Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献_第2页

Discriminative properties of reinforcers modulate resurgence: A human-operant demonstration 强化物的区别性调节复苏：一个人类操作的示范。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70010

Hunter C. King, Caleb Spink, John Michael Falligant

{"title":"Discriminative properties of reinforcers modulate resurgence: A human-operant demonstration","authors":"Hunter C. King, Caleb Spink, John Michael Falligant","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70010","url":null,"abstract":"Resurgence refers to the recurrence of a previously reduced or eliminated operant following the worsening of reinforcement conditions for an alternative behavior. The contextual account of resurgence posits that the discriminative properties of reinforcers modulate this relapse. Evidence supporting the contextual account of resurgence stems from translational laboratory investigations with nonhuman subjects. The purpose of the current study was to further translate this work using a human-operant preparation with a young boy with autism and intellectual disability across three experiments. Experiment 1 was conducted according to a conventional three-phase resurgence preparation. In Experiment 2, the reinforcer (O2) that maintained the alternative response (R2) in Phase 2 was delivered noncontingently in Phase 3. Finally, in Experiment 3 the reinforcer (O1) that maintained the target response (R1) in Phase 1 was delivered noncontingently in Phase 3. Although both O1 and O2 mitigated resurgence relative to extinction alone, the magnitude of resurgence was slightly higher with O2 deliveries. Our results are generally consistent with the contextual account of resurgence. The influence of a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior contingency in Phase 3 and other procedural aspects of this study are discussed, as are applied implications for reducing relapse in behavioral treatments.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"123 3","pages":"526-538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urcuioli's differential-outcomes research: Implications for our behavioral units. Urcuioli的差异结果研究：对我们行为单位的启示。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70018

A Charles Catania

{"title":"Urcuioli's differential-outcomes research: Implications for our behavioral units.","authors":"A Charles Catania","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.70018","url":null,"abstract":"Our behavioral units include stimulus classes and response classes. Peter Urcuioli's differential-outcomes research implies they should extend to the third term of the three-term contingency. Classes of consequences come in several varieties (e.g., conditional reinforcers, tokens), but our vocabulary does not coherently organize them. They are differentiated not only by physical properties such as type, location, and duration but also by the schedule contingencies in which they participate. We consider units ranging from the physical and chemical sciences to those based on the particular history of life on earth. The latter include biology, sociology, linguistics, and our own behavior analysis. Scientific units are typically nested (e.g., atoms within molecules, cells within organs, organisms within species). Comparing our units with those from other taxonomies raises questions about their emergence and evolution and their shared properties across levels of nesting (e.g., species within genus, subclasses within higher order operants, phonemes within words). Emergence necessarily occurs when higher order units have functions that are not shared with their lower order constituents. These nested and multileveled behavior classes challenge single-level views, such as metaphorical accounts of behavior as a totality contained within a pie, with slices corresponding to behavior classes matched to their outcomes.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A contemporary quantitative model for continuous choice under reinforcing and punishing contingencies 强化和惩罚偶然性下连续选择的当代定量模型。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70009

Bryan Klapes, J. J McDowell

{"title":"A contemporary quantitative model for continuous choice under reinforcing and punishing contingencies","authors":"Bryan Klapes, J. J McDowell","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70009","url":null,"abstract":"We developed five novel quantitative models of punishment based on the generalized matching law (GML). Two of the new models were based on Deluty's additive theory of punishment, two were based on de Villiers's subtractive theory of punishment, and the last was based on the concatenated GML (cGML). Using information criteria, we compared the descriptive accuracies of these models against each other and against the GML. To obtain a data set that fairly compared these complex models, we exposed 30 human participants to 36 concurrent random-interval random-interval reinforcement schedules via a recently developed rapid-acquisition operant procedure (procedure for rapidly establishing steady-state behavior). This experimental design allowed us to fit the models to 30 data sets ranging from 22 to 36 data points each, comparing the models' descriptive accuracy using Akaike information criteria, corrected for small samples (AICc). The punishment model based on the cGML had the lowest AICc value of the set, with an Akaike weight of 0.99. Thus, this cGML-based punishment model is presumed to be the best contemporary quantitative model of punishment. We discuss the theoretical strengths and weaknesses of these models and future directions of GML-based punishment model development.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"123 3","pages":"435-454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A quantitative analysis of the effects of target- and alternative-reinforcement rate on resurgence 靶强化率和替代强化率对死灰复燃影响的定量分析。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70011

