Chemical Senses最新文献

The role of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in the perception of astringency. TRPA1 和 TRPV1 在涩味感知中的作用。

IF 2.8 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae031

Min Sung Kim, Christopher T Simons

{"title":"The role of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in the perception of astringency.","authors":"Min Sung Kim, Christopher T Simons","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjae031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjae031","url":null,"abstract":"Astringency, commonly described as a drying, roughening, and/or puckering sensation associated with polyphenol-rich foods affects their palatability. While the compounds eliciting astringency are known, its mechanism of action is debated. This study investigated the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels A1 and V1 in astringency perception. If TRP A1 or V1 have a functional role in astringency perception, then desensitizing these receptors should decrease perceived astringency. Thirty-seven panelists underwent unilateral lingual desensitization of TRP A1 and V1 channels using mustard oil and capsaicin, respectively. Panelists then evaluated four astringent stimuli: epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), tannic acid (TA) and potassium alum (Alum), via 2-AFC and intensity ratings. When TRPA1 receptors were desensitized on one half of the tongue via mustard oil, no significant differences were observed between the treated and untreated sides for both 2-AFC and intensity ratings. Similarly, when TRPV1 receptors were desensitized on one half of the tongue via capsaicin, no significant differences were observed between the treated and untreated sides for both 2-AFC and intensity ratings. These findings challenge the notion that TRP channels play a pivotal role in astringency perception.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychometric validity of the sum score of the Sniffin' Sticks-Extended Test. 嗅棒扩展测试总分的心理测量有效性。

IF 2.8 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae032

Eva Tolomeo, Carla Masala, Antonio Aversa, Giancarlo Ottaviano, Flavia Gasperi, Leonardo Menghi, Valentina Parma, Marco Tullio Liuzza

{"title":"Psychometric validity of the sum score of the Sniffin' Sticks-Extended Test.","authors":"Eva Tolomeo, Carla Masala, Antonio Aversa, Giancarlo Ottaviano, Flavia Gasperi, Leonardo Menghi, Valentina Parma, Marco Tullio Liuzza","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjae032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjae032","url":null,"abstract":"A common tool to measure olfactory function is the Sniffin' Sticks Test extended version (SSET). The SSET evaluates olfactory ability by summing the scores of three subtests: Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification. Recent meta-scientific literature revealed that many psychometric instruments currently in use have not been adequately validated, leading to a measurement crisis that raises concerns about the validity of the conclusions drawn with these instruments. Two examples of the measurement crisis are i) the use of sum scores without testing their assumptions (e.g., unidimensionality and tau-equivalence), which indicate that all subtests have the same, stable relationship with their underlying construct, and ii) the lack of assessment of measurement invariance across groups. Here, we aim to investigate the unidimensionality and tau-equivalence assumptions, internal consistency, and measurement invariance of sex and age groups of the SSET. We tested 988 (555 females, mean±SD: 39.75±18.60 years) participants with the Italian version of the SSET. The tau-equivalent model demonstrated excellent fit indices (CFI robust = 1, TLI robust = 1, RMSEA robust = 0, SRMR = .013), which best explain the data, indicating that all subtests are equally important in measuring olfactory function, but not necessarily equally precise. The results also revealed full measurement invariance across age groups and configural, partial metric, and scalar invariance across sexes, indicating that the use of latent means to compare sex groups should be chosen over raw scores. However, the SSET demonstrated moderate internal consistency. Future studies should clarify whether the reliability of the SSET can be increased.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Olfactory receptor neurons are sensitive to stimulus onset asynchrony: Implications for odour source discrimination. 嗅觉受体神经元对刺激起始不同步很敏感：对气味来源辨别的影响。

IF 2.8 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae030

Georg Raiser, C Giovanni Galizia, Paul Szyszka

{"title":"Olfactory receptor neurons are sensitive to stimulus onset asynchrony: Implications for odour source discrimination.","authors":"Georg Raiser, C Giovanni Galizia, Paul Szyszka","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjae030","url":null,"abstract":"In insects, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are localized in sensilla. Within a sensillum, different ORN types are typically co-localized and exhibit non-synaptic reciprocal inhibition through ephaptic coupling. This inhibition is hypothesized to aid odour source discrimination in environments where odor molecules (odorants) are dispersed by wind, resulting in turbulent plumes. Under these conditions, odorants from a single source arrive at the ORNs synchronously, while those from separate sources arrive asynchronously. Ephaptic inhibition is expected to be weaker for asynchronous arriving odorants from separate sources, thereby enhancing their discrimination. Previous studies have focused on ephaptic inhibition of sustained ORN responses to constant odour stimuli. This begs the question of whether ephaptic inhibition also affects transient ORN responses and if this inhibition is modulated by the temporal arrival patterns of different odorants. To address this, we recorded co-localized ORNs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and exposed them to dynamic odorant mixtures. We found reciprocal inhibition, strongly suggesting the presence of ephaptic coupling. This reciprocal inhibition does indeed modulate transient ORN responses and is sensitive to the relative timing of odor stimuli. Notably, the strength of inhibition decreases as the synchrony and correlation between arriving odorants decrease. These results support the hypothesis that ephaptic inhibition aids odour source discrimination.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Gurmarin-like Peptides from Gymnema sylvestre and their Interactions with the Sweet Taste Receptor T1R2/T1R3 来自刺五加的新型古玛素样肽及其与甜味受体 T1R2/T1R3 的相互作用

