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Divergent and Convergent Creativity Are Different Kinds of Foraging. 发散型创造力和聚合型创造力是不同类型的觅食。
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241245695
Soran Malaie, Michael J Spivey, Tyler Marghetis
{"title":"Divergent and Convergent Creativity Are Different Kinds of Foraging.","authors":"Soran Malaie, Michael J Spivey, Tyler Marghetis","doi":"10.1177/09567976241245695","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241245695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to accounts of neural reuse and embodied cognition, higher-level cognitive abilities recycle evolutionarily ancient mechanisms for perception and action. Here, building on these accounts, we investigate whether creativity builds on our capacity to forage in space (\"creativity as strategic foraging\"). We report systematic connections between specific forms of creative thinking-divergent and convergent-and corresponding strategies for searching in space. U.S. American adults completed two tasks designed to measure creativity. Before each creativity trial, participants completed an unrelated search of a city map. Between subjects, we manipulated the search pattern, with some participants seeking multiple, dispersed spatial locations and others repeatedly converging on the same location. Participants who searched divergently in space were better at divergent thinking but worse at convergent thinking; this pattern reversed for participants who had converged repeatedly on a single location. These results demonstrate a targeted link between foraging and creativity, thus advancing our understanding of the origins and mechanisms of high-level cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"749-759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preregistered Replication and Extension of "Moral Hypocrisy: Social Groups and the Flexibility of Virtue". 道德虚伪：社会群体与美德的灵活性"。
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241246552
Claire E Robertson, Madison Akles, Jay J Van Bavel
{"title":"Preregistered Replication and Extension of \"Moral Hypocrisy: Social Groups and the Flexibility of Virtue\".","authors":"Claire E Robertson, Madison Akles, Jay J Van Bavel","doi":"10.1177/09567976241246552","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241246552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tendency for people to consider themselves morally good while behaving selfishly is known as moral hypocrisy. Influential work by Valdesolo and DeSteno (2007) found evidence for intergroup moral hypocrisy such that people were more forgiving of transgressions when they were committed by an in-group member than an out-group member. We conducted two experiments to examine moral hypocrisy and group membership in an online paradigm with Prolific workers from the United States: a direct replication of the original work with minimal groups (<i>N</i> = 610; nationally representative) and a conceptual replication with political groups (<i>N</i> = 606; 50% Democrats and 50% Republicans). Although the results did not replicate the original findings, we observed evidence of in-group favoritism in minimal groups and out-group derogation in political groups. The current research finds mixed evidence of intergroup moral hypocrisy and has implications for understanding the contextual dependencies of intergroup bias and partisanship.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"798-813"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neural Signatures of Evidence Accumulation Encode Subjective Perceptual Confidence Independent of Performance. 证据积累的神经特征编码与表现无关的主观感知信心。
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241246561
Wei Dou, Lleymi J Martinez Arango, Olenka Graham Castaneda, Leopoldo Arellano, Emily Mcintyre, Claire Yballa, Jason Samaha
{"title":"Neural Signatures of Evidence Accumulation Encode Subjective Perceptual Confidence Independent of Performance.","authors":"Wei Dou, Lleymi J Martinez Arango, Olenka Graham Castaneda, Leopoldo Arellano, Emily Mcintyre, Claire Yballa, Jason Samaha","doi":"10.1177/09567976241246561","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241246561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Confidence is an adaptive computation when environmental feedback is absent, yet there is little consensus regarding how perceptual confidence is computed in the brain. Difficulty arises because confidence correlates with other factors, such as accuracy, response time (RT), or evidence quality. We investigated whether neural signatures of evidence accumulation during a perceptual choice predict subjective confidence independently of these factors. Using motion stimuli, a central-parietal positive-going electroencephalogram component (CPP) behaves as an accumulating decision variable that predicts evidence quality, RT, accuracy, and confidence (Experiment 1, <i>N</i> = 25 adults). When we psychophysically varied confidence while holding accuracy constant (Experiment 2, <i>N</i> = 25 adults), the CPP still predicted confidence. Statistically controlling for RT, accuracy, and evidence quality (Experiment 3, <i>N</i> = 24 adults), the CPP still explained unique variance in confidence. The results indicate that a predecision neural signature of evidence accumulation, the CPP, encodes subjective perceptual confidence in decision-making independent of task performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"760-779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adolescents' Perceptions of Household Chaos Predict Their Adult Mental Health: A Twin-Difference Longitudinal Cohort Study. 青少年对家庭混乱的看法可预测其成年后的心理健康：双胞胎差分纵向队列研究》。
