Chemical Senses最新文献_第9页

Maturation of the Olfactory Sensory Neuron and Its Cilia. 嗅觉感觉神经元及其纤毛的成熟。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-12-05 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa070

Timothy S McClintock, Naazneen Khan, Chao Xie, Jeffrey R Martens

{"title":"Maturation of the Olfactory Sensory Neuron and Its Cilia.","authors":"Timothy S McClintock, Naazneen Khan, Chao Xie, Jeffrey R Martens","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa070","url":null,"abstract":"Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are bipolar neurons, unusual because they turn over continuously and have a multiciliated dendrite. The extensive changes in gene expression accompanying OSN differentiation in mice are largely known, especially the transcriptional regulators responsible for altering gene expression, revealing much about how differentiation proceeds. Basal progenitor cells of the olfactory epithelium transition into nascent OSNs marked by Cxcr4 expression and the initial extension of basal and apical neurites. Nascent OSNs become immature OSNs within 24-48 h. Immature OSN differentiation requires about a week and at least 2 stages. Early-stage immature OSNs initiate expression of genes encoding key transcriptional regulators and structural proteins necessary for further neuritogenesis. Late-stage immature OSNs begin expressing genes encoding proteins important for energy production and neuronal homeostasis that carry over into mature OSNs. The transition to maturity depends on massive expression of one allele of one odorant receptor gene, and this results in expression of the last 8% of genes expressed by mature OSNs. Many of these genes encode proteins necessary for mature function of axons and synapses or for completing the elaboration of non-motile cilia, which began extending from the newly formed dendritic knobs of immature OSNs. The cilia from adjoining OSNs form a meshwork in the olfactory mucus and are the site of olfactory transduction. Immature OSNs also have a primary cilium, but its role is unknown, unlike the critical role in proliferation and differentiation played by the primary cilium of the olfactory epithelium's horizontal basal cell.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 9","pages":"805-822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9169100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Interactions Between Odorants and Glutathione Transferases in the Human Olfactory Cleft. 气味剂和谷胱甘肽转移酶在人类嗅觉缺陷中的相互作用。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa055

Mathieu Schwartz, Franck Menetrier, Jean-Marie Heydel, Evelyne Chavanne, Philippe Faure, Marc Labrousse, Frédéric Lirussi, Francis Canon, Bengt Mannervik, Loïc Briand, Fabrice Neiers

{"title":"Interactions Between Odorants and Glutathione Transferases in the Human Olfactory Cleft.","authors":"Mathieu Schwartz, Franck Menetrier, Jean-Marie Heydel, Evelyne Chavanne, Philippe Faure, Marc Labrousse, Frédéric Lirussi, Francis Canon, Bengt Mannervik, Loïc Briand, Fabrice Neiers","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa055","url":null,"abstract":"Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and other proteins, including odorant-binding proteins located in the nasal epithelium and mucus, participate in a series of processes modulating the concentration of odorants in the environment of olfactory receptors (ORs) and finely impact odor perception. These enzymes and transporters are thought to participate in odorant degradation or transport. Odorant biotransformation results in 1) changes in the odorant quantity up to their clearance and the termination of signaling and 2) the formation of new odorant stimuli (metabolites). Enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 and glutathione transferases (GSTs), have been proposed to participate in odorant clearance in insects and mammals as odorant metabolizing enzymes. This study aims to explore the function of GSTs in human olfaction. Using immunohistochemical methods, GSTs were found to be localized in human tissues surrounding the olfactory epithelium. Then, the activity of 2 members of the GST family toward odorants was measured using heterologously expressed enzymes. The interactions/reactions with odorants were further characterized using a combination of enzymatic techniques. Furthermore, the structure of the complex between human GSTA1 and the glutathione conjugate of an odorant was determined by X-ray crystallography. Our results strongly suggest the role of human GSTs in the modulation of odorant availability to ORs in the peripheral olfactory process.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 8","pages":"645-654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38286439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

CRISPR/Cas 9-Mediated Mutations as a New Tool for Studying Taste in Honeybees. CRISPR/ cas9介导的突变作为研究蜜蜂味觉的新工具。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa063

Laura Değirmenci, Dietmar Geiger, Fábio Luiz Rogé Ferreira, Alexander Keller, Beate Krischke, Martin Beye, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Ricarda Scheiner

