Chemical Senses最新文献_第9页

Comparing fear and anxiety chemosignals: Do they modulate facial muscle activity and facilitate identifying facial expressions? 比较恐惧和焦虑化学信号:它们是否调节面部肌肉活动并促进识别面部表情?

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad016

Nuno Gomes, Bettina M Pause, Monique A M Smeets, Gün R Semin

{"title":"Comparing fear and anxiety chemosignals: Do they modulate facial muscle activity and facilitate identifying facial expressions?","authors":"Nuno Gomes, Bettina M Pause, Monique A M Smeets, Gün R Semin","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjad016","url":null,"abstract":"Fear and anxiety are the most frequently studied emotional states in chemosignal research. Despite differences between these two emotional states, findings from research using fear and anxiety body odors (BOs) are often treated as part of a similar phenomenon. In this article, we examine possible similarities and differences between participants exposed to fear and anxiety BOs on 2 dependent variables commonly used in chemosignals' research: (1) the activation of facial muscles in displays of fear expressions (i.e. the medial frontalis and the corrugator supercilii); and (2) the time required to discriminate between negative emotional expressions (fear, anger, and disgust) and neutral ones. Our results show that fear (vs. rest) and anxiety (vs. exercise) BOs activate the medial frontalis, suggesting that both have a similar impact on receivers' facial muscles. However, we could not replicate previous findings regarding the influence of fear BOs in discriminating negative emotional faces from neutral ones. Two additional replication attempts failed to replicate the earlier results, indicating that the results reported in the literature with this specific paradigm should be interpreted cautiously. Suggestions for future research examining possible differences between fear and anxiety BOs are advanced.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9679620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Expansive linguistic representations to predict interpretable odor mixture discriminability. 预测可解释气味混合物可分辨性的扩展语言表征。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad018

Amit Dhurandhar, Hongyang Li, Guillermo A Cecchi, Pablo Meyer

{"title":"Expansive linguistic representations to predict interpretable odor mixture discriminability.","authors":"Amit Dhurandhar, Hongyang Li, Guillermo A Cecchi, Pablo Meyer","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad018","url":null,"abstract":"Language is often thought as being poorly adapted to precisely describe or quantify smell and olfactory attributes. In this work, we show that semantic descriptors of odors can be implemented in a model to successfully predict odor mixture discriminability, an olfactory attribute. We achieved this by taking advantage of the structure-to-percept model we previously developed for monomolecular odorants, using chemical descriptors to predict pleasantness, intensity and 19 semantic descriptors such as \"fish,\" \"cold,\" \"burnt,\" \"garlic,\" \"grass,\" and \"sweet\" for odor mixtures, followed by a metric learning to obtain odor mixture discriminability. Through this expansion of the representation of olfactory mixtures, our Semantic model outperforms state of the art methods by taking advantage of the intermediary semantic representations learned from human perception data to enhance and generalize the odor discriminability/similarity predictions. As 10 of the semantic descriptors were selected to predict discriminability/similarity, our approach meets the need of rapidly obtaining interpretable attributes of odor mixtures as illustrated by the difficulty of finding olfactory metamers. More fundamentally, it also shows that language can be used to establish a metric of discriminability in the everyday olfactory space.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paradoxical electro-olfactogram responses in TMEM16B knock-out mice. TMEM16B基因敲除小鼠的反常电心电图反应。

IF 2.8 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad003

Giorgia Guarneri, Simone Pifferi, Michele Dibattista, Johannes Reisert, Anna Menini

引用次数: 0

Neural suppression in odor recognition memory. 气味识别记忆中的神经抑制。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad001

