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Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献

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A broken thread: A review of Pavlov's Legacy: How and What Animals Learn. By Robert A. Boakes 一根断线评《巴甫洛夫的遗产：动物如何学习以及学习什么》。作者：罗伯特-A-博克斯
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4203
John Staddon
{"title":"A broken thread: A review of Pavlov's Legacy: How and What Animals Learn. By Robert A. Boakes","authors":"John Staddon","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4203","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesized alternative reinforcement and resurgence 合成替代强化和复活。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4202
Sean W. Smith, Beatriz E. Arroyo Antúnez, Jacqueline DeBartelo, William E. Sullivan, Henry S. Roane, Andrew R. Craig
{"title":"Synthesized alternative reinforcement and resurgence","authors":"Sean W. Smith,&nbsp;Beatriz E. Arroyo Antúnez,&nbsp;Jacqueline DeBartelo,&nbsp;William E. Sullivan,&nbsp;Henry S. Roane,&nbsp;Andrew R. Craig","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4202","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In treatments based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, applied researchers and clinicians often provide multiple, qualitatively different reinforcers (i.e., synthesized reinforcement) rather than a single reinforcer (i.e., isolated reinforcement) contingent on alternative behavior. Some research shows that providing synthesized reinforcement for alternative responses within such treatments produces more rapid and complete suppression of target behavior; however, there is limited research evaluating the durability of these effects during treatment disruptions. Conceptual explanations of resurgence (e.g., resurgence as choice, context theory) suggest that treatments that include synthesized alternative reinforcement may lead to more resurgence of target behavior when alternative reinforcement is disrupted relative to treatments using isolated reinforcement. We evaluated this hypothesis within a three-phase resurgence evaluation. We exposed rats to isolated or synthesized reinforcement for alternative responding in the second phase, and we exposed rats to extinction in the third phase. Synthesized alternative reinforcement produced more rapid and complete suppression of target behavior than did isolated reinforcement in the second phase; however, exposure to extinction following synthesized reinforcement produced more resurgence. We discuss these results in terms of their implications for applied research and their support for current conceptual explanations for resurgence.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Individual differences in the discounting of combination outcomes in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses 在即期收益之后出现延迟损失的情况下，对组合结果的折现存在个体差异。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.929
Ke Ning, Leonard Green, Joel Myerson
{"title":"Individual differences in the discounting of combination outcomes in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses","authors":"Ke Ning,&nbsp;Leonard Green,&nbsp;Joel Myerson","doi":"10.1002/jeab.929","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vast majority of studies on discounting have focused on simple delayed outcomes, but most everyday decisions are more complicated. The present experiment focused on one such scenario, an iconic self-control situation in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses. The same participants were studied in all conditions to permit examination of individual differences in choice behavior using intercorrelations and factor analysis. Consistent with previous research, the hyperboloid model accurately described the form of the discounting function and discounting was not affected by the amount of the delayed loss when it was presented alone. However, replicating other studies, smaller delayed losses were discounted more steeply than larger ones when presented in combination with immediate gains. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors, one loading primarily on loss-only conditions and the other loading primarily on conditions involving outcomes that combined gains and losses. These results imply that there are individual differences in how one combines gains and losses and that this characteristic of individual decision making might be an important predictor of decisions in the many everyday choice situations that involve complex outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why history matters: A review of Watters's Teaching Machines, the History of Personalized Learning 历史为何重要？回顾沃特斯的《教学机器：个性化学习的历史
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.928
Mirari Elcoro
{"title":"Why history matters: A review of Watters's Teaching Machines, the History of Personalized Learning","authors":"Mirari Elcoro","doi":"10.1002/jeab.928","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The book <i>Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning</i> by Audrey Watters (2021) is of interest to the readers of the <i>Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior</i> because the roots of teaching machines and programmed instruction are in the experimental analysis of behavior. Furthermore, the book addresses use-inspired basic research in education, one of our country's most pressing problems. The review begins with an introduction, followed by an overview of the book chapters, extending the historical, cultural, and behavior-analytic context presented by Watters. Particular emphasis is placed on the work of two not-so-well-known researchers in behavior analysis, Susan Meyer Markle (1928–2008) and Benjamin Wyckoff (1922–2007). The review continues with an assessment of the audience for the book and its contributions to behavior analysis and some perspectives. An overarching theme throughout the review is the importance of learning and teaching the history of behavior analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treatments for undefined log ratios in matching analyses 在匹配分析中处理未定义的对数比率。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.925
Pier-Olivier Caron
{"title":"Treatments for undefined log ratios in matching analyses","authors":"Pier-Olivier Caron","doi":"10.1002/jeab.925","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.925","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A challenge in carrying out matching analyses is to deal with undefined log ratios. If any reinforcer or response rate equals zero, the logarithm of the ratio is undefined: data are unsuitable for analyses. There have been some tentative solutions, but they had not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this article is to assess the adequacy of five treatments: omit undefined ratios, use full information maximum likelihood, replace undefined ratios by the mean divided by 100, replace them by a constant 1/10, and add the constant .50 to ratios. Based on simulations, the treatments are compared on their estimations of variance accounted for, sensitivity, and bias. The results show that full information maximum likelihood and omiting undefined ratios had the best overall performance, with negligibly biased and more accurate estimates than mean divided by 100, constant 1/10, and constant .50. The study suggests that mean divided by 100, constant 1/10, and constant .50 should be avoided and recommends full information maximum likelihood to deal with undefined log ratios in matching analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
