Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献_第2页

Ecological momentary assessment of delay discounting, reward valuation, and craving in very light cigarette users 对极少吸烟者的延迟贴现、奖励估价和渴求进行生态瞬间评估。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4221

Melinda L. Furer, Siyuan Huang, Joshua M. Smyth, Stephen J. Wilson

{"title":"Ecological momentary assessment of delay discounting, reward valuation, and craving in very light cigarette users","authors":"Melinda L. Furer, Siyuan Huang, Joshua M. Smyth, Stephen J. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4221","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4221","url":null,"abstract":"Heightened delay discounting has been linked to adverse smoking cessation outcomes, including among light cigarette users. Few studies have evaluated delay discounting's proposed mechanism, preference reversal (concurrent increases in valuation of/craving for desired objects), and none have done so in naturalistic settings. We examined how person-level delay discounting moderated the within-person association between cigarette valuation and craving among very light daily cigarette users who were financially incentivized to abstain. Forty participants completed a baseline delay-discounting task and intermittent ratings of cigarette valuation and craving during the incentivized abstinence attempt. Subjects earned monetary rewards for abstinence on a descending schedule (e.g., $20 on Days 1 and 2 and $2.50 on Days 9 and 10). Consistent with preference reversals, there was a positive association between cigarette valuation and craving. This relation was moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates) and by monetary reinforcement amount (stronger on days with low reinforcement). Additionally, subjects were more likely to report stronger cravings on days with high monetary reinforcement, with this effect moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates). The results suggest that heightened delay discounting may not confer risk for preference reversal among very light daily cigarette users who are attempting abstinence.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"335-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.4221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Avoidance of hot air blast in Rattus norvegicus 鼠类躲避热气冲击的能力

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4225

Elisama Almeida Condurú Melo, Amilcar Rodrigues Fonseca-Júnior, Marcus Bentes de Carvalho-Neto

引用次数: 0

Social discounting in a symmetric giving and taking frame: An artifactual field experiment with young South African adults 对称施与受框架下的社会折扣：以南非年轻成年人为对象的人工现场实验。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4218

Frederik Booysen, Sevias Guvuriro, Herkulaas Morkel van Eyssen Combrink

{"title":"Social discounting in a symmetric giving and taking frame: An artifactual field experiment with young South African adults","authors":"Frederik Booysen, Sevias Guvuriro, Herkulaas Morkel van Eyssen Combrink","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4218","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4218","url":null,"abstract":"In the dictator game, the evidence that giving is equivalent to taking is mixed. The purpose of this study was to investigate framing effects (giving/taking) on social-discounting rates among young African adults from an informal settlement in South Africa. Employing a within-participant design, these young adults completed a series of incentivized dictator games with an isomorphically equivalent giving and taking frame at each of eight social distances. Altruism was measured by the social-discounting rate, and framing effects were assessed using generalized linear regression. The study provides empirical evidence that prosocial behavior among young South African adults is subject to framing because exponential, hyperbolic, and q-exponential social-discounting rates in all instances were lower in the taking than in the giving frame. This difference may be the result of greater “egalitarianism” and “selflessness” elicited by the taking frame, which likely is a product of the experiment's particular social and economic field context. More comparative research is required to establish the working of specific mechanics of morality that may operate differently in diverse socioeconomic contexts, thus contributing to elucidating the heterogeneous nature of findings in this area of study.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"322-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.4218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of synchronous music reinforcement to increase walking speed: A novel approach for training intensity 应用同步音乐强化提高步行速度：提高训练强度的新方法

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4219

Jonathan W. Pinkston, Jennifer L. Cook, Rasha R. Baruni, John T. Rapp, Shreeya Deshmukh, Raymond G. Miltenberger

{"title":"Application of synchronous music reinforcement to increase walking speed: A novel approach for training intensity","authors":"Jonathan W. Pinkston, Jennifer L. Cook, Rasha R. Baruni, John T. Rapp, Shreeya Deshmukh, Raymond G. Miltenberger","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4219","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4219","url":null,"abstract":"Walking is a common and preferred form of exercise. Although there are current recommendations for walking volume (e.g., steps per day), recent research has begun to distinguish volume from intensity (e.g., “brisk” walking) as an important dimension of exercise. Increasing intensity may confer health advantages beyond volume measures because it shifts cardiovascular performance to more vigorous training zones. Reinforcement-based approaches have been valuable in increasing volume measures of exercise, and the present study sought to develop a corresponding reinforcement approach to training walking intensity. For this study, we used a continuous reinforcement paradigm where music played only while walking met specified criteria; otherwise, music playback stopped. As a result, music was synchronized with walking performance. Seventeen participants walked on a nonmotorized treadmill at a self-selected pace. Across the session, different conditions arranged for music to play independent of walking speed or contingent on speed increases or decreases. An extinction component assessed performance when music was withdrawn completely. Walking speed was selectively increased and decreased by adjusting the contingencies that were arranged for music, and variability in speed increased during extinction, with both findings indicating that music was a reinforcer. Heart rate was also increased to moderate–vigorous intensities during reinforcement. The findings provide a compelling case that walking intensity can be modified by music reinforcement. We suggest that synchronous schedules may be an important foundation for future exercise technologies that are based on reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"362-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common Ground 共同点。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4216

Kennon A. Lattal

引用次数: 0

Inducing select/reject control in a matching-to-sample procedure with observing response: Effects on stimulus equivalence 在观察反应的匹配到样本程序中诱导选择/拒绝控制：对刺激等效性的影响

