Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献_第10页

A laboratory model of canine search vigilance decrement, II: Noncontingent reward and Pavlovian appetitive stimuli 犬类搜索警觉性下降的实验室模型，II:非偶然奖励和巴甫洛夫食欲刺激

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.838

Mallory DeChant, Edgar O. Aviles Rosa, Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann, Nathaniel James Hall

{"title":"A laboratory model of canine search vigilance decrement, II: Noncontingent reward and Pavlovian appetitive stimuli","authors":"Mallory DeChant, Edgar O. Aviles Rosa, Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann, Nathaniel James Hall","doi":"10.1002/jeab.838","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.838","url":null,"abstract":"Detection dogs have demonstrated reduced performance in operational settings when required to search in an environment where few to no target odors are present. This study's purpose was to increase detection dog accuracy using noncontingent reward (NCR) and Pavlovian stimuli associated with reward. Eighteen dogs were randomly spilt into two groups and received four 40-trial sessions in an operational and training context at 90% odor prevalence (baseline). Following baseline, in the operational context (now at 10% odor prevalence), experimental dogs received an NCR schedule consisting of delivering food rewards at the end of 66% of trials. After the NCR Test, dogs returned to baseline. During baseline, the experimental dogs received 10 days of delayed Pavlovian conditioning to a tone. During the test phase, the conditioned stimulus (tone) was presented to experimental dogs on average every two trials for 30 s in the operational context (now at 10% odor prevalence). Overall, NCR showed a nonsignificant trend for increased responding in the experimental group but tended to increase false alerts; therefore, a permutation of an NCR-like reward schedule may maintain search. The Pavlovian conditioned stimulus didn't decrease timeouts or improve accuracy, but a within-session analysis indicated that the dogs were more likely to time out and less likely to false alert when the tone was on than when it was off.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10165201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A quantitative analysis of resurgence following downshifts in alternative-reinforcer magnitude 替代强化强度下降后复苏的定量分析

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.843

Carolyn M. Ritchey, Toshikazu Kuroda, Christopher A. Podlesnik

{"title":"A quantitative analysis of resurgence following downshifts in alternative-reinforcer magnitude","authors":"Carolyn M. Ritchey, Toshikazu Kuroda, Christopher A. Podlesnik","doi":"10.1002/jeab.843","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.843","url":null,"abstract":"Resurgence is the increase in a previously reinforced and then extinguished target response due to changes in reinforcement conditions for an alternative response, including reductions in the rate or magnitude of reinforcement for the alternative response. Research with nonhumans suggests that reductions in both alternative-reinforcer rate and magnitude produce resurgence, but the present study was the first to examine effects of downshifts in alternative-reinforcer magnitude on humans' resurgence. Moreover, it was the first to evaluate whether the quantitative framework, resurgence as choice in context (RaC2), could account for those effects. Consistent with predictions of RaC2, resurgence of a target button press occurred with reductions in point gain for an alternative response, with greater reductions producing higher levels of resurgence. However, the model consistently underpredicted and then overpredicted resurgence during tests with low-magnitude reinforcement and extinction. Systematic deviations in model predictions of alternative responding were also evident and consistent with previous fits of RaC2 to nonhuman data. Overall, our findings suggest that RaC2 could be a useful quantitative theoretical framework for understanding processes contributing to resurgence in humans, but further theoretical development is needed to account for the apparent divergent effects of extinction versus downshifts in reinforcer magnitude.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9677871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A laboratory model of canine search vigilance decrement, I 犬类搜索警觉性下降的实验室模型[j]

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.832

Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa, Mallory T. DeChant, Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann, Nathaniel J. Hall

{"title":"A laboratory model of canine search vigilance decrement, I","authors":"Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa, Mallory T. DeChant, Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann, Nathaniel J. Hall","doi":"10.1002/jeab.832","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.832","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have found that infrequent targets can reduce dogs' vigilance. The purpose of this study was to develop a laboratory model to evaluate the effects of infrequent targets on dogs' search behavior and performance. Dogs (n = 18) were trained to detect smokeless powder in an automated olfactometer in two distinct rooms (“operational” and “training”). During baseline, the dogs received five daily sessions at a high target odor frequency (90%) in both rooms. Subsequently, the frequency of the target odor was decreased to 10% only in the “operational” room but remained at 90% in the training room. Last, the odor prevalence was returned to 90% in both rooms. All dogs showed a significant decrement in detection performance in the operational room when the target odor frequency was decreased but simultaneusly mantained high performance in the training room. This decrement was largely due to decreases in adequate search behavior. All dogs recovered performance when the odor frequency was increased again to 90%. Trial accuracy was associated with tail position, search score, latency, and duration of environmentally directed behaviors. The data show that low target odor prevalence significantly reduced search behavior and performance and that there are behaviors that can be used by handlers to assess their dog's search state.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9788883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Verbal behavior development theory and relational frame theory: Reflecting on similarities and differences 言语行为发展理论与关系框架理论:异同反思