Kyleigh L. Montague, Carolyn M. Ritchey, Carla N. Martinez-Perez, Toshikazu Kuroda, Christopher A. Podlesnik

{"title":"A quantitative analysis of the effects of target- and alternative-reinforcement rate on resurgence","authors":"Kyleigh L. Montague, Carolyn M. Ritchey, Carla N. Martinez-Perez, Toshikazu Kuroda, Christopher A. Podlesnik","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70011","url":null,"abstract":"Resurgence is defined as an increase in a previously reinforced and reduced target response when conditions worsen for a more recently reinforced alternative response. The present experiment evaluated the effects of target- and alternative-reinforcer rate on resurgence in humans. We arranged combinations of contingent high- and low-rate target and high- and low-rate alternative reinforcement across four groups. When extinguishing all reinforcement, resurgence occurred only in groups experiencing a high rate of alternative reinforcement, with resurgence being higher in the group that experienced high rates of both target and alternative reinforcement. Our findings join those of others that indicate that rates of alternative reinforcement contribute more to resurgence than target-reinforcer rates. A quantitative model of resurgence, resurgence as choice in context (RaC2), tended to underpredict target responding and overpredict alternative responding in Phase 3. Including a misallocation parameter to account for a proportion of reinforcers misallocated between responses provided a better account of the findings.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"123 3","pages":"455-470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contributions of delay, duration, and intensity of shock on rats' choices involving conflicting-valence consequences 延迟、持续时间和电击强度对涉及冲突效价后果的大鼠选择的影响。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70008

Forrest Toegel, Aaron D. Dumas, Michael Perone

{"title":"Contributions of delay, duration, and intensity of shock on rats' choices involving conflicting-valence consequences","authors":"Forrest Toegel, Aaron D. Dumas, Michael Perone","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70008","url":null,"abstract":"Problems related to “self-control” can occur in situations in which a single choice produces both reinforcing and aversive consequences. We exposed rats to choice situations in which a press on one lever produced only food and a press on a second lever produced food and delayed shock. Within and across conditions of four experiments, adjusting-delay procedures were used to identify indifference points—delays at which the consequences produced by the two levers exerted equal control over choice. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of intensity and duration of delayed shock on choice between a small food reinforcer or a large food reinforcer followed by delayed shock. Experiment 3 investigated the effects of shock's delay on choice between food delivered immediately and followed by delayed shock or food delivered after a delay. Experiments 2 and 4 investigated the effects of signaling the delayed shock in Experiments 1 and 3, respectively. The effects of delayed shock on choice were a direct function of shock intensity and shock duration and an inverse function of shock's delay. Signals did not affect choice systematically. The results extend findings from research on the punishment of operant behavior and on the temporal discounting of reinforcing and punishing events.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"123 3","pages":"412-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Projected alcohol demand in college students with heavy drinking 预测酗酒大学生的酒精需求。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70006

Rebecca Kurnellas, Cassie Sutton, Brett Gelino, Hailey Taylor, Aaron Smith, Derek Reed, Richard Yi

