Chemical Senses最新文献

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Predominant Qualities Evoked by Quinine, Sucrose, and Capsaicin Associate With PROP Bitterness, but not TAS2R38 Genotype. 奎宁、蔗糖和辣椒素诱发的优势品质与PROP苦味有关,而与TAS2R38基因型无关。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa028
Alissa A Nolden, John E McGeary, John E Hayes
{"title":"Predominant Qualities Evoked by Quinine, Sucrose, and Capsaicin Associate With PROP Bitterness, but not TAS2R38 Genotype.","authors":"Alissa A Nolden,&nbsp;John E McGeary,&nbsp;John E Hayes","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic variability in the ability to taste thiourea compounds has been studied for 80+ years. Over the last 3 decades, many studies have reported perceived intensity of concentrated propylthiouracil (PROP) associates with greater intensity from a broad range of stimuli, including nonbitter tastants, irritants, and retronasally delivered odorants. Thus, PROP phenotype has become a common measure of individual differences in orosensation. Much, but not all, of the phenotypic variation in PROP bitterness is explained by TAS2R38 polymorphisms. While differences in PROP bitterness are clearly due to genetic variation, mechanistically it is challenging to envision how this receptor (narrowly tuned to the N-C=S moiety) relates to overall orosensory response. Here, we report data for 200+ individuals who had been genotyped for TAS2R38 and phenotyped for PROP in a laboratory setting. Participants also reported the intensity of quinine, capsaicin, and sucrose on a general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Our data recapitulate earlier reports associating PROP bitterness with the intensity of the predominant qualities of sucrose, quinine, and capsaicin; however, we also find correlations between the intensities of sucrose, quinine, and capsaicin were much stronger with each other than with PROP. As expected, TAS2R38 diplotype did not associate with the intensity of sucrose, quinine, or capsaicin. The strength of PROP-capsaicin and PROP-sucrose relationships increased after grouping participants by TAS2R38 diplotype, with the greatest increases in association observed within homozygotes. Collectively, this suggests the suprathreshold intensity of PROP is a confounded phenotype that captures both genetic variation specific to N-C=S compounds and overall orosensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 5","pages":"383-390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37914839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IL-1Rahigh-IL-4low-IL-13low: A Novel Plasma Cytokine Signature Associated with Olfactory Dysfunction in Older US Adults. IL-1Rahigh-IL-4low-IL-13low:与美国老年人嗅觉功能障碍有关的新型血浆细胞因子特征。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa029
Eli P Darnell, Kristen E Wroblewski, Kristina L Pagel, David W Kern, Martha K McClintock, Jayant M Pinto
{"title":"IL-1Rahigh-IL-4low-IL-13low: A Novel Plasma Cytokine Signature Associated with Olfactory Dysfunction in Older US Adults.","authors":"Eli P Darnell, Kristen E Wroblewski, Kristina L Pagel, David W Kern, Martha K McClintock, Jayant M Pinto","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation has been implicated in physical frailty, but its role in sensory impairment is unclear. Given that olfactory impairment predicts dementia and mortality, determining the role of the immune system in olfactory dysfunction would provide insights mechanisms of neurosensory decline. We analyzed data from the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, a representative sample of home-dwelling older US adults. Plasma levels of 18 cytokines were measured using standard protocols (Luminex xMAP). Olfactory function was assessed with validated tools (n-butanol sensitivity and odor identification, each via Sniffin' Sticks). We tested the association between cytokine profiles and olfactory function using multivariate ordinal logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, cognitive function, smoking status, and comorbidity. Older adults with the IL-1Rahigh-IL-4low-IL-13low cytokine profile had worse n-butanol odor sensitivity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-2.17) and worse odor identification (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.11-1.80). Proinflammatory, Th1, or Th2 cytokine profiles were not associated with olfactory function. Moreover, accounting for physical frailty did not alter the main findings. In conclusion, we identified a plasma cytokine signature-IL-1Rahigh-IL-4low-IL-13low-that is associated with olfactory dysfunction in older US adults. These data implicate systemic inflammation in age-related olfactory dysfunction and support a role for immune mechanisms in this process, a concept that warrants additional scrutiny.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 5","pages":"407-414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7320218/pdf/bjaa029.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37902101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Masking the Detection of Taste Stimuli in Rats: NaCl and Sucrose. NaCl和蔗糖对大鼠味觉刺激的掩盖作用。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa022
Ginger D Blonde, Alan C Spector