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae018

Halim Maaroufi

{"title":"Novel Gurmarin-like Peptides from Gymnema sylvestre and their Interactions with the Sweet Taste Receptor T1R2/T1R3","authors":"Halim Maaroufi","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjae018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjae018","url":null,"abstract":"Gymnema sylvestre (GS) is a traditional medicinal plant known for its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Gurmarin (hereafter Gur-1) is the only known active peptide in GS. Gur-1 has a suppressive sweet taste effect in rodents but no or only a very weak effect in humans. Here, eight gurmarin-like peptides (Gur-2 to Gur-9) and their isoforms are reported in the GS transcriptome. The molecular mechanism of sweet taste suppression by Gur-1 is still largely unknown. Therefore, the complete architecture of human and mouse sweet taste receptors T1R2/T1R3 and their interaction with Gur-1 to Gur-9 were predicted by AlphaFold-Multimer (AF-M) and validated. Only Gur-1 and Gur-2 interact with the T1R2/T1R3 receptor. Indeed, Gur-1 and Gur-2 bind to the region of the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and the transmembrane domain (TMD) of the mouse T1R2 subunit. In contrast, only Gur-2 binds to the TMD of the human T1R2 subunit. This result suggests that Gur-2 may have a suppressive sweet taste effect in humans. Furthermore, AF-M predicted that Gα-gustducin, a protein involved in sweet taste transduction, interacts with the intracellular domain of the T1R2 subunit. These results highlight an unexpected diversity of gurmarin-like peptides in GS and provide the complete predicted architecture of the human and mouse sweet taste receptor with the putative binding sites of Gur-1, Gur-2 and Gα-gustducin. In addition, gurmarin-like peptides may serve as promising drug scaffolds for the development of antidiabetic molecules.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How conspecific and allospecific eggs and larvae drive oviposition preference in Drosophila 同种和异种卵及幼虫如何驱动果蝇的产卵偏好

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae012

Rolando D Moreira-Soto, Mohammed A Khallaf, Bill S Hansson, Markus Knaden

引用次数: 0

Astringency and its sub-qualities: A review of astringency mechanisms and methods for measuring saliva lubrication 涩味及其子质量：涩味机理和唾液润滑度测量方法综述

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae016

Shaoyang Wang, Heather E Smyth, Sandra M Olarte Mantilla, Jason R Stokes, Paul A Smith

{"title":"Astringency and its sub-qualities: A review of astringency mechanisms and methods for measuring saliva lubrication","authors":"Shaoyang Wang, Heather E Smyth, Sandra M Olarte Mantilla, Jason R Stokes, Paul A Smith","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjae016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjae016","url":null,"abstract":"Astringency is an important mouthfeel attribute that influences the sensory experiences of many food and beverage products. While salivary lubricity loss and increased oral friction were previously believed to be the only astringency mechanisms, recent research has demonstrated that non-tactile oral receptors can trigger astringency by responding to astringents without mechanical stimulation. Various human factors have also been identified that affect individual responses to astringents. This article presents a critical review of the key research milestones contributing to the current understanding of astringency mechanisms and the instrumental approaches used to quantify perceived astringency intensity. Although various chemical assays or physical measures mimic in-mouth processes involved in astringent mouthfeel, this review highlights how one chemical or physical approach can only provide a single measure of astringency determined by a specific mechanism. Subsequently, using a single measurement to predict astringency perception is overly idealistic. Astringency has not been quantified beyond the loss of saliva lubrication; therefore, non-tactile receptor-based responses must also be explored. An important question remains about whether astringency is a single perception or involves distinct sub-qualities such as pucker, drying, and roughness. Although these sub-quality lexicons have been frequently cited, most studies currently view astringency as a single perception rather than dividing it into sub-qualities and investigating the potentially independent mechanisms of each. Addressing these knowledge gaps should be an important priority for future research.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The trilogy of human musk receptors: Linking receptor activation, genotype and sensory perception 人类麝香受体三部曲：将受体激活、基因型和感觉联系起来

