Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献

Three contextual cues and their influence on naming in children 三种情境线索及其对儿童命名的影响

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70059

Nadine Hempkin, Maithri Sivaraman, Dermot Barnes-Holmes

{"title":"Three contextual cues and their influence on naming in children","authors":"Nadine Hempkin, Maithri Sivaraman, Dermot Barnes-Holmes","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70059","url":null,"abstract":"Children often learn the names of objects incidentally—that is without direct instruction or programmed reinforcement—simply by observing others label novel objects. A number of contextual cues have been deemed important in the development of naming such as orientation toward stimuli, pointing, linguistic prompts (e.g., “This is…”), and contiguous presentations of stimuli and sounds. Despite their significance, there has been almost no systematic investigation of these cues in behavior analysis. The current study preliminarily examines how contextual cues—such as an experimenter's eye gaze, pointing, and use of paralinguistic cues—affect naming responses. In Experiment 1, three typically developing children were administered naming tests with and without these cues using a reversal design. All participants showed improved performance with cues relative to without cues. Experiment 2 extended this by testing three autistic children with all cues, a partial set of cues, or no cues, using a reversal design. Results replicated Experiment 1, also demonstrating that partial cues were effective in facilitating naming. Experiment 3 replicated the results of Experiment 1 with three additional autistic participants during which test trials remained consistent across conditions in a reversal design. Further research on the contextual cues presented during naming experiences is warranted.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the combined effects of renewal and response-dependent reinstatement 评估更新和反应依赖性恢复的综合效果。

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70057

Ryan T. Kimball, Michael P. Kranak, Rodolfo Bernal-Gamboa, A. Matías Gámez, Javier Nieto, Tere A. Mason

{"title":"Evaluating the combined effects of renewal and response-dependent reinstatement","authors":"Ryan T. Kimball, Michael P. Kranak, Rodolfo Bernal-Gamboa, A. Matías Gámez, Javier Nieto, Tere A. Mason","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70057","url":null,"abstract":"Renewal is a form of treatment relapse that occurs due to a change in context but in the absence of a change in contingencies. Recent prevalence data suggest that renewal may commonly occur in clinical settings, threatening the durability of treatments for decreasing problem behavior. Unfortunately, instances of renewal may also coincide with treatment integrity errors of commission in which the treatment implementer accidentally reinforces the problem behavior. Unplanned reinforcer deliveries for the problem behavior following successful treatment may result in a different form of relapse called response-dependent reinstatement. Little is known about the combined effects of renewal and response-dependent reinstatement. The current study compared the effects of renewal alone with the combined effects of renewal plus response-dependent reinstatement in two experiments. We conducted Experiment 1 in a basic laboratory with rats and Experiment 2 in a translational format with college students who engaged with a task on a touchscreen tablet device. Overall, our results suggest that relapse was worse during combined tests for renewal plus response-dependent reinstatement relative to renewal alone. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to the treatment of problem behavior.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transfer of a novel discriminative function across functional stimulus class members in rats 一种新的判别功能在大鼠功能刺激类成员间的转移

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70055

Madeleine G. Mason, Elijah J. Richardson, Cassondra Giarrusso, Skylar M. Murphy, Katherine E. Bruce, Mark Galizio

{"title":"Transfer of a novel discriminative function across functional stimulus class members in rats","authors":"Madeleine G. Mason, Elijah J. Richardson, Cassondra Giarrusso, Skylar M. Murphy, Katherine E. Bruce, Mark Galizio","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70055","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment explored a rodent model of functional class formation by assessing the transfer of a novel discriminative function across class members. Following simple successive discrimination reversal training and consistently strong probe performance indicative of the formation of two six-member functional classes (X1–X6 and Y1–Y6), subjects were trained on a novel discrimination task to respond in the right-side port in the presence of odor X1 and in the left-side port in the presence of Y1. When rats demonstrated high accuracy on the left–right (LR) task as well as maintenance of the functional classes, LR probe sessions were conducted in which X2 or Y2 were presented on some trials as nonreinforced probes to test for transfer of the novel function (left or right responding). The LR probe sessions were conducted in this fashion for each pair of X and Y stimuli that had never been directly trained in the LR discrimination procedure. Transfer of the novel function was observed in five out of six subjects on the initial probe session, but only two rats showed consistent transfer across subsequent probes. The results offer preliminary evidence for transfer of novel function in rats and support further investigation using a similar approach.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does e-cigarette nicotine strength influence substitution for combustible cigarettes? 电子烟的尼古丁强度是否会影响可燃香烟的替代品？

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70056

Jeffrey S. Stein, Allison N. Tegge, Jeremiah M. Brown, Kelsey M. Curran, Warren K. Bickel