{"title":"Masking the Detection of Taste Stimuli in Rats: NaCl and Sucrose.","authors":"Ginger D Blonde,&nbsp;Alan C Spector","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While psychophysical and neurophysiological assessments of taste sensitivity to single chemical compounds have revealed some fundamental properties of gustatory processing, taste stimuli are rarely ingested in isolation. Arguably, the gustatory system was adapted to identify and report the presence of numerous chemicals ingested concurrently. To begin systematically exploring the detectability of a target stimulus in a background in rodents, we used a gustometer to train rats in a 2-response operant task to detect either NaCl (n = 8) or sucrose (n = 8) dissolved in water, and then tested the sensitivity of rats to the trained NaCl stimulus dissolved in a sucrose masker (0.3, 0.6, or 1.0 M, tested consecutively) versus sucrose, or the trained sucrose stimulus dissolved in a NaCl masker (0.04, 0.2, or 0.4 M) versus NaCl. Detection thresholds (EC50 values) were determined for the target stimulus dissolved in each concentration of the masker. Except for 0.04 M NaCl, all masker concentrations tested increased the target stimulus EC50. Target stimulus detectability decreased systematically as masker concentrations increased. The shift in liminal sensitivity for either target was similar when the threshold for the masker was considered. At least for these prototypical stimuli, it appears that the attenuating impact of a masker on the detection of a target stimulus depends on sensitivity to the masking stimulus. Further study will be required to generalize these results and extend them to more complex maskers, and to discern neural circuits involved in the detection of specific taste signals in the context of noisy backgrounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 5","pages":"359-370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37784496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Are Predator Smell (TMT)-Induced Behavioral Alterations in Rats Able to Inhibit Seizures? 捕食者气味(TMT)诱导的大鼠行为改变能抑制癫痫发作吗?
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa023
Polianna Delfino-Pereira, Poliana Berti Dutra, Jose Antonio Cortes de Oliveira, Izabel Cristina Casanova Turatti, Artur Fernandes, Norberto Peporine Lopes, Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
{"title":"Are Predator Smell (TMT)-Induced Behavioral Alterations in Rats Able to Inhibit Seizures?","authors":"Polianna Delfino-Pereira,&nbsp;Poliana Berti Dutra,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Cortes de Oliveira,&nbsp;Izabel Cristina Casanova Turatti,&nbsp;Artur Fernandes,&nbsp;Norberto Peporine Lopes,&nbsp;Norberto Garcia-Cairasco","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to evaluate the chemical and behavioral effects of 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) after olfactory exposure and to verify their influence in the expression of acute audiogenic seizures in the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain. PROTOCOL 1: TMT gas chromatography was applied to define odor saturation in a chamber to different concentrations, time required for saturation and desaturation, and if saturation was homogeneous. Also, male Adult Wistar rats were exposed to saline (SAL) or to different TMT concentrations and their behaviors were evaluated (neuroethology). PROTOCOL 2: Male adult WARs were exposed for 15 s to SAL or TMT, followed by sound stimulation for 1 min or until tonic-clonic convulsion. Behavioral analysis included latencies (wild running and tonic-clonic convulsion), seizure severity indexes, and neuroethology. Gas chromatography established a saturation homogeneous to different concentrations of TMT, indicating that saturation and desaturation occurred in 30 min. TMT triggered fear-like or aversion-like reactions associated with reduction in motor activity and in grooming behavior, in the 2 highest concentrations. Pure TMT presented anticonvulsant properties, such as less-severe seizure phenotype, as well as a decrease in tonic-clonic convulsion expression. TMT elicited fear-like or aversion-like behaviors in Wistar and WAR and can be utilized in a quantifiable and controllable way. Our results suggested possible antagonism between \"fear-related\" or \"aversion-related\" and \"seizure-related\" networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 5","pages":"347-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37800170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Renewal and Differentiation of GCD Necklace Olfactory Sensory Neurons. GCD颈链嗅觉感觉神经元的更新与分化。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa027
Maria Lissitsyna Bloom, Lucille B Johnston, Sandeep Robert Datta
