Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献

Influence of amount and delay of reward on choice and response rate: A free‐operant, multiple‐schedule analogue of a discrete‐trial procedure 奖励金额和延迟对选择和反应率的影响：离散试验程序的自由操作、多计划模拟法

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4213

James E. Wright, Phil Reed

{"title":"Influence of amount and delay of reward on choice and response rate: A free‐operant, multiple‐schedule analogue of a discrete‐trial procedure","authors":"James E. Wright, Phil Reed","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.4213","url":null,"abstract":"The current study explored a free‐operant analogue of discrete‐trial procedures to study the effects of amount and delay of reinforcement on choice and response rate. Rats responded on a multiple variable‐interval (VI) 45‐s, 45‐s schedule, with interspersed choice probe trials. Comparison of relative response rates and percentage of choice revealed some discrepancies between the free‐operant analogue and discrete‐trial procedures. Amount of reward controlled choice behavior when the ratios of delays were similar. When reward delays were more discrepant, delay length controlled choice behavior. Whereas the percentage of choice was larger for the larger magnitude reward, the relative rate of response for the larger magnitude was less than .50. In contrast, when the percentage of choice generally fell to below 50% (with large amount and large delay differences between alternatives), relative response rate indicated a preference for the larger amount alternative. This study shows the feasibility and utility of a free‐operant analogue of discrete‐choice studies that could be used to develop an analysis of preference.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the suitability of cannabis use with next‐day responsibilities: A behavioral‐economic and qualitative study 探索使用大麻与次日责任的适宜性：行为经济学和定性研究

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4209

Brandon P. Miller, Kianna Csölle, Christina Chen, Anna Lester, Sarah C. Weinsztok, Elizabeth R. Aston, Michael Amlung

{"title":"Exploring the suitability of cannabis use with next‐day responsibilities: A behavioral‐economic and qualitative study","authors":"Brandon P. Miller, Kianna Csölle, Christina Chen, Anna Lester, Sarah C. Weinsztok, Elizabeth R. Aston, Michael Amlung","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.4209","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis demand is sensitive to next‐day responsibilities, such as job interviews; however, it is unclear how demand is affected by non‐work‐related responsibilities and how reported compatibility of cannabis use (i.e., how suitable one perceives cannabis use to be in a situation) influences demand. This study examined the effects of a range of responsibilities on cannabis demand in a crowdsourced sample of adults who smoked cannabis at least monthly (n = 177; 78% White; 47% women; mean age = 36.52). Participants completed hypothetical marijuana purchase tasks asking how much cannabis they would consume at escalating prices in the context of no responsibilities and next‐day responsibilities spanning work, leisure, and caregiving. Cannabis demand was significantly reduced in all responsibility conditions (ps < .008; ds .28–.94), with the largest reductions for the job interview and caring‐for‐kids conditions. Higher ratings of suitability of cannabis use in each situation were correlated with higher demand. Finally, a qualitative thematic analysis characterized why cannabis use was considered suitable or unsuitable with each responsibility. These results suggest that demand is sensitive to next‐day responsibilities. However, these effects are not uniform, and future research is needed to examine these individual differences and the timing of upcoming responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Willingness to wait outperforms delay discounting in predicting drinking severity 在预测酗酒严重程度方面，等待意愿优于延迟贴现