{"title":"Does e-cigarette nicotine strength influence substitution for combustible cigarettes?","authors":"Jeffrey S. Stein, Allison N. Tegge, Jeremiah M. Brown, Kelsey M. Curran, Warren K. Bickel","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70056","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace, we examined the effects of e-liquid freebase nicotine strength (3–24 mg/mL) and e-liquid price (US$0.25–$1.00/mL) on behavioral economic substitution for cigarettes in dual cigarette/e-cigarette (n = 41) and exclusive cigarette (n = 40) users. Subjective effects of nicotine strength were also examined. All nicotine strengths served as a substitute for combustible cigarettes, with greater substitution observed in dual users. When analyzing e-liquid volume purchased (mL), nicotine strength did not influence substitution; however, when analyzing e-liquid nicotine purchased (mg), degree of substitution increased as a function of nicotine strength. Additionally, higher nicotine strengths reduced the volume and probability of e-liquid purchasing, increased cigarette demand, and produced less favorable subjective effects than lower strengths. Increasing e-liquid price reduced e-liquid purchasing and did not influence substitution. We conclude that nicotine strength does not robustly affect the degree to which e-liquid substitutes for cigarettes, as no effect was observed in analysis of the unit of purchase most relevant to real-world sales (volume). Instead, high-strength nicotine potentially reduces the appeal and probability of purchasing e-liquid. Future work should examine these effects in nicotine salt-based e-liquids compared with freebase nicotine (used here) and in choice contexts with concurrent access to different nicotine strengths.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sources of Stimulus Control in Tests for Emergent Stimulus Relations 紧急刺激关系测试中刺激控制的来源

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70050

Reagan E. McGee, Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir, Cullen Westerfield, Ethan Rohm, Eliana M. Buss

{"title":"Sources of Stimulus Control in Tests for Emergent Stimulus Relations","authors":"Reagan E. McGee, Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir, Cullen Westerfield, Ethan Rohm, Eliana M. Buss","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70050","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interfering with verbal and visual mediation in groups that received different training sequences in the intraverbal naming task. Experiment 1 examined the effects of disrupting verbal mediation during the image-matching test. Participants were assigned to one of four groups. Two groups received tact instruction prior to intraverbal instruction (TI groups) and the other two received the opposite training sequence (IT groups). One TI and one IT group were instructed to engage in a task intended to disrupt verbal mediation during test. The disruption task did not differentially affect the groups based on instruction sequence. Experiment 2 examined the effects of disrupting visual imagery during intraverbal training. Participants were assigned to one of four groups, two TI and two IT. One TI and one IT group were instructed to engage in a task intended to disrupt visualization during intraverbal training. This disruption task differentially affected response speed during test for the IT group. Results indicate that verbal behavior at test may contribute to correct responding yet also point to the availability of an additional source of stimulus control when names are acquired prior to intraverbal training.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The extinction burst: Effects of alternative reinforcement magnitude 消光爆发：不同强化强度的影响

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70045

Timothy A. Shahan, Matias Avellaneda

{"title":"The extinction burst: Effects of alternative reinforcement magnitude","authors":"Timothy A. Shahan, Matias Avellaneda","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70045","url":null,"abstract":"Discontinuing reinforcement for an operant behavior sometimes produces a transient increase in responding (i.e., an extinction burst). A matching-law-based quantitative model posits that the extinction burst results from the elimination of competition from reinforcement-related behavior with the onset of extinction. Consistent with this suggestion, retrospective case reviews in applied settings suggest reduced prevalence of the extinction burst when alternative reinforcement is available, but there has been no relevant prospective research. The present experiment used rats and methods approximating conditions in applied settings to examine the effects of alternative reinforcement magnitude on the extinction burst. Lever pressing in baseline produced a one-pellet reinforcer on a variable-interval 1.5-s schedule before a within-session transition to extinction that included no alternative reinforcement, one pellet, or six pellets of alternative reinforcement. A robust extinction burst was obtained when no alternative reinforcement was available, but the prevalence and magnitude of the extinction burst was reduced with an alternative reinforcer available, more so with the larger alternative reinforcer. The data were well described by the model. Similar prospective studies directly examining related effects in basic and applied settings could strengthen the empirical basis of current practice and further evaluate the utility of the present theoretical approach.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Select and reject conditional control on matching to sample and stimulus equivalence 选择和拒绝对样本匹配和刺激等效的条件控制

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70051

Elberto A. Plazas, Juan Carlos Forigua

{"title":"Select and reject conditional control on matching to sample and stimulus equivalence","authors":"Elberto A. Plazas, Juan Carlos Forigua","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70051","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to test Carrigan and Sidman's (1992) hypothesis that the emergence of equivalence relations from the standard matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure is due to the exclusive acquisition of select conditional relations during training. Four groups were compared on tests of the properties of equivalence relations (reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity/equivalence) and on trials with novel stimuli replacing S+ or S− on these tests: standard MTS training; exclusive-select-relations training; exclusive-reject-relations training; and detached-MTS training, which included training on both select and reject relations. Equivalence emergence occurred more frequently in the detached-MTS group. Those in the standard-MTS group who showed equivalence emergence had test results with novel stimuli that were more similar to those in the detached-MTS group than to those in the exclusive-select group. The results suggest that compliance with the criteria for equivalence relations may mask at least two different processes. The first is pseudoequivalence, which is associated with exclusive select control. The second is the authentic formation of equivalence classes, which depends on joint select and reject control. The standard-MTS procedure seems to more frequently promote the second process.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rule following as choice: The role of reinforcement rate and rule accuracy on rule-following behavior 作为选择的规则遵循：强化率和规则准确性对规则遵循行为的作用