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.836

Maithri Sivaraman, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, R. Douglas Greer, Daniel M. Fienup, Herbert Roeyers

{"title":"Verbal behavior development theory and relational frame theory: Reflecting on similarities and differences","authors":"Maithri Sivaraman, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, R. Douglas Greer, Daniel M. Fienup, Herbert Roeyers","doi":"10.1002/jeab.836","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.836","url":null,"abstract":"Relational frame theory and verbal behavior development theory are two behavior-analytic perspectives on human language and cognition. Despite sharing reliance on Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior, relational frame theory and verbal behavior development theory have largely been developed independently, with initial applications in clinical psychology and education/development, respectively. The overarching goal of the current paper is to provide an overview of both theories and explore points of contact that have been highlighted by conceptual developments in both fields. Verbal behavior development theory research has identified how behavioral developmental cusps make it possible for children to learn language incidentally. Recent developments in relational frame theory have outlined the dynamic variables involved across the levels and dimensions of arbitrarily applicable relational responding, and we argue for the concept of mutually entailed orienting as an act of human cooperation that drives arbitrarily applicable relational responding. Together these theories address early language development and children's incidental learning of names. We present broad similarities between the two approaches in the types of functional analyses they generate and discuss areas for future research.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9624273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A translational evaluation of component skills for the establishment of multiply controlled intraverbals 建立多重控制语内的组成技能的翻译评价

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.837

Adrienne M. Jennings, Jason C. Vladescu, Caio F. Miguel, Kenneth F. Reeve, Tina M. Sidener

引用次数: 1

Hyperbolic modeling and assessment of hypothetical health behaviors during a viral outbreak using crowdsourced samples 利用众包样本对病毒爆发期间的假设健康行为进行双曲建模和评估

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.824

Mark J. Rzeszutek, Anthony DeFulio, Hayley D. Brown, Cristal Cardoso São Mateus

{"title":"Hyperbolic modeling and assessment of hypothetical health behaviors during a viral outbreak using crowdsourced samples","authors":"Mark J. Rzeszutek, Anthony DeFulio, Hayley D. Brown, Cristal Cardoso São Mateus","doi":"10.1002/jeab.824","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.824","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to investigate factors related to public response to public health measures, which could help better prepare implementation of similar measures for inevitable future pandemics. To understand individual and environmental factors that influence likelihood in engaging in personal and public health measures, three crowdsourced convenience samples from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed likelihood-discounting tasks of engaging in health behaviors given a variety of hypothetical viral outbreak scenarios. Experiment 1 assessed likelihood of mask wearing for a novel virus. Experiment 2 assessed vaccination likelihood based on efficacy and cost. Experiment 3 assessed likelihood of seeking health care based on number of symptoms and cost of treatment. Volume-based measures and three-dimensional modeling were used to analyze hypothetical decision making. Hypothetical public and personal health participation increased as viral fatality increased and generally followed a hyperbolic function. Public health participation was moderated by political orientation and trust in science, whereas treatment-seeking was only moderated by income. Analytic methods used in this cross-sectional study predicted population-level outcomes that occurred later in the pandemic and can be extended to various health behaviors.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9592302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The maladaptive alcohol self-administration task: An adapted novel model of alcohol seeking with negative consequences 不适应酒精自我管理任务:一个具有负面后果的酒精寻求的改编新模型

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.834

Hannah N. Carlson, Jeffrey L. Weiner

{"title":"The maladaptive alcohol self-administration task: An adapted novel model of alcohol seeking with negative consequences","authors":"Hannah N. Carlson, Jeffrey L. Weiner","doi":"10.1002/jeab.834","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.834","url":null,"abstract":"The progression of recreational drinking to alcohol use disorder is characterized by loss of control over seeking, which involves continued use of alcohol despite negative consequences. The present study proposes a novel maladaptive alcohol self-administration task in which animals are trained to withhold alcohol drinking in the presence of an auditory cue signaling consequence (conflict phase) but to drink freely when there is no consequence (neutral phase). These phases are performed within trial; successful performance involves waiting for the conflict phase to end and drinking during the neutral phase. We discuss the background and implementation of the task, its relation to existing models, and its relevance to the field of translational alcohol research. Importantly, we also present evidence of its efficacy. Both male and female Long–Evans rats are capable of performing the maladaptive alcohol self-administration task for both sweetened and unsweetened alcohol solutions. Finally, we show that acute injection of a pharmacological stressor (yohimbine) significantly disrupted performance of the task in both sexes and reinforcers. We suggest the maladaptive alcohol self-administration task may prove particularly useful in models of alcohol use disorder or vulnerability to this disorder where its application may reveal maladaptive neural circuit adaptations responsible for motivational perturbations associated with loss of control over alcohol seeking.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9677383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response effort and resurgence 应对努力和复苏