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas 9-Mediated Mutations as a New Tool for Studying Taste in Honeybees.","authors":"Laura Değirmenci, Dietmar Geiger, Fábio Luiz Rogé Ferreira, Alexander Keller, Beate Krischke, Martin Beye, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Ricarda Scheiner","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa063","url":null,"abstract":"Honeybees rely on nectar as their main source of carbohydrates. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose are the main components of plant nectars. Intriguingly, honeybees express only 3 putative sugar receptors (AmGr1, AmGr2, and AmGr3), which is in stark contrast to many other insects and vertebrates. The sugar receptors are only partially characterized. AmGr1 detects different sugars including sucrose and glucose. AmGr2 is assumed to act as a co-receptor only, while AmGr3 is assumedly a fructose receptor. We show that honeybee gustatory receptor AmGr3 is highly specialized for fructose perception when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. When we introduced nonsense mutations to the respective AmGr3 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 in eggs of female workers, the resulting mutants displayed almost a complete loss of responsiveness to fructose. In contrast, responses to sucrose were normal. Nonsense mutations introduced by CRISPR/Cas9 in honeybees can thus induce a measurable behavioral change and serve to characterize the function of taste receptors in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9 is an excellent novel tool for characterizing honeybee taste receptors in vivo. Biophysical receptor characterization in Xenopus oocytes and nonsense mutation of AmGr3 in honeybees unequivocally demonstrate that this receptor is highly specific for fructose.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 8","pages":"655-666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38513294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Ibuprofen, a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, is a Potent Inhibitor of the Human Sweet Taste Receptor. 布洛芬，一种非甾体抗炎药，是人类甜味受体的有效抑制剂。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa057

Tomoya Nakagita, Chiaki Taketani, Masataka Narukawa, Takatsugu Hirokawa, Takuya Kobayashi, Takumi Misaka

{"title":"Ibuprofen, a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, is a Potent Inhibitor of the Human Sweet Taste Receptor.","authors":"Tomoya Nakagita, Chiaki Taketani, Masataka Narukawa, Takatsugu Hirokawa, Takuya Kobayashi, Takumi Misaka","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa057","url":null,"abstract":"A sweet taste receptor is composed of heterodimeric G-protein-coupled receptors T1R2 and T1R3. Although there are many sweet tastants, only a few compounds have been reported as negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), such as lactisole, its structural derivative 2,4-DP, and gymnemic acid. In this study, candidates for NAMs of the sweet taste receptor were explored, focusing on the structural motif of lactisole. Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has an α-methylacetic acid moiety, and this structure is also shared by lactisole and 2,4-DP. When ibuprofen was applied together with 1 mM aspartame to the cells that stably expressed the sweet taste receptor, it inhibited the receptor activity in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value of ibuprofen against the human sweet taste receptor was calculated as approximately 12 μM, and it was almost equal to that of 2,4-DP, which is known as the most potent NAM for the receptor to date. On the other hand, when the inhibitory activities of other profens were examined, naproxen also showed relatively potent NAM activity against the receptor. The results from both mutant analysis for the transmembrane domain (TMD) of T1R3 and docking simulation strongly suggest that ibuprofen and naproxen interact with T1R3-TMD, similar to lactisole and 2,4-DP. However, although 2,4-DP and ibuprofen had almost the same inhibitory activities, these activities were acquired by filling different spaces of the ligand pocket of T1R3-TMD; this knowledge could lead to the rational design of a novel NAM against the sweet taste receptor.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 8","pages":"667-673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38296763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Odor-Mediated Group Organization and Coordination in the Termite-Raiding Ant Megaponera analis (Mayr). 气味介导的蚁群组织与协调(Mayr)。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa058

Abdullahi A Yusuf, Erik T Frank, Ayuka T Fombong, Christian W W Pirk, Robin M Crewe, Thomas Schmitt, Martin Strube-Bloss, Ian Gordon, Baldwyn Torto

{"title":"Odor-Mediated Group Organization and Coordination in the Termite-Raiding Ant Megaponera analis (Mayr).","authors":"Abdullahi A Yusuf, Erik T Frank, Ayuka T Fombong, Christian W W Pirk, Robin M Crewe, Thomas Schmitt, Martin Strube-Bloss, Ian Gordon, Baldwyn Torto","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa058","url":null,"abstract":"Visual and olfactory communications are vital for coordinated group hunting in most animals. To hunt for prey, the group-raiding termite specialist ant Megaponera analis, which lacks good vision, must first confirm the presence or absence of conspecific raiders. Here, we show that M. analis uses olfactory cues for intraspecific communication and showed greater preference for conspecific odors over clean air (blank) or odors from its termite prey. Chemical analysis of ant volatiles identified predominantly short-chained hydrocarbons. Electrophysiological analysis revealed differential sensory detection of the odor compounds, which were confirmed in behavioral olfactometric choice assays with odor bouquets collected from major and minor castes and the 2 most dominant volatiles and n-undecane n-tridecane. A comparative analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbon profile with those of the short-chained odor bouquet of different populations shows a high divergence in the long-chained profile and a much-conserved short-chained odor bouquet. This suggests that there is less selection pressure for divergence and individual recognition in the short- than the long-chained odor profiles. We conclude that olfactory communication serves as an alternative to visual or sound communication, especially during group raids in M. analis when ants are not in direct contact with one another.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 8","pages":"635-644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38328301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct Populations of Amygdala Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons Project to the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract and Parabrachial Nucleus. 不同群体的杏仁核表达生长抑素的神经元投射到孤立束核和臂旁核。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa059