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241242105
Sophie von Stumm
{"title":"Adolescents' Perceptions of Household Chaos Predict Their Adult Mental Health: A Twin-Difference Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Sophie von Stumm","doi":"10.1177/09567976241242105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241242105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested whether adolescents who perceived less household chaos in their family's home than their same-aged, same-sex sibling achieved more favorable developmental outcomes in young adulthood, independent of parent-reported household chaos and family-level confounding. Data came from 4,732 families from the Twins Early Development Study, a longitudinal, U.K.-population representative cohort study of families with twins born in 1994 through 1996 in England and Wales. Adolescents who reported experiencing greater household chaos than their sibling at the age of 16 years suffered significantly poorer mental-health outcomes at the age of 23 years, independent of family-level confounding. Mental-health predictions from perceived household chaos at earlier ages were not significant, and neither were predictions for other developmental outcomes in young adulthood, including socioeconomic status indicators, sexual risk taking, cannabis use, and conflict with the law. The findings suggest that altering children's subjective perceptions of their rearing environments may help improve their adult mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"736-748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Next Chapter for Psychological Science. 心理科学的下一章
IF 4.8 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231221558
Simine Vazire
{"title":"The Next Chapter for <i>Psychological Science</i>.","authors":"Simine Vazire","doi":"10.1177/09567976231221558","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976231221558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"703-707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drawing Generalizable Conclusions From Multilevel Models: Commentary on 从多层次模型中得出可推广的结论：评论
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241245411
Joshua L. Fiechter
{"title":"Drawing Generalizable Conclusions From Multilevel Models: Commentary on","authors":"Joshua L. Fiechter","doi":"10.1177/09567976241245411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976241245411","url":null,"abstract":"In a recently published article, Van de Calseyde and Efendić (2022) argue that inner-crowd wisdom (i.e., the reduction in error afforded by aggregating two estimates from a given person relative to a single initial estimate from that person) is enhanced when people are instructed to adopt the perspective of someone with whom they disagree prior to making a second estimate. Here, I present a reanalysis of Van de Calseyde and Efendić’s data and argue that evidence supporting their primary claim spuriously arises from anticonservative multilevel models. Specifically, Van de Calseyde and Efendić assess their data via random-intercept models and fail to account for item-level effects of experimental condition. Such an approach generally allows analysts to reap the enhanced statistical power of multilevel models without implementing appropriate checks on that power; in this case, underestimation of item-level variance appears to have driven an illusory benefit of perspective taking.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Misplaced Divides? Discussing Political Disagreement With Strangers Can Be Unexpectedly Positive. 分歧错位？与陌生人讨论政治分歧会产生意想不到的积极效果。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241230005
Kristina A Wald, Michael Kardas, Nicholas Epley
{"title":"Misplaced Divides? Discussing Political Disagreement With Strangers Can Be Unexpectedly Positive.","authors":"Kristina A Wald, Michael Kardas, Nicholas Epley","doi":"10.1177/09567976241230005","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241230005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differences of opinion between people are common in everyday life, but discussing those differences openly in conversation may be unnecessarily rare. We report three experiments (<i>N =</i> 1,264 U.S.-based adults) demonstrating that people's interest in discussing important but potentially divisive topics is guided by their expectations about how positively the conversation will unfold, leaving them more interested in having a conversation with someone who agrees versus disagrees with them. People's expectations about their conversations, however, were systematically miscalibrated such that people underestimated how positive these conversations would be-especially in cases of disagreement. Miscalibrated expectations stemmed from underestimating the degree of common ground that would emerge in conversation and from failing to appreciate the power of social forces in conversation that create social connection. Misunderstanding the outcomes of conversation could lead people to avoid discussing disagreements more often, creating a misplaced barrier to learning, social connection, free inquiry, and free expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"471-488"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distinct Constellations of Common Risk Factors Differentially Relate to Executive-Function Ability in Children. 常见风险因素的不同组合与儿童执行功能能力的关系各不相同。
