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Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献

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Meeting of minds: Skinner and Michotte at the International Congress of Psychology, Stockholm, 1951. 思想的碰撞：斯金纳和米科特在国际心理学大会上，斯德哥尔摩，1951 年。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4208
John H Wearden
{"title":"Meeting of minds: Skinner and Michotte at the International Congress of Psychology, Stockholm, 1951.","authors":"John H Wearden","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.4208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This note discusses the apparently unpublished correspondence between B. F. Skinner and the Belgian psychologist Albert Michotte, preceding Skinner's visit to the Thirteenth International Congress of Psychology in Stockholm in 1951. Skinner's letters, written in French, were intended to arrange a visit to Michotte's laboratory in Leuven (then called Louvain) in Belgium, which in the end never took place, although it seems highly likely that they met in Stockholm. There is no record of the topic of the conversations they may have had, although one possible speculation concerns discussions of causality, as both Skinner and Michotte had published work relating to this topic in the 1940s, Michotte's La Perception de la Causalité and Skinner's Superstition in the pigeon. The note also discusses the way in which Skinner's visit to the Thirteenth Congress influenced the development of the experimental analysis of behavior in both Europe and Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of instructed visual imagining on emergent conditional discriminations 指令性视觉想象对新兴条件辨别的影响
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4205
Reagan E. McGee, Camille R. Roberts, Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir
{"title":"Effects of instructed visual imagining on emergent conditional discriminations","authors":"Reagan E. McGee,&nbsp;Camille R. Roberts,&nbsp;Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4205","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Visual imagining has been proposed to play a role in the emergence of derived stimulus relations. We examined whether test-relevant visual imagining during baseline training would, accordingly, facilitate emergent visual–visual conditional discriminations at test. Adult participants (<i>n</i> = 75) were randomly assigned to three groups. Baseline tact training established conditional discriminations among sets of image samples and textual comparisons (AC/BD), and baseline intraverbal training established conditional discriminations among pairs of textual stimuli (CD). Two groups received tact before intraverbal training, and one group received the reverse sequence. During intraverbal training, one of the former groups was instructed to visualize the images that went with the textual stimuli. These instructions did not affect participants' retrospective self-reports of test-relevant visual imagining during training. Nevertheless, they produced a large effect on correct responding in an image-matching test (AB/BA) that followed intraverbal training. This effect was independent of baseline retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A mediational theory of equivalence relations and transformation of function 等价关系和功能转换的中介理论。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4204
Henry D. Schlinger Jr., Elbert Blakely
{"title":"A mediational theory of equivalence relations and transformation of function","authors":"Henry D. Schlinger Jr.,&nbsp;Elbert Blakely","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, we describe a mediational theory of emergent or derived relations resulting from matching-to-sample procedures that produce equivalence and transformation of function. According to a mediational theory, behaviors that occur at the time of reinforcement mediate subsequent behavioral relations referred to as “derived” or “emergent.” Such relations have been documented for decades in studies using mostly matching-to-sample procedures with humans and nonhumans. In both verbal human and nonhuman participants, the mediating behaviors consist of differential responding to the sample stimulus. In humans, such behaviors are mostly, but not necessarily, verbal; in nonhumans they include a variety of sample-specific responses, sometimes called “coding.” The proposed mediational theory, based only on the four-term contingency and the basic principles of operant learning, makes specific predictions and explains results from a broad range of experiments. There are at least three important implications of a mediational theory. First, if by “derived” or “emergent” one means untrained or unreinforced, then derived relations may not exist. Second, if there are no derived relations, then theories of such relations may not be necessary. Third, a mediational theory of relational responding has potentially important implications for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.4204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A broken thread: A review of Pavlov's Legacy: How and What Animals Learn. By Robert A. Boakes 一根断线评《巴甫洛夫的遗产：动物如何学习以及学习什么》。作者：罗伯特-A-博克斯
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4203
John Staddon
{"title":"A broken thread: A review of Pavlov's Legacy: How and What Animals Learn. By Robert A. Boakes","authors":"John Staddon","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4203","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesized alternative reinforcement and resurgence 合成替代强化和复活。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4202
Sean W. Smith, Beatriz E. Arroyo Antúnez, Jacqueline DeBartelo, William E. Sullivan, Henry S. Roane, Andrew R. Craig
{"title":"Synthesized alternative reinforcement and resurgence","authors":"Sean W. Smith,&nbsp;Beatriz E. Arroyo Antúnez,&nbsp;Jacqueline DeBartelo,&nbsp;William E. Sullivan,&nbsp;Henry S. Roane,&nbsp;Andrew R. Craig","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4202","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In treatments based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, applied researchers and clinicians often provide multiple, qualitatively different reinforcers (i.e., synthesized reinforcement) rather than a single reinforcer (i.e., isolated reinforcement) contingent on alternative behavior. Some research shows that providing synthesized reinforcement for alternative responses within such treatments produces more rapid and complete suppression of target behavior; however, there is limited research evaluating the durability of these effects during treatment disruptions. Conceptual explanations of resurgence (e.g., resurgence as choice, context theory) suggest that treatments that include synthesized alternative reinforcement may lead to more resurgence of target behavior when alternative reinforcement is disrupted relative to treatments using isolated reinforcement. We evaluated this hypothesis within a three-phase resurgence evaluation. We exposed rats to isolated or synthesized reinforcement for alternative responding in the second phase, and we exposed rats to extinction in the third phase. Synthesized alternative reinforcement produced more rapid and complete suppression of target behavior than did isolated reinforcement in the second phase; however, exposure to extinction following synthesized reinforcement produced more resurgence. We discuss these results in terms of their implications for applied research and their support for current conceptual explanations for resurgence.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Individual differences in the discounting of combination outcomes in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses 在即期收益之后出现延迟损失的情况下，对组合结果的折现存在个体差异。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.929