Jane J Bartonjo, Robert F Lundy

{"title":"Distinct Populations of Amygdala Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons Project to the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract and Parabrachial Nucleus.","authors":"Jane J Bartonjo, Robert F Lundy","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa059","url":null,"abstract":"Rostral forebrain structures, such as the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), send projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) and the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) that modulate taste-elicited responses. However, the proportion of forebrain-induced excitatory and inhibitory effects often differs when taste cell recording changes from the NST to the PBN. The present study investigated whether this descending influence might originate from a shared or distinct population of neurons marked by expression of somatostatin (Sst). In Sst-reporter mice, the retrograde tracers' cholera toxin subunit B AlexaFluor-488 and -647 conjugates were injected into the taste-responsive regions of the NST and the ipsilateral PBN. In Sst-cre mice, the cre-dependent retrograde tracers' enhanced yellow fluorescent protein Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and mCherry fluorescent protein HSV were injected into the NST and the ipsilateral PBN. The results showed that ~40% of CeA-to-PBN neurons expressed Sst compared with ~ 23% of CeA-to-NST neurons. For both the CeA Sst-positive and -negative populations, the vast majority projected to the NST or PBN but not both nuclei. Thus, a subset of CeA-to-NST and CeA-to-PBN neurons are marked by Sst expression and are largely distinct from one another. Separate populations of CeA/Sst neurons projecting to the NST and PBN suggest that differential modulation of taste processing might, in part, rely on differences in local brainstem/forebrain synaptic connections.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 8","pages":"687-698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38391792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Mixtures of Sweeteners and Maltodextrin Enhance Flavor and Intake of Alcohol in Adolescent Rats. 甜味剂和麦芽糖糊精的混合物提高青春期大鼠的风味和酒精摄入量。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa056

Alice Sardarian, Sophia Liu, Steven L Youngentob, John I Glendinning

{"title":"Mixtures of Sweeteners and Maltodextrin Enhance Flavor and Intake of Alcohol in Adolescent Rats.","authors":"Alice Sardarian, Sophia Liu, Steven L Youngentob, John I Glendinning","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa056","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet flavorants enhance palatability and intake of alcohol in adolescent humans. We asked whether sweet flavorants have similar effects in adolescent rats. The inherent flavor of ethanol in adolescent rats is thought to consist of an aversive odor, bitter/sweet taste, and burning sensation. In Experiment 1, we compared ingestive responses of adolescent rats to 10% ethanol solutions with or without added flavorants using brief-access lick tests. We used 4 flavorants, which contained mixtures of saccharin and sucrose or saccharin, sucrose, and maltodextrin. The rats approached (and initiated licking from) the flavored ethanol solutions more quickly than they did unflavored ethanol, indicating that the flavorants attenuated the aversive odor of ethanol. The rats also licked at higher rates for the flavored than unflavored ethanol solutions, indicating that the flavorants increased the naso-oral acceptability of ethanol. In Experiment 2, we offered rats chow, water, and a flavored or unflavored ethanol solution every other day for 8 days. The rats consistently consumed substantially more of the flavored ethanol solutions than unflavored ethanol across the 8 days. When we switched the rats from the flavored to unflavored ethanol for 3 days, daily intake of ethanol plummeted. We conclude that sweet and sweet/maltodextrin flavorants promote high daily intake of ethanol in adolescent rats (i.e., 6-10 g/kg) and that they do so in large part by improving the naso-oral sensory attributes of ethanol.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 8","pages":"675-685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38300891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

How Ambient Environment Influences Olfactory Orientation in Search and Rescue Dogs. 环境对搜救犬嗅觉定向的影响。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa060