Tom Eek, Fredrik Lundin, Maria Larsson, Paul Hamilton, Charalampos Georgiopoulos

{"title":"Neural suppression in odor recognition memory.","authors":"Tom Eek, Fredrik Lundin, Maria Larsson, Paul Hamilton, Charalampos Georgiopoulos","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjad001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Little is known about the neural basis of lower- and higher-order olfactory functions such as odor memory, compared with other sensory systems. The aim of this study was to explore neural networks and correlates associated with 3 functions: passive smelling (PS), odor encoding (OE), and in particular odor recognition memory (ORM). Twenty-six healthy participants were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging conducted across 3 sessions, one for each function. Independent component analysis revealed a difference between sessions where a distinct ORM component incorporating hippocampus and posterior cingulate showed delayed triggering dissociated from odor stimulation and recognition. By contrasting Hit for ORM (target odors correctly recognized as old) and a combination of PS and detected odors from OE, we found significantly lower activations in amygdala, piriform cortex, insula, thalamus, and the inferior parietal lobule. Region of interest analysis including anterior insula, posterior cingulate gyrus, dentate gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, and piriform cortex demonstrated that Hit were associated with lower activations compared with other memory responses. In summary, our findings suggest that successful recognition of familiar odors (odor familiarity) is associated with neural suppression in the abovementioned regions of interest. Additionally, network including the hippocampus and posterior cingulate is engaged in a postrecognition process. This process may be related to incidental encoding of less familiar and more novel odors (odor novelty) and should be subject for future research.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/a6/bjad001.PMC9940621.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9143332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Palatability profile in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 自发性高血压大鼠适口性特征。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad013

Emilson Donizete Pereira Junior, Laurival A De Luca Junior, José Vanderlei Menani, Carina Aparecida Fabrício Andrade

{"title":"Palatability profile in spontaneously hypertensive rats.","authors":"Emilson Donizete Pereira Junior, Laurival A De Luca Junior, José Vanderlei Menani, Carina Aparecida Fabrício Andrade","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjad013","url":null,"abstract":"The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) have enhanced palatability for NaCl taste as measured by the increased number of hedonic versus aversive responses to intraoral infusion (1 mL/1 min) of 0.3 M NaCl, in a taste reactivity test in euhydrated condition or after 24 h of water deprivation + 2 h of partial rehydration (WD-PR). SHRs also ingested more sucrose than normotensive rats, without differences in quinine hydrochloride intake. Here, we investigated the palatability of SHRs (n = 8-10) and normotensive Holtzman rats (n = 8-10) to sucrose and quinine sulphate infused intraorally in the same conditions that NaCl palatability was increased in SHRs. SHRs had similar number of hedonic responses to 2% sucrose in euhydrated condition (95 ± 19) or after WD-PR (142 ± 25), responses increased when compared with normotensive rats in euhydrated condition (13 ± 3) or after WD-PR (21 ± 6). SHRs also showed increased number of aversive responses to 1.4 mM quinine sulphate compared with normotensive rats, whether in euhydrated condition (86 ± 6, vs. normotensive: 54 ± 7) or after WD-PR (89 ± 9, vs. normotensive: 40 ± 9). The results suggest that similar to NaCl taste, sweet taste responses are increased in SHRs and resistant to challenges in bodily fluid balance. They also showed a more intense aversive response in SHRs to bitter taste compared with normotensives. This suggests that the enhanced response of SHRs to taste rewards does not correspond to a decreased response to a typical aversive taste.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the relationship between liquid- and vapor-phase odorant concentrations using a photoionization detector (PID)-based approach. 利用基于光电离检测器(PID)的方法估计液相和气相气味剂浓度之间的关系。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac038

Liam Jennings, Ellie Williams, Samuel Caton, Marta Avlas, Adam Dewan

{"title":"Estimating the relationship between liquid- and vapor-phase odorant concentrations using a photoionization detector (PID)-based approach.","authors":"Liam Jennings, Ellie Williams, Samuel Caton, Marta Avlas, Adam Dewan","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjac038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjac038","url":null,"abstract":"Olfactory studies frequently utilize odor stimuli consisting of volatiles created from liquid dilutions of various chemicals. A problem arises if the researcher relies on these liquid dilutions to extrapolate vapor concentrations based on ideal gas behavior. For most chemicals, the relationship between liquid and vapor concentration deviates from these laws of proportionality due to interactions between the chemical and the solvent. Here, we describe a method to estimate vapor-phase concentrations of diluted odorants using a photoionization detector. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we assessed the relationship between liquid-/vapor-phase concentrations for 14 odorants (7 alcohols, 1 ester, and 6 aldehydes) in 5 different solvents (water, mineral oil, diethyl phthalate, dipropylene glycol, and propylene glycol). An analysis of 7 additional esters is also included to assess how carbon chain length and functional group, interacts with these solvents (for a total of 105 odorant/solvent pairs). Our resulting equilibrium equations successfully corrected for behavioral sensitivity differences observed in mice tested with the same odorant in different solvents and were overall similar to published measurements using a gas chromatography-based approach. In summary, this method should allow researchers to determine the vapor-phase concentration of diluted odorants and will hopefully assist in more accurate comparisons of odorant concentrations across olfactory studies.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208748/pdf/bjac038.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9521061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Unraveling the universality of chemical fear communication: evidence from behavioral, genetic, and chemical analyses. 揭示化学恐惧交流的普遍性：来自行为、遗传和化学分析的证据。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad046