{"title":"Renewal and Differentiation of GCD Necklace Olfactory Sensory Neurons.","authors":"Maria Lissitsyna Bloom,&nbsp;Lucille B Johnston,&nbsp;Sandeep Robert Datta","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both canonical olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and sensory neurons belonging to the guanylate cyclase D (GCD) \"necklace\" subsystem are housed in the main olfactory epithelium, which is continuously bombarded by toxins, pathogens, and debris from the outside world. Canonical OSNs address this challenge, in part, by undergoing renewal through neurogenesis; however, it is not clear whether GCD OSNs also continuously regenerate and, if so, whether newborn GCD precursors follow a similar developmental trajectory to that taken by canonical OSNs. Here, we demonstrate that GCD OSNs are born throughout adulthood and can persist in the epithelium for several months. Phosphodiesterase 2A is upregulated early in the differentiation process, followed by the sequential downregulation of β-tubulin and the upregulation of CART protein. The GCD and MS4A receptors that confer sensory responses upon GCD neurons are initially expressed midway through this process but become most highly expressed once CART levels are maximal late in GCD OSN development. GCD OSN maturation is accompanied by a horizontal migration of neurons toward the central, curved portions of the cul-de-sac regions where necklace cells are concentrated. These findings demonstrate that-like their canonical counterparts-GCD OSNs undergo continuous renewal and define a GCD-specific developmental trajectory linking neurogenesis, maturation, and migration.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 5","pages":"333-346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37871580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Superior Identification of Component Odors in a Mixture Is Linked to Autistic Traits in Children and Adults. 对混合物中成分气味的优越识别与儿童和成人的自闭症特征有关。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa026
Susannah C Walker, Kate Williams, David J Moore
{"title":"Superior Identification of Component Odors in a Mixture Is Linked to Autistic Traits in Children and Adults.","authors":"Susannah C Walker,&nbsp;Kate Williams,&nbsp;David J Moore","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most familiar odors are complex mixtures of volatile molecules, which the olfactory system automatically synthesizes into a perceptual whole. However, odors are rarely encountered in isolation; thus, the brain must also separate distinct odor objects from complex and variable backgrounds. In vision, autistic traits are associated with superior performance in tasks that require focus on the local features of a perceptual scene. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the same advantage was observed in the analysis of olfactory scenes. To do this, we compared the ability of 1) 40 young adults (aged 16-35) with high (n = 20) and low levels of autistic traits and 2) 20 children (aged 7-11), with (n = 10) and without an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, to identify individual odor objects presented within odor mixtures. First, we used a 4-alternative forced choice task to confirm that both adults and children were able to reliably identify 8 blended fragrances, representing food-related odors, when presented individually. We then used the same forced choice format to test participants' ability to identify the odors when they were combined in either binary or ternary mixtures. Adults with high levels of autistic traits showed superior performance on binary but not ternary mixture trials, whereas children with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis outperformed age-matched neurotypical peers, irrespective of mixture complexity. These findings indicate that the local processing advantages associated with high levels of autistic traits in visual tasks are also apparent in a task requiring analytical processing of odor mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 5","pages":"391-399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37802823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population. 瑞典人群中气味强度估计值与 COVID-19 流行率预测之间的关系。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-22 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034
Behzad Iravani, Artin Arshamian, Aharon Ravia, Eva Mishor, Kobi Snitz, Sagit Shushan, Yehudah Roth, Ofer Perl, Danielle Honigstein, Reut Weissgross, Shiri Karagach, Gernot Ernst, Masako Okamoto, Zachary Mainen, Erminio Monteleone, Caterina Dinnella, Sara Spinelli, Franklin Mariño-Sánchez, Camille Ferdenzi, Monique Smeets, Kazushige Touhara, Moustafa Bensafi, Thomas Hummel, Noam Sobel, Johan N Lundström
{"title":"Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population.","authors":"Behzad Iravani, Artin Arshamian, Aharon Ravia, Eva Mishor, Kobi Snitz, Sagit Shushan, Yehudah Roth, Ofer Perl, Danielle Honigstein, Reut Weissgross, Shiri Karagach, Gernot Ernst, Masako Okamoto, Zachary Mainen, Erminio Monteleone, Caterina Dinnella, Sara Spinelli, Franklin Mariño-Sánchez, Camille Ferdenzi, Monique Smeets, Kazushige Touhara, Moustafa Bensafi, Thomas Hummel, Noam Sobel, Johan N Lundström","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a step-wise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r=-0.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance. These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before wide-spread testing can be facilitated.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37965488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ENaC-Dependent Sodium Chloride Taste Responses in the Regenerated Rat Chorda Tympani Nerve After Lingual Gustatory Deafferentation Depend on the Taste Bud Field Reinnervated. 舌性味觉失传入后大鼠鼓室索神经再生后enuc依赖性氯化钠味觉反应依赖于再神经化的味蕾野。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-21 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa015