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4210

Pazia Miller, Joseph W. Kable, Karolina M. Lempert

{"title":"Willingness to wait outperforms delay discounting in predicting drinking severity","authors":"Pazia Miller, Joseph W. Kable, Karolina M. Lempert","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.4210","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol misuse ranks among the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. Therefore, discovering measures that can predict hazardous drinking is critical. The delay discounting paradigm—which assesses relative preference for immediate rewards over larger, later rewards—has frequently been used as a proxy for impulsive choice, but it does not capture how long someone is willing to wait for delayed rewards when the arrival time is uncertain. In contrast, a newer willingness‐to‐wait task measures how long someone is willing to wait for a delayed reward of uncertain timing before giving up. We hypothesized that performance in this willingness‐to‐wait task would be associated with drinking severity and that this task may even outperform delay discounting as a predictor of drinking severity. We pooled data from multiple studies of mostly college‐aged adult participants. Drinking severity was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Willingness to wait under temporal uncertainty, but not delay discounting, was associated with severity of alcohol problems among participants who drank (n = 212). Individuals engaging in hazardous drinking were less willing to wait for rewards when delays were unknown than were individuals with low‐risk drinking habits. Thus, willingness to wait under temporal uncertainty may be an important predictor of problematic drinking.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of intraverbal bidirectional naming in the establishment of comparative relations 言内双向命名在建立比较关系中的作用。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4207

Shannon M. Luoma, Caio F. Miguel, Danielle L. LaFrance, Vanessa N. Lee

{"title":"The role of intraverbal bidirectional naming in the establishment of comparative relations","authors":"Shannon M. Luoma, Caio F. Miguel, Danielle L. LaFrance, Vanessa N. Lee","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4207","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4207","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study was to extend the research on the possible role of verbal mediation in the establishment of comparative relations. We conducted four experiments in which 14 participants received conditional discrimination training with nonarbitrary and arbitrary stimuli, followed by derived comparative and transformation of function tests. Participants learned to select the smallest or biggest comparison across multiple exemplars in the presence of abstract samples. Next, participants learned to select arbitrary comparisons in the presence of contextual cues to establish a size ranking among comparisons. To assess verbal mediation during mutual and combinatorial entailment tests, participants were instructed to talk out loud. When they failed to perform correctly during derived relations tests, participants were trained to tact and intraverbally relate stimuli. The results suggest that relational training alone was not sufficient to establish comparative relations and that adult participants engaged in problem solving consistent with intraverbal bidirectional naming during emergent relations tests.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A parametric manipulation and meta-analysis of target-response punishment on resurgence 目标反应惩罚对复发的参数操纵和荟萃分析。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4206

Carla N. Martinez-Perez, Carolyn M. Ritchey, Megan E. Gregory, Toshikazu Kuroda, Nicholas A. Gage, Christopher A. Podlesnik

{"title":"A parametric manipulation and meta-analysis of target-response punishment on resurgence","authors":"Carla N. Martinez-Perez, Carolyn M. Ritchey, Megan E. Gregory, Toshikazu Kuroda, Nicholas A. Gage, Christopher A. Podlesnik","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4206","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4206","url":null,"abstract":"Resurgence can be defined as increases in previously reinforced and subsequently extinguished target responding when conditions for an alternative response worsen. Worsening of alternative conditions, such as extinction, has been linked to relapse of clinically relevant behavior. Preclinical researchers have evaluated whether punishing target responses while differentially reinforcing an alternative response could reduce resurgence when conditions are worsened with extinction, with mixed results. In the present investigation, we systematically replicated this line of research with human participants recruited via crowdsourcing, using response cost as punishment. During Phase 1, we reinforced target responses with 100 points per delivery, exchangeable for money. During Phase 2, we reinforced alternative responses, discontinued point reinforcement for target responses, and parametrically manipulated across groups the magnitude of point loss (1, 100, 320, or 1,000 points) contingent on target responses. During Phase 3, we tested for resurgence by extinguishing target and alternative responses. Added punishment systematically decreased target responding during Phase 2 but did not influence resurgence during Phase 3. With a meta-analysis, we compared our findings with existing research examining a range of punishers and species. The results of the meta-analysis comport with the present findings, suggesting that the inclusion of punishment reduces target responding during DRA but, overall, has no systematic effects on resurgence.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tactics of just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive scientific research 公正、公平、多样和包容的科学研究策略。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4201