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.835

Kimberly M. Walter, Chata A. Dickson

{"title":"Response effort and resurgence","authors":"Kimberly M. Walter, Chata A. Dickson","doi":"10.1002/jeab.835","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.835","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides an initial translational examination of response effort and resurgence. Eleven typically developing adults and five adolescents with autism served as participants across two experiments. Participants received points for touching moving stimuli on a computer screen. The resurgence evaluation consisted of three phases: establishment wherein R1 was reinforced, elimination wherein R1 was placed on extinction while R2 was reinforced, and extinction wherein R1 and R2 no longer resulted in reinforcement. Rate of R1 during extinction was compared across three conditions: intermediate, easy, and difficult. Disparity in effort was created by manipulations of the size and speed of objects that moved about on a computer screen. In Experiment 2, control stimuli were added to the experimental arrangement. Across the two experiments, the magnitude of resurgence was greater when R1 was easy. In Experiment 2, both R1 and control responding were greater in the extinction phase than in the elimination phase in all conditions with all participants. The present study supports the hypothesis that response effort affects resurgence and that less effortful responses are likely to recur with greater magnitude under conditions that produce resurgence than are their more effortful counterparts.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9243786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Behavioral pharmacology of methocinnamox: A potential new treatment for opioid overdose and opioid use disorder 甲氧苄啶的行为药理学:阿片类药物过量和阿片类药物使用障碍的潜在新治疗方法

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.831

David R. Maguire, Charles P. France

{"title":"Behavioral pharmacology of methocinnamox: A potential new treatment for opioid overdose and opioid use disorder","authors":"David R. Maguire, Charles P. France","doi":"10.1002/jeab.831","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.831","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid overdose and opioid use disorder continue to be significant public health challenges despite the availability of effective medications and significant efforts at all levels of society. The emergence of highly potent and efficacious opioids such as fentanyl and its derivatives over the last decade has only exacerbated what was already a substantial problem. Behavioral pharmacology research has proven invaluable for understanding the effects of drugs as well as developing and evaluating pharmacotherapies for disorders involving the central nervous system, including substance abuse disorders. This paper describes a program of research characterizing a potent, selective, and long-lasting mu opioid receptor antagonist, methocinnamox, and evaluating its potential for treating opioid overdose and opioid use disorder. Studies in rodents and nonhuman primates demonstrate that methocinnamox prevents and reverses opioid-induced ventilatory depression and selectively blocks opioid self-administration. This work, taken together with rigorous in vitro and ex vivo studies investigating methocinnamox neuropharmacology, lays a solid foundation for the therapeutic utility of this potentially life-saving medication. Moreover, these studies demonstrate how rigorous behavioral pharmacological studies can be integrated in a broader drug discovery and development research program.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9669413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Computational models of stimulus equivalence: An intersection for the study of symbolic behavior 刺激等效的计算模型:符号行为研究的一个交叉点

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.829

Ángel Eugenio Tovar, Álvaro Torres-Chávez, Asieh Abolpour Mofrad, Erik Arntzen

{"title":"Computational models of stimulus equivalence: An intersection for the study of symbolic behavior","authors":"Ángel Eugenio Tovar, Álvaro Torres-Chávez, Asieh Abolpour Mofrad, Erik Arntzen","doi":"10.1002/jeab.829","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.829","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulus equivalence is a central paradigm in the analysis of symbolic behavior, language, and cognition. It describes emergent relations between stimuli that were not explicitly trained and cannot be explained by primary stimulus generalization. In recent years, researchers have developed computational models to simulate the learning of equivalence relations. These models have been used to address primary theoretical and methodological issues in this field, such as exploring the underlying mechanisms that explain emergent equivalence relations and analyzing the effects of training and testing protocols on equivalence outcomes. Nonetheless, although these models build upon general learning principles, their operation is usually obscure for nonmodelers, and in the field of stimulus equivalence computational models have been developed with a variety of approaches, architectures, and algorithms that make it difficult to understand the scope and contributions of these tools. In this paper, we present the state of the art in computational modeling of stimulus equivalence. We seek to provide concise and accessible descriptions of the models' functioning and operation, highlight their main theoretical and methodological contributions, identify the existing software available for researchers to run experiments, and suggest future directions in the emergent field of computational modeling of stimulus equivalence.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9243781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1