2023 Guest Reviewer List 2023 年特邀评论员名单
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.927
{"title":"2023 Guest Reviewer List","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jeab.927","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.927","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing stimulus preference using response force in a conjugate preparation: A replication and extension 利用共轭制剂中的反应力评估刺激偏好：复制和扩展。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.926
Daniel J. Sheridan, John T. Rapp, Anna Kate Edgemon, Jonathan W. Pinkston
{"title":"Assessing stimulus preference using response force in a conjugate preparation: A replication and extension","authors":"Daniel J. Sheridan,&nbsp;John T. Rapp,&nbsp;Anna Kate Edgemon,&nbsp;Jonathan W. Pinkston","doi":"10.1002/jeab.926","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study examined 98 participants' preferences for five pictorial stimuli. The researchers used a verbal multiple-stimulus-without-replacement (VMSWO) preference assessment with each participant to identify high-preference and low-preference pictorial stimuli. Next, participants viewed each pictorial stimulus in a randomized order on a computer while using a hand dynamometer that measured the amount of force they exerted to increase or maintain the visual clarity of each image. The results indicate that over 75% of participants' force response ranks corresponded with participants' VMSWO high-preference stimuli, VMSWO low-preference stimuli, or both. The results of the current study provide further evidence for the use of conjugate schedules in the assessment of stimulus preference with potential for use as a reinforcer assessment. Implications along with directions for future research and limitations of the findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Model-based estimates for operant selection 基于模型的操作选择估算。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.924
Matthias Borgstede, Patrick Anselme
{"title":"Model-based estimates for operant selection","authors":"Matthias Borgstede,&nbsp;Patrick Anselme","doi":"10.1002/jeab.924","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.924","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a new methodology to partition different sources of behavior change within a selectionist framework based on the Price equation—the multilevel model of behavioral selection. The multilevel model of behavioral selection provides a theoretical background to describe behavior change in terms of operant selection. Operant selection is formally captured by the covariance-based law of effect and accounts for all changes in individual behavior that involve a covariance between behavior and predictors of evolutionary fitness (e.g., food). In this article, we show how the covariance-based law of effect may be applied to different components of operant behavior (e.g., allocation, speed, and accuracy of responding), thereby providing quantitative estimates for various selection effects affecting behavior change using data from a published learning experiment with pigeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hyperbolae Hyperbolae.
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.916
Peter R. Killeen
{"title":"Hyperbolae","authors":"Peter R. Killeen","doi":"10.1002/jeab.916","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.916","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hyperbolic relations between independent and dependent variables are ubiquitous in the experimental analysis of behavior, mentioned in over 150 articles in the <i>Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior</i>. There are two principal forms of hyperbolae: The first describes the relation between response rate and reinforcement rate on variable-interval schedules of reinforcement; it rises asymptotically toward a maximum. The second describes the relation between the current equivalent value of an incentive and its delay or (im)probability; it falls from a maximum toward an asymptote of 0. Where do these come from? What do their parameters mean? How are they related? This article answers the first two questions and addresses the last.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Merging meaningful classes and abstract equivalence classes by exclusion 通过排除法合并有意义类和抽象等价类。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.917
Ramon Marin, Colin Harte, Deisy das Graças de Souza
{"title":"Merging meaningful classes and abstract equivalence classes by exclusion","authors":"Ramon Marin,&nbsp;Colin Harte,&nbsp;Deisy das Graças de Souza","doi":"10.1002/jeab.917","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.917","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current experiment assessed whether relating abstract stimuli with familiar pictures by exclusion would produce the formation of a meaningful equivalence class. Ten participants learned conditional discrimination relations with abstract stimuli and established equivalence classes (ABC classes). They then learned DA (D1A1, D2A2, and D3A3) conditional discriminations with written words as D stimuli; two words (D1 and D2) were meaningful stimuli in the participants verbal community (“Dentist” and “Baker”), whereas the third (D3) was a pseudoword (“Tabilu”). In testing trials, participants evidenced derived relations between pictures related preexperimentally to D1 and D2 with the experimental equivalence classes related to D1 and D2. For some participants, the decontextualized stimuli were a set of boat pictures (Condition 1), whereas for others they were a set of miscellaneous pictures (Condition 2). Participants in both conditions successfully matched decontextualized pictures (unrelated to dentist and baker contexts) to all abstract stimuli in the class related to D3 (exclusion responding). In Condition 1 the meaning reported to the word Tabilu was similar across participants, but in Condition 2 participants showed more variations to answer to the meaning of Tabilu. These results suggest that exclusion learning can occur under different stimulus control topographies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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