Enshe Jiang, Ginger D Blonde, Mircea Garcea, Alan C Spector
{"title":"ENaC-Dependent Sodium Chloride Taste Responses in the Regenerated Rat Chorda Tympani Nerve After Lingual Gustatory Deafferentation Depend on the Taste Bud Field Reinnervated.","authors":"Enshe Jiang,&nbsp;Ginger D Blonde,&nbsp;Mircea Garcea,&nbsp;Alan C Spector","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chorda tympani (CT) nerve is exceptionally responsive to NaCl. Amiloride, an epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) blocker, consistently and significantly decreases the NaCl responsiveness of the CT but not the glossopharyngeal (GL) nerve in the rat. Here, we examined whether amiloride would suppress the NaCl responsiveness of the CT when it cross-reinnervated the posterior tongue (PT). Whole-nerve electrophysiological recording was performed to investigate the response properties of the intact (CTsham), regenerated (CTr), and cross-regenerated (CT-PT) CT in male rats to NaCl mixed with and without amiloride and common taste stimuli. The intact (GLsham) and regenerated (GLr) GL were also examined. The CT responses of the CT-PT group did not differ from those of the GLr and GLsham groups, but did differ from those of the CTr and CTsham groups for some stimuli. Importantly, the responsiveness of the cross-regenerated CT to a series of NaCl concentrations was not suppressed by amiloride treatment, which significantly decreased the response to NaCl in the CTr and CTsham groups and had no effect in the GLr and GLsham groups. This suggests that the cross-regenerated CT adopts the taste response properties of the GL as opposed to those of the regenerated CT or intact CT. This work replicates the 5 decade-old findings of Oakley and importantly extends them by providing compelling evidence that the presence of functional ENaCs, essential for sodium taste recognition in regenerated taste receptor cells, depends on the reinnervated lingual region and not on the reinnervating gustatory nerve, at least in the rat.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 4","pages":"249-259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37722937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Segregated Expression of ENaC Subunits in Taste Cells. ENaC亚基在味觉细胞中的分离表达。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-21 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa004
Kristina Lossow, Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Maik Behrens
{"title":"Segregated Expression of ENaC Subunits in Taste Cells.","authors":"Kristina Lossow,&nbsp;Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer,&nbsp;Wolfgang Meyerhof,&nbsp;Maik Behrens","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salt taste is one of the 5 basic taste qualities. Depending on the concentration, table salt is perceived either as appetitive or aversive, suggesting the contribution of several mechanisms to salt taste, distinguishable by their sensitivity to the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) blocker amiloride. A taste-specific knockout of the α-subunit of the ENaC revealed the relevance of this polypeptide for low-salt transduction, whereas the response to other taste qualities remained normal. The fully functional ENaC is composed of α-, β-, and γ-subunits. In taste tissue, however, the precise constitution of the channel and the cell population responsible for detecting table salt remain uncertain. In order to examine the cells and subunits building the ENaC, we generated mice carrying modified alleles allowing the synthesis of green and red fluorescent proteins in cells expressing the α- and β-subunit, respectively. Fluorescence signals were detected in all types of taste papillae and in taste buds of the soft palate and naso-incisor duct. However, the lingual expression patterns of the reporters differed depending on tongue topography. Additionally, immunohistochemistry for the γ-subunit of the ENaC revealed a lack of overlap between all potential subunits. The data suggest that amiloride-sensitive recognition of table salt is unlikely to depend on the classical ENaCs formed by α-, β-, and γ-subunits and ask for a careful investigation of the channel composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 4","pages":"235-248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37599537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
From the Editor-in-Chief. 来自总编辑。
IF 3.5 4区 心理学
Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-05-21 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa013
Steven D Munger
{"title":"From the Editor-in-Chief.","authors":"Steven D Munger","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 4","pages":"231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37961386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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