Judy Jinn, Erin G Connor, Lucia F Jacobs

{"title":"How Ambient Environment Influences Olfactory Orientation in Search and Rescue Dogs.","authors":"Judy Jinn, Erin G Connor, Lucia F Jacobs","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa060","url":null,"abstract":"Under natural conditions, an animal orienting to an air-borne odor plume must contend with the shifting influence of meteorological variables, such as air temperature, humidity, and wind speed, on the location and the detectability of the plume. Despite their importance, the natural statistics of such variables are difficult to reproduce in the laboratory and hence few studies have investigated strategies of olfactory orientation by mobile animals under different meteorological conditions. Using trained search and rescue dogs, we quantified the olfactory orientation behaviors of dogs searching for a trail (aged 1-3 h) of a hidden human subject in a natural landscape, under a range of meteorological conditions. Dogs were highly successful in locating the human target hidden 800 m from the start location (93% success). Humidity and air temperature had a significant effect on search strategy: as air conditions became cooler and more humid, dogs searched significantly closer to the experimental trail. Dogs also modified their speed and head position according to their search location distance from the experimental trail. When close to the trail, dogs searched with their head up and ran quickly but when their search took them farther from the trail, they were more likely to search with their nose to the ground, moving more slowly. This study of a mammalian species responding to localized shifts in ambient conditions lays the foundation for future studies of olfactory orientation, and the development of a highly tractable mammalian species for such research.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 8","pages":"625-634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38388553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Predicting Olfactory Loss In Chronic Rhinosinusitis Using Machine Learning 使用机器学习预测慢性鼻窦炎的嗅觉丧失

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-10-14 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.12.20210500

V. Ramakrishnan, J. Arbet, J. Mace, Krithika Suresh, Stephanie Shintani Smith, Z. Soler, T. Smith

{"title":"Predicting Olfactory Loss In Chronic Rhinosinusitis Using Machine Learning","authors":"V. Ramakrishnan, J. Arbet, J. Mace, Krithika Suresh, Stephanie Shintani Smith, Z. Soler, T. Smith","doi":"10.1101/2020.10.12.20210500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.12.20210500","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Compare machine learning (ML) based predictive analytics methods compared to traditional logistic regression in classification of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS-OD), and identify predictors within a large multi-institutional cohort of refractory CRS patients. Methods Adult CRS patients enrolled in a prospective, multi-institutional, observational cohort study were assessed for baseline CRS-OD using a smell identification test (SIT) or brief SIT (bSIT). Four different ML methods were compared to traditional logistic regression for classification of CRS normosmics versus CRS-OD. Results Data were collected for 611 study participants who met inclusion criteria between April 2011 and July 2015. 34% of enrolled patients demonstrated olfactory loss on objective testing. Differences between CRS normosmics and those with smell loss included objective disease measures (CT and endoscopy scores), age, sex, prior surgeries, socioeconomic status, steroid use, polyp presence, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. Most ML methods outperformed traditional logistic regression in terms of predictive ability. Top predictors include known factors reported in the literature, as well as several socioeconomic factors. Conclusion Olfactory dysfunction is a variable phenomenon within a large multicenter cohort of refractory CRS patients. ML methods outperform traditional logistic regression in classification of normosmia versus smell loss in CRS, and are able to include numerous risk factors into prediction models. These results carry implications for basic science and clinical research in hyposmia secondary to sinonasal disease, the most common cause of persistent olfactory loss in the general population.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89925243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Better Olfactory Performance and Larger Olfactory Bulbs in a Mouse Model of Congenital Blindness. 先天性失明小鼠模型中更好的嗅觉表现和更大的嗅球。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2020-10-09 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa052

Sara Touj, Samie Cloutier, Amel Jemâa, Mathieu Piché, Gilles Bronchti, Syrina Al Aïn

{"title":"Better Olfactory Performance and Larger Olfactory Bulbs in a Mouse Model of Congenital Blindness.","authors":"Sara Touj, Samie Cloutier, Amel Jemâa, Mathieu Piché, Gilles Bronchti, Syrina Al Aïn","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjaa052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa052","url":null,"abstract":"It is well established that early blindness results in enhancement of the remaining nonvisual sensory modalities accompanied by functional and anatomical brain plasticity. While auditory and tactile functions have been largely investigated, the results regarding olfactory functions remained less explored and less consistent. In the present study, we investigated olfactory function in blind mice using 3 tests: the buried food test, the olfactory threshold test, and the olfactory performance test. The results indicated better performance of blind mice in the buried food test and odor performance test while there was no difference in the olfactory threshold test. Using histological measurements, we also investigated if there was anatomical plasticity in the olfactory bulbs (OB), the most salient site for olfactory processing. The results indicated a larger volume of the OB driven by larger glomerular and granular layers in blind mice compared with sighted mice. Structural plasticity in the OB may underlie the enhanced olfactory performance in blind mice.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"45 7","pages":"523-531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/chemse/bjaa052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38249207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6