Elizabeth G. E. Kyonka, Shrinidhi Subramaniam

{"title":"Tactics of just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive scientific research","authors":"Elizabeth G. E. Kyonka, Shrinidhi Subramaniam","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4201","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4201","url":null,"abstract":"The principles of social justice, equity, diversity, inclusion (JEDI) have received increasing attention in behavior analysis circles, but the conversation has largely centered on implications for applied behavior analysis practice and research. It may be less clear to researchers who conduct basic and translational research how JEDI principles can inform and inspire their work. This article synthesizes publications from behavior analysis and other scientific fields about tactics of JEDI-informed research. We organized this scholarship across five stages of research from developing the research question to sharing findings and curated sources for an audience of behavioral science researchers. We discuss reflexive practice, representation, belongingness, participatory research, quantitative critical theory, and open science, among other topics. Some researchers may have already adopted some of the practices outlined, some may begin new practices, and some may choose to conduct experimental analyses of JEDI problems. Our hope is that those actions will be reinforced by the behavior analysis scientific community. We conclude by encouraging the leadership of this journal to continue to work toward the structural changes necessary to make the experimental analysis of behavior just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

R2 should not be used to describe behavioral-economic discounting and demand models R2 不应用于描述行为经济贴现和需求模型。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4200

Brett W. Gelino, Justin C. Strickland, Matthew W. Johnson

{"title":"R2 should not be used to describe behavioral-economic discounting and demand models","authors":"Brett W. Gelino, Justin C. Strickland, Matthew W. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4200","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4200","url":null,"abstract":"Literature concerning operant behavioral economics shows a strong preference for the coefficient of determination (R2) metric to (a) describe how well an applied model accounts for variance and (b) depict the quality of collected data. Yet R2 is incompatible with nonlinear modeling. In this report, we provide an updated discussion of the concerns with R2. We first review recent articles that have been published in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior that employ nonlinear models, noting recent trends in goodness-of-fit reporting, including the continued reliance on R2. We then examine the tendency for these metrics to bias against linear-like patterns via a positive correlation between goodness of fit and the primary outputs of behavioral-economic modeling. Mathematically, R2 is systematically more stringent for lower values for discounting parameters (e.g., k) in discounting studies and lower values for the elasticity parameter (α) in demand analysis. The study results suggest there may be heterogeneity in how this bias emerges in data sets of varied composition and origin. There are limitations when using any goodness-of-fit measure to assess the systematic nature of data in behavioral-economic studies, and to address those we recommend the use of algorithms that test fundamental expectations of the data.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Meeting of minds: Skinner and Michotte at the International Congress of Psychology, Stockholm, 1951. 思想的碰撞：斯金纳和米科特在国际心理学大会上，斯德哥尔摩，1951 年。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4208

John H Wearden

引用次数: 0

Effects of instructed visual imagining on emergent conditional discriminations 指令性视觉想象对新兴条件辨别的影响

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4205

Reagan E. McGee, Camille R. Roberts, Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir

引用次数: 0

A mediational theory of equivalence relations and transformation of function 等价关系和功能转换的中介理论。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4204

Henry D. Schlinger Jr., Elbert Blakely

{"title":"A mediational theory of equivalence relations and transformation of function","authors":"Henry D. Schlinger Jr., Elbert Blakely","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4204","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we describe a mediational theory of emergent or derived relations resulting from matching-to-sample procedures that produce equivalence and transformation of function. According to a mediational theory, behaviors that occur at the time of reinforcement mediate subsequent behavioral relations referred to as “derived” or “emergent.” Such relations have been documented for decades in studies using mostly matching-to-sample procedures with humans and nonhumans. In both verbal human and nonhuman participants, the mediating behaviors consist of differential responding to the sample stimulus. In humans, such behaviors are mostly, but not necessarily, verbal; in nonhumans they include a variety of sample-specific responses, sometimes called “coding.” The proposed mediational theory, based only on the four-term contingency and the basic principles of operant learning, makes specific predictions and explains results from a broad range of experiments. There are at least three important implications of a mediational theory. First, if by “derived” or “emergent” one means untrained or unreinforced, then derived relations may not exist. Second, if there are no derived relations, then theories of such relations may not be necessary. Third, a mediational theory of relational responding has potentially important implications for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.4204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0