i>N</i> = 20) using immersive virtual reality. We observed a strong Euclidean bias during the path-integration task on the spherical surface, even among participants who possessed knowledge of non-Euclidean geometry. Notably, despite this bias, participants demonstrated reasonable navigation ability on the sphere. This observation and simulation suggest that humans navigate nonflat surfaces by constructing locally confined Euclidean maps and flexibly combining them. This insight sheds light on potential neural mechanisms and behavioral strategies for solving complex cognitive tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1217-1230"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Racial Minorities Face Discrimination From Across the Political Spectrum When Seeking to Form Ties on Social Media: Evidence From a Field Experiment. 在社交媒体上寻求建立联系时，少数种族面临来自不同政治光谱的歧视：来自现场实验的证据。
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241274738
Krishnan Nair, Mohsen Mosleh, Maryam Kouchaki
{"title":"Racial Minorities Face Discrimination From Across the Political Spectrum When Seeking to Form Ties on Social Media: Evidence From a Field Experiment.","authors":"Krishnan Nair, Mohsen Mosleh, Maryam Kouchaki","doi":"10.1177/09567976241274738","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241274738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted a preregistered field experiment examining racial discrimination in tie formation on social media. We randomly assigned research accounts varying on race (Black, White) and politics (liberal/Democrat, conservative/Republican, neutral) to follow a politically balanced sample of Twitter (i.e., X) users (<i>N</i> = 5,951) who were unaware they were in a research study. We examined three predictions from the social and political psychology literatures: i) individuals favor White over Black targets, ii) this tendency is stronger for conservatives/Republicans than for liberals/Democrats, and iii) greater discrimination by conservatives/Republicans is explained by the assumption that racial minorities are liberal/Democrat. We found evidence that individuals were less likely to reciprocate social ties with Black accounts than White accounts. However, this tendency was not moderated by individuals' political orientation, shared partisanship, or partisan mismatch. In sum, this work provides field experimental evidence for racial discrimination in tie formation on social media by individuals across political backgrounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1278-1286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consolidation Enhances Sequential Multistep Anticipation but Diminishes Access to Perceptual Features. 巩固可增强顺序多步骤预测能力，但会减少对感知特征的获取。
IF 5.1 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241256617
Hannah Tarder-Stoll, Christopher Baldassano, Mariam Aly
{"title":"Consolidation Enhances Sequential Multistep Anticipation but Diminishes Access to Perceptual Features.","authors":"Hannah Tarder-Stoll, Christopher Baldassano, Mariam Aly","doi":"10.1177/09567976241256617","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241256617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many experiences unfold predictably over time. Memory for these temporal regularities enables anticipation of events multiple steps into the future. Because temporally predictable events repeat over days, weeks, and years, we must maintain-and potentially transform-memories of temporal structure to support adaptive behavior. We explored how individuals build durable models of temporal regularities to guide multistep anticipation. Healthy young adults (Experiment 1: <i>N</i> = 99, age range = 18-40 years; Experiment 2: <i>N</i> = 204, age range = 19-40 years) learned sequences of scene images that were predictable at the category level and contained incidental perceptual details. Individuals then anticipated upcoming scene categories multiple steps into the future, immediately and at a delay. Consolidation increased the efficiency of anticipation, particularly for events further in the future, but diminished access to perceptual features. Further, maintaining a link-based model of the sequence after consolidation improved anticipation accuracy. Consolidation may therefore promote efficient and durable models of temporal structure, thus facilitating anticipation of future events.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1178-1199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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