{"title":"Projected alcohol demand in college students with heavy drinking","authors":"Rebecca Kurnellas, Cassie Sutton, Brett Gelino, Hailey Taylor, Aaron Smith, Derek Reed, Richard Yi","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70006","url":null,"abstract":"Measures of the relative reinforcing value of alcohol (i.e., alcohol demand) are associated with concurrent and future rates of alcohol use. Given that college-age young adults may fail to predict escalation of substance use, the present project explores the novel construct of projected future demand by college students who engage in heavy drinking and whether it can predict future alcohol use. During an initial session, participants completed a standard alcohol purchase task, a projected alcohol purchase task (i.e., “three months from now”), and measures of past-month alcohol consumption and associated risk. During a follow-up session 3 months later, participants completed another standard alcohol purchase task and measures of consumption and risk. We found that college students (n = 40) projected increases in demand for 3 months in the future but did not exhibit subsequent changes in demand. In addition, measures of projected future demand were associated with subsequent alcohol use. However, when baseline alcohol use and risk were included as additional predictors, projected demand was not a unique predictor of future alcohol use. The current study signals the potential of novel measures of projected demand, which when contrasted with measures of current demand, may lend predictive utility on subsequent trajectories of alcohol use.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"123 3","pages":"389-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An analysis of renewal following fading of reinforcer type 强化型的衰落后更新分析。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70007

Kate E. Derrenbacker, William E. Sullivan, Emily L. Baxter, Beatriz Arroyo, Henry S. Roane, Charlene N. Agnew, Michael Koegel, Andrew R. Craig

{"title":"An analysis of renewal following fading of reinforcer type","authors":"Kate E. Derrenbacker, William E. Sullivan, Emily L. Baxter, Beatriz Arroyo, Henry S. Roane, Charlene N. Agnew, Michael Koegel, Andrew R. Craig","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70007","url":null,"abstract":"Renewal is defined as relapse of a previously extinguished target behavior following a change in context. This form of relapse has been shown to occur when an alternative source of reinforcement that was made available during extinction of the target response is abruptly switched to a different type of reinforcement. The current experiment examined a method for mitigating renewal produced by switching reinforcement by fading reinforcer type during extinction. In Phase 1, rats' target-lever pressing was reinforced with one type of reinforcement (O1). In Phase 2, lever pressing was extinguished and noncontingent reinforcers were delivered. The forward fading group initially experienced all alternative (O2) reinforcement, and the percentage of O1 reinforcement was increased across sessions. The reverse fading group initially experienced 90% O1 and 10% O2 reinforcement, and the percentage of O2 reinforcement was increased across sessions. A third group received delivery of O2 only, serving as a control. In Phase 3, all groups received noncontingent delivery of O1 reinforcement only. Robust renewal was seen in the control group relative to both fading groups. Furthermore, levels of renewal were lower and did not differ significantly between the forward fading and reverse fading group. These findings provide further insight into the role of context in relapse and may provide suggestions for future clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"123 3","pages":"400-411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

shinybeez: A Shiny app for behavioral economic easy demand and discounting shinybeez：一个用于行为经济的简单需求和折扣的闪亮应用程序。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70000

Brent A. Kaplan, Derek D. Reed

{"title":"shinybeez: A Shiny app for behavioral economic easy demand and discounting","authors":"Brent A. Kaplan, Derek D. Reed","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70000","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces shinybeez, a free and open-source web application designed to streamline behavioral economic analyses of demand and discounting data. Although quantitative modeling of behavioral economic phenomena has increased in popularity and led to translational successes in clinical practice and policy, complex analyses have remained a barrier for many researchers and practitioners. The shinybeez application addresses this gap by providing an intuitive interface for conducting descriptive and inferential analyses without requiring programming expertise. The app integrates features previously scattered across multiple tools, allowing users to upload data, calculate empirical measures, identify systematic data sets, fit nonlinear models, and visualize results—all within a single platform. The shinybeez application supports various types of analysis for demand and discounting data, including indifference point data and the 27-Item Monetary Choice Questionnaire. Built on R Shiny and leveraging existing R packages, the app ensures reproducibility and consistency with underlying analytical methods while remaining flexible for future enhancements. The advantages of shinybeez include its accessibility through web browsers or local installation, ability to handle large data sets, and customizable data visualization options. By consolidating behavioral economic tools into a user-friendly interface, shinybeez is intended to broaden the reach of these analytical techniques and facilitate their application in addressing societal issues.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"123 2","pages":"355-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The rodent electronic nicotine delivery system: Apparatus for voluntary nose-only e-cigarette aerosol inhalation 啮齿类动物电子尼古丁输送系统：仅用鼻子吸入电子烟气溶胶的装置。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70005