Jasper H B de Groot, Tobias Haertl, Helene M Loos, Christin Bachmann, Athanasia Kontouli, Monique A M Smeets

{"title":"Unraveling the universality of chemical fear communication: evidence from behavioral, genetic, and chemical analyses.","authors":"Jasper H B de Groot, Tobias Haertl, Helene M Loos, Christin Bachmann, Athanasia Kontouli, Monique A M Smeets","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad046","url":null,"abstract":"Abundant evidence indicates that humans can communicate threat-related information to conspecifics through their body odors. However, prior research has been primarily conducted on Western (WEIRD) samples. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether threat-related information can be transmitted by individuals of East Asian descent who carry a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 538G → A in the ABCC11 gene, which significantly reduces (noticeable) body odor. To examine this, we recruited 18 self-identified male East Asian AA-homozygotes and 18 self-identified male Western individuals who were carriers of the functional G-allele. We collected samples of their fear-related and neutral body odors. Subsequently, we conducted a double-blind behavioral experiment in which we presented these samples to 69 self-identified female participants of Western Caucasian and East Asian backgrounds. The participants were asked to rate faces that were morphed between expressions of fear and disgust. Notably, despite the \"odorless\" phenotypical expression of the ABCC11-mutation in East Asians, their fear odor caused a perceptual fear bias in both East Asian and Caucasian receivers. This finding leaves open the possibility of universal fear chemosignaling. Additionally, we conducted exploratory chemical analysis to gain initial insights into the chemical composition of the body odors presented. In a subsequent pre-registered behavioral study (N = 33), we found that exposure to hexadecanoic acid, an abundant compound in the fear and neutral body odor samples, was sufficient to reproduce the observed behavioral effects. While exploratory, these findings provide insight into how specific chemical components can drive chemical fear communication.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10718800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72013717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrogustometry: validation of bipolar electrode stimulation. 电测法:双极电极刺激的验证。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad009

Toshi Matsuda, Pavana Mysore Ganesh, Robert Brown, Vince Grosso, Richard L Doty

{"title":"Electrogustometry: validation of bipolar electrode stimulation.","authors":"Toshi Matsuda, Pavana Mysore Ganesh, Robert Brown, Vince Grosso, Richard L Doty","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjad009","url":null,"abstract":"Electrogustometry (EGM) is a practical way to test taste. It is typically performed using unipolar electrodes, with the anode on the tongue and the cathode on the hand, forearm, or neck. This results in electric current passing through nontaste tissues and adds a level of impracticality to its clinical application. We compared, using a repeated measures counterbalanced design, anodal thresholds from a unipolar electrode to those of a unique bipolar electrode in which the anode and cathode are contiguously located. Both sides of the anterior tongue were assessed in 70 subjects, as were the effects of age and sex. Nonparametric analyses were performed. The median threshold of the bipolar electrode's central disk (2.49 µA) did not differ from that of the unipolar electrode (2.96 µA) (P = 0.84). On average, older persons exhibited higher thresholds. No significant sex or tongue side effects were evident. Interestingly, when the annular (donut-shaped) bipolar electrode served as the anode, the threshold was higher than that of the other electrodes (5.19 µA; Ps < 0.001). This conceivably reflected lessened summation of activity among adjacent afferents and partial sampling of tongue regions with fewer taste buds. Correlations among all EGM thresholds were nominally higher for women than for men, ranging from 0.83 to 0.85 for women and 0.54 to 0.67 for men; all Ps < 0.001. This study validates the use of a bipolar electrode for assessing taste function, averting movement of current through nontaste-related tissues and making such testing safer and more practical.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9843914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gene expression analyses of TAS1R taste receptors relevant to the treatment of cardiometabolic disease. TAS1R味觉受体与心脏代谢疾病治疗相关的基因表达分析。