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4215

Priscila Crispillho Grisante, Gerson Yukio Tomanari

{"title":"Inducing select/reject control in a matching-to-sample procedure with observing response: Effects on stimulus equivalence","authors":"Priscila Crispillho Grisante, Gerson Yukio Tomanari","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4215","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated a three-choice matching-to-sample procedure with an observing-response requirement to induce select and reject control during baseline training and examined their effects on the formation of equivalence classes. The study involved four girls, aged 8 to 10 years, who participated in a computer-based task that alternated between conditions designed to induce select and reject control by requiring observing responses to display the stimuli. In the select-control condition, the correct stimulus was revealed first on at least 75% of the trials, increasing the likelihood of selecting the correct stimulus without seeing the incorrect ones. In contrast, in the reject-control condition, the correct stimulus was revealed third on at least 75% of the trials, forcing the display of both incorrect stimuli. This procedure successfully generated both select and reject control, which increased progressively with the accuracy during baseline training trials. Select control was more prominent than reject control, but both led to the formation of equivalence classes. This finding suggests that reject control does not hinder control by the correct stimulus.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to “The generalization-across-dimensions model applied to conditional temporal discrimination” 对 "应用于条件时间辨别的泛化-跨维度模型 "的更正。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4217

引用次数: 0

Validation of a novel effort-discounting assessment and evaluation of the effort-delay confound on effort discounting 验证新的努力折现评估，评估努力-延迟对努力折现的影响。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4214

Sara Peck, Gregory J. Madden

{"title":"Validation of a novel effort-discounting assessment and evaluation of the effort-delay confound on effort discounting","authors":"Sara Peck, Gregory J. Madden","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4214","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4214","url":null,"abstract":"A vast literature highlights the prevalence of impulsive decision making in maladaptive outcomes. Most research has focused on one form—delay discounting. Less research has focused on effort discounting, possibly because of a lack of a standardized task for assessment. In published effort-discounting tasks, effort is conceptualized in many ways, making it difficult to compare findings across studies. Additionally, most effort-discounting tasks do not control for the time inherent in completing the effortful task, which makes it difficult to disentangle effort discounting from delay discounting. The current study evaluated the validity of a novel hypothetical effort-discounting task. The novel task was used to evaluate the influence of the effort-delay confound on rates of effort discounting in humans. Participants were randomly assigned to complete a confounded or a controlled version of the novel effort-discounting task. The effort-discounting data were well described by hyperbolic and exponential functions. When effort and delay were confounded, effort-discounting rates were significantly higher than when effort alone influenced discounting. The results suggest that data that are produced by effort-discounting tasks that do not control the effort-delay confound should be interpreted cautiously because they are also influenced by delay discounting. Task limitations and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"297-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding resurgence and other emergent activity with the laws of allocation, induction, and covariance 用分配律、归纳法和协变法理解复活和其他突发活动。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4212

Christopher A. Podlesnik, William M. Baum

{"title":"Understanding resurgence and other emergent activity with the laws of allocation, induction, and covariance","authors":"Christopher A. Podlesnik, William M. Baum","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4212","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4212","url":null,"abstract":"Resurgence is defined as an increase in a previously extinguished target response (B1) resulting from the worsening of conditions for a more recently reinforced alternative response (B2). Worsening includes extinction or reductions in rate, amount, and immediacy of delivery of food or some other phylogenetically important event (PIE). In the first part of the article, we apply the laws of allocation, induction, and covariance to understand not only resurgence of operant activity previously covarying with the PIE (B1) but also a constellation of ontogenetic and phylogenetic activities both related to the PIE (B0) and unrelated to the PIE (BN). In the second part, we discuss how induction might be incorporated into and provide alternative processes within an existing matching-based framework, resurgence as choice (RaC). We begin to identify how this range of activities could depend on changes in the relative competitive weight (V) of all available activities (B1, B2, B0, BN) in addition to only those receiving explicit training (B1, B2). Future empirical and theoretical research is needed within this framework to provide a more complete understanding of resurgence and behavior more generally.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"375-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of amount and delay of reward on choice and response rate: A free-operant, multiple-schedule analogue of a discrete-trial procedure 奖励金额和延迟对选择和反应率的影响：离散试验程序的自由操作、多计划模拟法

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4213

James E. Wright, Phil Reed

{"title":"Influence of amount and delay of reward on choice and response rate: A free-operant, multiple-schedule analogue of a discrete-trial procedure","authors":"James E. Wright, Phil Reed","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4213","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4213","url":null,"abstract":"The current study explored a free-operant analogue of discrete-trial procedures to study the effects of amount and delay of reinforcement on choice and response rate. Rats responded on a multiple variable-interval (VI) 45-s, 45-s schedule, with interspersed choice probe trials. Comparison of relative response rates and percentage of choice revealed some discrepancies between the free-operant analogue and discrete-trial procedures. Amount of reward controlled choice behavior when the ratios of delays were similar. When reward delays were more discrepant, delay length controlled choice behavior. Whereas the percentage of choice was larger for the larger magnitude reward, the relative rate of response for the larger magnitude was less than .50. In contrast, when the percentage of choice generally fell to below 50% (with large amount and large delay differences between alternatives), relative response rate indicated a preference for the larger amount alternative. This study shows the feasibility and utility of a free-operant analogue of discrete-choice studies that could be used to develop an analysis of preference.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"259-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.4213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0