Ke Ning, Leonard Green, Joel Myerson
{"title":"Individual differences in the discounting of combination outcomes in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses","authors":"Ke Ning,&nbsp;Leonard Green,&nbsp;Joel Myerson","doi":"10.1002/jeab.929","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vast majority of studies on discounting have focused on simple delayed outcomes, but most everyday decisions are more complicated. The present experiment focused on one such scenario, an iconic self-control situation in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses. The same participants were studied in all conditions to permit examination of individual differences in choice behavior using intercorrelations and factor analysis. Consistent with previous research, the hyperboloid model accurately described the form of the discounting function and discounting was not affected by the amount of the delayed loss when it was presented alone. However, replicating other studies, smaller delayed losses were discounted more steeply than larger ones when presented in combination with immediate gains. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors, one loading primarily on loss-only conditions and the other loading primarily on conditions involving outcomes that combined gains and losses. These results imply that there are individual differences in how one combines gains and losses and that this characteristic of individual decision making might be an important predictor of decisions in the many everyday choice situations that involve complex outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why history matters: A review of Watters's Teaching Machines, the History of Personalized Learning 历史为何重要？回顾沃特斯的《教学机器：个性化学习的历史
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.928
Mirari Elcoro
{"title":"Why history matters: A review of Watters's Teaching Machines, the History of Personalized Learning","authors":"Mirari Elcoro","doi":"10.1002/jeab.928","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The book <i>Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning</i> by Audrey Watters (2021) is of interest to the readers of the <i>Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior</i> because the roots of teaching machines and programmed instruction are in the experimental analysis of behavior. Furthermore, the book addresses use-inspired basic research in education, one of our country's most pressing problems. The review begins with an introduction, followed by an overview of the book chapters, extending the historical, cultural, and behavior-analytic context presented by Watters. Particular emphasis is placed on the work of two not-so-well-known researchers in behavior analysis, Susan Meyer Markle (1928–2008) and Benjamin Wyckoff (1922–2007). The review continues with an assessment of the audience for the book and its contributions to behavior analysis and some perspectives. An overarching theme throughout the review is the importance of learning and teaching the history of behavior analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treatments for undefined log ratios in matching analyses 在匹配分析中处理未定义的对数比率。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.925
Pier-Olivier Caron
{"title":"Treatments for undefined log ratios in matching analyses","authors":"Pier-Olivier Caron","doi":"10.1002/jeab.925","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.925","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A challenge in carrying out matching analyses is to deal with undefined log ratios. If any reinforcer or response rate equals zero, the logarithm of the ratio is undefined: data are unsuitable for analyses. There have been some tentative solutions, but they had not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this article is to assess the adequacy of five treatments: omit undefined ratios, use full information maximum likelihood, replace undefined ratios by the mean divided by 100, replace them by a constant 1/10, and add the constant .50 to ratios. Based on simulations, the treatments are compared on their estimations of variance accounted for, sensitivity, and bias. The results show that full information maximum likelihood and omiting undefined ratios had the best overall performance, with negligibly biased and more accurate estimates than mean divided by 100, constant 1/10, and constant .50. The study suggests that mean divided by 100, constant 1/10, and constant .50 should be avoided and recommends full information maximum likelihood to deal with undefined log ratios in matching analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
2023 Guest Reviewer List 2023 年特邀评论员名单
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.927
{"title":"2023 Guest Reviewer List","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jeab.927","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.927","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing stimulus preference using response force in a conjugate preparation: A replication and extension 利用共轭制剂中的反应力评估刺激偏好：复制和扩展。
IF 1.4 3区 心理学
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.926
Daniel J. Sheridan, John T. Rapp, Anna Kate Edgemon, Jonathan W. Pinkston
{"title":"Assessing stimulus preference using response force in a conjugate preparation: A replication and extension","authors":"Daniel J. Sheridan,&nbsp;John T. Rapp,&nbsp;Anna Kate Edgemon,&nbsp;Jonathan W. Pinkston","doi":"10.1002/jeab.926","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study examined 98 participants' preferences for five pictorial stimuli. The researchers used a verbal multiple-stimulus-without-replacement (VMSWO) preference assessment with each participant to identify high-preference and low-preference pictorial stimuli. Next, participants viewed each pictorial stimulus in a randomized order on a computer while using a hand dynamometer that measured the amount of force they exerted to increase or maintain the visual clarity of each image. The results indicate that over 75% of participants' force response ranks corresponded with participants' VMSWO high-preference stimuli, VMSWO low-preference stimuli, or both. The results of the current study provide further evidence for the use of conjugate schedules in the assessment of stimulus preference with potential for use as a reinforcer assessment. Implications along with directions for future research and limitations of the findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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