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241235931
Eliya Ben-Asher, Blaire M Porter, Jessica A Church
{"title":"Distinct Constellations of Common Risk Factors Differentially Relate to Executive-Function Ability in Children.","authors":"Eliya Ben-Asher, Blaire M Porter, Jessica A Church","doi":"10.1177/09567976241235931","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09567976241235931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functioning (EF) has been shown to relate to academic achievement and well-being. Independent bodies of work have aimed to understand what environmental or personal attributes influence EF ability. However, most research has not considered how constellations of risk factors create distinct patterns of influence on EF ability. The current study tested a sample of children aged 9 to 10 years from the United States (<i>N</i> = 10,323, 48.06% female, <i>M<sub>ag</sub></i><sub>e</sub> = 9.9 years, age range = 8.9-11.08 years) using a latent profile analysis (LPA) to detect subgroups that varied in their combinations of various risk factors. Six distinct groups of risk factors for children emerged, which in turn related to different average EF abilities. We found that family socioeconomic measures related to a subgroup having above- or below-average EF ability, but we also found an effect on EF across different risk factors. These results inform our understanding of individual variations in EF ability and highlight the idea that EF interventions should consider risk holistically.</p>","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"489-503"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140185365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do We Become More Lonely With Age? A Coordinated Data Analysis of Nine Longitudinal Studies 随着年龄增长，我们会变得更加孤独吗？九项纵向研究的协调数据分析
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241242037
Eileen K. Graham, Emorie D. Beck, Kathryn Jackson, Tomiko Yoneda, Chloe McGhee, Lily Pieramici, Olivia E. Atherton, Jing Luo, Emily C. Willroth, Andrew Steptoe, Daniel K. Mroczek, Anthony D. Ong
{"title":"Do We Become More Lonely With Age? A Coordinated Data Analysis of Nine Longitudinal Studies","authors":"Eileen K. Graham, Emorie D. Beck, Kathryn Jackson, Tomiko Yoneda, Chloe McGhee, Lily Pieramici, Olivia E. Atherton, Jing Luo, Emily C. Willroth, Andrew Steptoe, Daniel K. Mroczek, Anthony D. Ong","doi":"10.1177/09567976241242037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976241242037","url":null,"abstract":"Loneliness is a pervasive experience with adverse impacts on health and well-being. Despite its significance, notable gaps impede a full understanding of how loneliness changes across the adult life span and what factors influence these changes. To address this, we conducted a coordinated data analysis of nine longitudinal studies encompassing 128,118 participants ages 13 to 103 from over 20 countries. Using harmonized variables and models, we examined loneliness trajectories and predictors. Analyses revealed that loneliness follows a U-shaped curve, decreasing from young adulthood to midlife and increasing in older adulthood. These patterns were consistent across studies. Several baseline factors (i.e., sex, marital status, physical function, education) were linked to loneliness levels, but few moderated the loneliness trajectories. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of loneliness and underscore the need for targeted interventions to reduce social disparities throughout adulthood.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visual Preference for Socially Relevant Spatial Relations in Humans and Monkeys 人类和猴子对社会相关空间关系的视觉偏好
IF 8.2 1区 心理学
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241242995
Nicolas Goupil, Holly Rayson, Émilie Serraille, Alice Massera, Pier Francesco Ferrari, Jean-Rémy Hochmann, Liuba Papeo
{"title":"Visual Preference for Socially Relevant Spatial Relations in Humans and Monkeys","authors":"Nicolas Goupil, Holly Rayson, Émilie Serraille, Alice Massera, Pier Francesco Ferrari, Jean-Rémy Hochmann, Liuba Papeo","doi":"10.1177/09567976241242995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976241242995","url":null,"abstract":"As a powerful social signal, a body, face, or gaze facing toward oneself holds an individual’s attention. We asked whether, going beyond an egocentric stance, facingness between others has a similar effect and why. In a preferential-looking time paradigm, human adults showed spontaneous preference to look at two bodies facing toward (vs. away from) each other (Experiment 1a, N = 24). Moreover, facing dyads were rated higher on social semantic dimensions, showing that facingness adds social value to stimuli (Experiment 1b, N = 138). The same visual preference was found in juvenile macaque monkeys (Experiment 2, N = 21). Finally, on the human development timescale, this preference emerged by 5 years, although young infants by 7 months of age already discriminate visual scenes on the basis of body positioning (Experiment 3, N = 120). We discuss how the preference for facing dyads—shared by human adults, young children, and macaques—can signal a new milestone in social cognition development, supporting processing and learning from third-party social interactions.","PeriodicalId":20745,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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