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad027

Mariah R Stavrou, Sean Souchiart So, Angela M Finch, Sara Ballouz, Nicola J Smith

{"title":"Gene expression analyses of TAS1R taste receptors relevant to the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.","authors":"Mariah R Stavrou, Sean Souchiart So, Angela M Finch, Sara Ballouz, Nicola J Smith","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad027","url":null,"abstract":"The sweet taste receptor (STR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) responsible for mediating cellular responses to sweet stimuli. Early evidence suggests that elements of the STR signaling system are present beyond the tongue in metabolically active tissues, where it may act as an extraoral glucose sensor. This study aimed to delineate expression of the STR in extraoral tissues using publicly available RNA-sequencing repositories. Gene expression data was mined for all genes implicated in the structure and function of the STR, and control genes including highly expressed metabolic genes in relevant tissues, other GPCRs and effector G proteins with physiological roles in metabolism, and other GPCRs with expression exclusively outside the metabolic tissues. Since the physiological role of the STR in extraoral tissues is likely related to glucose sensing, expression was then examined in diseases related to glucose-sensing impairment such as type 2 diabetes. An aggregate co-expression network was then generated to precisely determine co-expression patterns among the STR genes in these tissues. We found that STR gene expression was negligible in human pancreatic and adipose tissues, and low in intestinal tissue. Genes encoding the STR did not show significant co-expression or connectivity with other functional genes in these tissues. In addition, STR expression was higher in mouse pancreatic and adipose tissues, and equivalent to human in intestinal tissue. Our results suggest that STR expression in mice is not representative of expression in humans, and the receptor is unlikely to be a promising extraoral target in human cardiometabolic disease.","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10294263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the rat chorda tympani nerve response to "super salty" sodium carbonate. 大鼠鼓室神经对 "超咸 "碳酸钠的反应分析

IF 3.5 4区心理学

Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad015

Joseph M Breza, Steven J St John

{"title":"Analysis of the rat chorda tympani nerve response to \"super salty\" sodium carbonate.","authors":"Joseph M Breza, Steven J St John","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bjad015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/chemse/bjad015","url":null,"abstract":"In behavioral experiments, rats perceive sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as super salty. In fact, when the dissociated Na+ ions are accounted for, rats perceive Na2CO3 as 5× saltier than equinormal concentrations of NaCl. The chorda tympani nerve (CT) responds to salts through at least two receptor mechanisms and is a model system for understanding how salt taste is transmitted to the brain. Here, we recorded CT nerve activity to a broad range of NaCl (3-300 mM) and Na2CO3 (3-300 mN) to investigate why Na2CO3 tastes so salty to rats. Benzamil, a specific epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) antagonist, was used to determine the relative contribution of apical ENaCs in Na2CO3 transduction. The benzamil-insensitive component of CT nerve responses was enhanced by increasing the adapted tongue temperature from 23°C to 30°C. Na2CO3 solutions are alkaline, so we compared neural responses (with and without benzamil) to 100 mM NaCl alone (6.2 pH) and at a pH (11.2 pH) that matched 100 mN Na2CO3. As expected, NaCl responses increased progressively with increasing concentration and temperature. Responses to 3 mN Na2CO3 were greater than 3 mM NaCl with and without benzamil, but the shape of the first log-fold range of was relatively flat. Adjusting the pH of NaCl to 11.2 abolished the thermal enhancement of 100 mN NaCl through the benzamil-insensitive pathway. Rinsing Na2CO3 off the tongue resulted in robust aftertaste that was concentration dependent, thermally sensitive, and benzamil-insensitive. Responses to alkaline NaCl did not recapitulate Na2CO3 responses or aftertaste, suggesting multiple transduction mechanisms for the cations (2Na+) and anion (CO3-2).","PeriodicalId":9771,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Senses","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10413316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9974028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0