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae015

Roger Emter, Christel Merillat, Sandro Dossenbach, Andreas Natsch

{"title":"The trilogy of human musk receptors: Linking receptor activation, genotype and sensory perception","authors":"Roger Emter, Christel Merillat, Sandro Dossenbach, Andreas Natsch","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjae015","url":null,"abstract":"The scent of musk plays a unique role in the history of perfumery. Musk odorants comprise six diverse chemical classes and perception difference in strength and quality among human panelists have long puzzled the field of olfaction research. Three odorant receptors (OR) had recently been described for musk odorants: OR5AN1, OR1N2 and OR5A2. High functional expression of the difficult-to-express human OR5A2 was achieved by a modification of the C-terminal domain and the link between sensory perception and receptor activation for the trilogy of these receptors and their key genetic variants was investigated: All three receptors detect only musky smelling compounds among 440 commercial fragrance compounds. OR5A2 is the key receptor for the classes of polycyclic and linear musks and for most macrocylic lactones. A single P172L substitution reduces sensitivity of OR5A2 around 50-fold. In parallel, human panelists homozygous for this mutation have an around 40 – 60-fold higher sensory detection threshold for selective OR5A2 ligands. For macrocyclic lactones, OR5A2 could further be proven as the key OR by a strong correlation between in vitro activation and the sensory detection threshold in vivo. OR5AN1 is the dominant receptor for the perception of macrocyclic ketones such as muscone and some nitromusks, as panelists with a mutant OR5A2 are still equally sensitive to these ligands. Finally, OR1N2 appears to be an additional receptor involved in the perception of the natural (E)-ambrettolide. This study for the first time links OR activation to sensory perception and genetic polymorphisms for this unique class of odorants.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An electronic nose can identify humans by the smell of their ear. 电子鼻可通过耳朵的气味识别人类

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad053

Stephanie Brener, Kobi Snitz, Noam Sobel

{"title":"An electronic nose can identify humans by the smell of their ear.","authors":"Stephanie Brener, Kobi Snitz, Noam Sobel","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad053","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial mammals identify conspecifics by body odor. Dogs can also identify humans by body odor, and in some instances, humans can identify other humans by body odor as well. Despite the potential for a powerful biometric tool, smell has not been systematically used for this purpose. A question arising in the application of smell to biometrics is which bodily odor source should we measure. Breath is an obvious candidate, but the associated humidity can challenge many sensing devices. The armpit is also a candidate source, but it is often doused in cosmetics. Here, we test the hypothesis that the ear may provide an effective source for odor-based biometrics. The inside of the ear has relatively constant humidity, cosmetics are not typically applied inside the ear, and critically, ears contain cerumen, a potent source of volatiles. We used an electronic nose to identify 12 individuals within and across days, using samples from the armpit, lower back, and ear. In an identification setting where chance was 8.33% (1 of 12), we found that we could identify a person by the smell of their ear within a day at up to ~87% accuracy (~10 of 12, binomial P < 10-5), and across days at up to ~22% accuracy (~3 of 12, binomial P < 0.012). We conclude that humans can indeed be identified from the smell of their ear, but the results did not imply a consistent advantage over other bodily odor sources.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Give-and-take of gustation: the interplay between gustatory neurons and taste buds. 味觉的取舍：味觉神经元与味蕾之间的相互作用

IF 2.8 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae029

Shannon M Landon, Kimberly Baker, Lindsey J Macpherson

引用次数: 0

Ultrastructural localization of calcium homeostasis modulator 1 in mouse taste buds. 钙稳态调节剂 1 在小鼠味蕾中的超微结构定位

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae019

Rio Ikuta, Yuu Kakinohana, Shun Hamada

{"title":"Ultrastructural localization of calcium homeostasis modulator 1 in mouse taste buds.","authors":"Rio Ikuta, Yuu Kakinohana, Shun Hamada","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjae019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjae019","url":null,"abstract":"Taste receptor cells are morphologically classified as types II and III. Type II cells form a unique type of synapses referred to as channel synapses where calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) together with CALHM3 forms voltage-gated channels that release the neurotransmitter, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). To validate the proposed structural model of channel synapses, the ultrastructural localization of CALHM1 in type II cells of both fungiform and circumvallate taste buds was examined. A monoclonal antibody against CALHM1 was developed and its localization was evaluated via immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using the immunogold-silver labeling technique. CALHM1 was detected as puncta using immunofluorescence and along the presynaptic membrane of channel synapses facing atypical mitochondria, which provide ATP, by immunoelectron microscopy. In addition, it was detected along the plasma membrane lined by subsurface cisternae at sites apposed to afferent nerve fibers. Our results support the validity of a previously proposed structural model for channel synapses and provide insights into the function of subsurface cisternae whose function in taste receptor cells is unknown. We also examined the localization of CALHM1 in hybrid synapses of type III cells, which are conventional chemical synapses accompanied by mitochondria similar to atypical mitochondria of channel synapses. CALHM1 was not detected in the six hybrid synapses examined using immunoelectron microscopy. We further performed double immunolabeling for CALHM1 and Bassoon, which is detected as puncta corresponding to conventional vesicular synapses in type III cells. Our observations suggest that at least some, and probably most, hybrid synapses are not accompanied by CALHM1.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0