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70048

David Ruiz, Adam Fox, Raúl Narayanam Rodriguez

{"title":"Rule following as choice: The role of reinforcement rate and rule accuracy on rule-following behavior","authors":"David Ruiz, Adam Fox, Raúl Narayanam Rodriguez","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70048","url":null,"abstract":"Rules can control the listener's behavior, yet few studies have examined variables that quantitatively determine the extent of this control relative to other rules and contingencies. To explore these variables, we employed a novel procedure that required a choice between rules. Participants clicked two buttons on a computer screen to earn points exchangeable for money. During training, participants were exposed to rules from two simulated individuals. Rule compliance was measured using free-operant choice periods. In the test phase, both simulated individuals appeared simultaneously, providing different rules, followed by a free-operant period of extinction to assess participants' preferences. Experiment 1 varied the reinforcement rate associated with each rule provider, showing that participants systematically preferred the rule provider with the highest reinforcement rate. In the control condition without rules, participants' preferences tended toward indifference. Experiment 2 varied rule accuracy. This time, participants' preferences favored the icon correlated with accurate rules. However, preferences were not exclusive to the alternatives instructed by this rule provider and tended to match the reinforcement rate obtained for this rule provider during training. These findings suggest that rule-following behavior is a form of choice governed by the relative distribution of reinforcement available in the listener's environment.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceived reward certainty in the assessment of delay discounting 延迟折扣评估中的感知奖励确定性

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70044

Haylee Downey, Alicia Alvarez, Wenyan Ji, Alicia Lozano, Alexandra Hanlon, Jeffrey S. Stein

{"title":"Perceived reward certainty in the assessment of delay discounting","authors":"Haylee Downey, Alicia Alvarez, Wenyan Ji, Alicia Lozano, Alexandra Hanlon, Jeffrey S. Stein","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70044","url":null,"abstract":"Reward delays are often associated with reduced probability of reward, although standard assessments of delay discounting do not specify degree of reward certainty. Thus, the extent to which estimates of delay discounting are influenced by uncontrolled variance in perceived reward certainty remains unclear. Here we examine 370 participants who were randomly assigned to complete a delay discounting task when reward certainty was either unspecified (n=184) or specified as 100% (n = 186) in the task trials and task instructions. We examined potential group differences in (a) perceived reward certainty across a range of delays, (b) delay discounting, and (c) associations between perceived reward certainty and delay discounting. Delay significantly reduced perceived reward certainty in both groups, although delay did not significantly interact with group to affect perceived certainty. Despite higher perceived reward certainty in the specified group, no significant group difference in delay discounting was observed. Higher perceived reward certainty was associated with lower delay discounting in both groups. However, we found no evidence that specifying reward certainty influences estimates of delay discounting. Future research should examine whether perceived reward certainty moderates associations between delay discounting and health behavior and whether perceived reward certainty is impacted by interventions that change delay discounting.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polydrug abuse: Choice between drugs as a function of concurrent nonindependent ratio sizes 多种药物滥用：药物之间的选择作为并发非独立比率大小的函数

IF 1.9 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70054

Richard A. Meisch, Thomas H. Gomez, Scott D. Lane

{"title":"Polydrug abuse: Choice between drugs as a function of concurrent nonindependent ratio sizes","authors":"Richard A. Meisch, Thomas H. Gomez, Scott D. Lane","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70054","url":null,"abstract":"Polydrug abuse is the persistent self-administration of more than one reinforcing drug. The present study provided rhesus monkeys concurrent access to two drugs: 8% alcohol and solutions of either cocaine or methadone. The liquids were available under concurrent nonindependent fixed-ratio (FR) schedules across increasing and then decreasing ratio sizes. These schedules generate high rates of changeover responses and yield a dependent variable of responses per delivery that is not rigidly tied to the ratio-schedule value. The programmed schedule size was equal for both liquids and increased in the sequence 8, 16, 32, and so on until responding decreased, whereupon the schedule size was decreased in reversed order to the original steps. Eight percent alcohol was strongly preferred at the nonindependent FR 8 FR 8 baseline. As schedule size increased, intake of the 8% alcohol solution decreased and intake of the alternative liquid increased. Consumption of the alternative liquid generally remained elevated over initial values when schedule size decreased. The data can be analyzed in several ways, including consumption as a function of price (behavioral economics) and log of relative response rates as a function of log of relative deliveries (matching), thereby providing an interface between behavioral economics and matching analyses.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"124 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0