Amy L. Odum, Mariah E. Willis-Moore, Kiernan T. Callister, Jeremy M. Haynes, Charles C. J. Frye, Lucy N. Scribner, David N. Legaspi, Daniel Santos Da Silva, Aaron L. Olsen, Tadd T. Truscott, Preston T. Alden, Rick A. Bevins, Adam M. Leventhal, Stephen T. Lee, Brenna Gomer, Abby D. Benninghoff

{"title":"The rodent electronic nicotine delivery system: Apparatus for voluntary nose-only e-cigarette aerosol inhalation","authors":"Amy L. Odum, Mariah E. Willis-Moore, Kiernan T. Callister, Jeremy M. Haynes, Charles C. J. Frye, Lucy N. Scribner, David N. Legaspi, Daniel Santos Da Silva, Aaron L. Olsen, Tadd T. Truscott, Preston T. Alden, Rick A. Bevins, Adam M. Leventhal, Stephen T. Lee, Brenna Gomer, Abby D. Benninghoff","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70005","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco use is the leading cause of death globally and in the United States. After decades of decline, driven by decreases in combusted tobacco use, nicotine product use has increased due to electronic nicotine delivery systems, also known as e-cigarettes or vapes. Preclinical models of nicotine self-administration can serve as important lodestars in the search for effective intervention and prevention tactics. Current variants of the preclinical models have substantial limitations, however. Therefore, we created the rodent electronic nicotine delivery system (RENDS), a novel low-cost nonproprietary nose-only preclinical model of nicotine aerosol self-administration. We confirmed that RENDS sequesters nicotine aerosol in the nose port by measuring fine particulate matter (PM <2.5 microns) generated by e-cigarettes. We also showed that rats robustly self-administer flavored nicotine aerosol, resulting in high blood levels of cotinine (the major nicotine metabolite) and spontaneous somatic withdrawal symptoms. Thus, we provide validation of the operation and function of the RENDS, opening the door to an open-source preclinical aerosol model of nicotine self-administration that is relatively low in cost. Four existing operant chambers can be retrofitted with the RENDS for less than $325/chamber. All RENDS diagrams and plans for custom-designed components are on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/x2pqf/?view_only=775b55435b8e428f98e6da384ef7889d).","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"123 2","pages":"337-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Of rats and robots: A mutual learning paradigm 老鼠和机器人：一个相互学习的范例。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.70004

Oguzcan Nas, Defne Albayrak, Gunes Unal

{"title":"Of rats and robots: A mutual learning paradigm","authors":"Oguzcan Nas, Defne Albayrak, Gunes Unal","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70004","url":null,"abstract":"Robots are increasingly used alongside Skinner boxes to train animals in operant conditioning tasks. Similarly, animals are being employed in artificial intelligence research to train various algorithms. However, both types of experiments rely on unidirectional learning, where one partner—the animal or the robot—acts as the teacher and the other as the student. Here, we present a novel animal–robot interaction paradigm that enables bidirectional, or mutual, learning between a Wistar rat and a robot. The two agents interacted with each other to achieve specific goals, dynamically adjusting their actions based on the positive (rewarding) or negative (punishing) signals provided by their partner. The paradigm was tested in silico with two artificial reinforcement learning agents and in vivo with different rat–robot pairs. In the virtual trials, both agents were able to adapt their behavior toward reward maximization, achieving mutual learning. The in vivo experiments revealed that rats rapidly acquired the behaviors necessary to receive the reward and exhibited passive avoidance learning for negative signals when the robot displayed a steep learning curve. The developed paradigm can be used in various animal–machine interactions to test the efficacy of different learning rules and reinforcement schedules.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"123 2","pages":"176-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0