Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献_第9页

Expanding a laboratory model for evaluating relapse of caregiver nonadherence 扩展实验室模型以评估护理人员不依从性复发。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.873

Catherine L. Williams, Kyleigh L. Montague, Alec M. Bernstein, Nathan A. Call, Sarah K. Slocum

{"title":"Expanding a laboratory model for evaluating relapse of caregiver nonadherence","authors":"Catherine L. Williams, Kyleigh L. Montague, Alec M. Bernstein, Nathan A. Call, Sarah K. Slocum","doi":"10.1002/jeab.873","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.873","url":null,"abstract":"Caregiver adherence to treatment plans is likely maintained by negative reinforcement and can contact extinction when child responding relapses. When caregiver adherence contacts extinction, caregiver nonadherence, such as reinforcing their child's challenging behavior, relapses, threatening treatment efficacy. Previous laboratory models demonstrating the relapse of caregiver nonadherence only evaluated treatment for behavior maintained by social-positive reinforcement, not that maintained by social-negative reinforcement. These models only measured caregiver nonadherence as discrete events, which cannot capture the magnitude of each error. The present study was an evaluation of the relapse of caregiver nonadherence during simulated treatments for escape-maintained challenging behavior. First, caregivers placed demands in a home-like setting and a research confederate responded to these demands in a manner mimicking clinical clients. Next, caregivers were taught to implement treatment in a clinical setting and the confederate's behavior gradually improved. Last, caregivers returned to the home-like setting and confederate challenging behavior relapsed. Nonadherence relapsed for all caregivers, demonstrating the need for additional research on methods for mitigating caregiver relapse during treatment of children's challenging behavior and the usefulness of the proposed measurement system for future research.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"120 3","pages":"363-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9834256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prisoner's dilemma and the free operant: John Nash, I'd like you to meet Fred Skinner 囚犯的困境和自由操作：约翰·纳什，我想让你认识弗雷德·斯金纳。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.874

John V. Keller

{"title":"Prisoner's dilemma and the free operant: John Nash, I'd like you to meet Fred Skinner","authors":"John V. Keller","doi":"10.1002/jeab.874","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.874","url":null,"abstract":"In separate chambers, responding by two pairs of pigeons was reinforced under concurrent random-ratio schedules of reinforcement. For each pair, the birds' schedules were coupled in such a manner that left- and right-key reinforcement probabilities were determined by the key being pecked by the other pigeon of the pair. In this way, a reinforcement matrix, like that of the popular Prisoner's Dilemma game of game theory, was created. The responding of all subjects soon gravitated to the choice combination identified by the mathematician John Nash as the equilibrium of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. This was found both before and after reversal of contingencies on the keys. In a second experiment, with a single pair of pigeons, stimuli signaling the choice of the paired pigeon had little lasting effect: responding again gravitated to the game's equilibrium. The results affirm earlier findings, demonstrating that Skinner's principle of positive reinforcement, together with Nashian mathematics, entirely accounts for iterative game-theoretic behavior. They extend these findings to the so-called free operant: to schedules of reinforcement in which responding is not constrained by stimulus–response sequencing (i.e., a trials procedure). The coupled schedule of reinforcement introduced here offers significant promise for the experimental analysis of economic and social behaviors.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"120 3","pages":"320-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10324356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental analysis of canine behavior and cognition: Introduction to the special issue 犬类行为与认知的实验分析:特刊导论

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.867

Nathaniel J. Hall, Lucia Lazarowski, Timothy L. Edwards

引用次数: 0

Examining resurgence in rats following expanded-operant treatments 检查大鼠在扩大手术治疗后的死灰复燃。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.870

Anthony N. Nist, Timothy A. Shahan

{"title":"Examining resurgence in rats following expanded-operant treatments","authors":"Anthony N. Nist, Timothy A. Shahan","doi":"10.1002/jeab.870","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.870","url":null,"abstract":"Resurgence of previously reinforced behavior represents a challenge to otherwise successful interventions based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). Expanded-operant treatments seek to increase the number of functional alternative behaviors through DRA, thereby potentially mitigating resurgence. However, the few studies that have directly examined these methods as a tool for resurgence mitigation have provided limited and unclear results. Thus, the present experiments were designed to investigate the effect of expanded-operant DRA methods on resurgence of previously reinforced behavior using rat subjects. In two experiments, following a baseline phase in which a target response was trained, groups of rats experienced concurrent (i.e., five simultaneous alternative responses), serial (i.e., five sequentially available alternative responses), or single DRA interventions arranging similar rates of alternative reinforcement in order to examine potential differences in resurgence. Both experiments showed that neither serial nor concurrent DRA expanded-operant treatments reduced resurgence compared with single DRA regardless of whether stimuli associated with previously reinforced alternative responses were removed (Experiment 1) or remained present (Experiment 2) for the serial-DRA group. Further, a primacy effect in resurgence was obtained for the serial-DRA group in both experiments. Overall, these results suggest that expanded-operant treatments may not help to reduce resurgence.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"120 2","pages":"186-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10142246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multilevel analysis of matching behavior: A comparison of maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation 匹配行为的多层次分析：最大似然和贝叶斯估计的比较。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.872

Michael John Ilagan, Pier-Olivier Caron, Milica Miočević

{"title":"Multilevel analysis of matching behavior: A comparison of maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation","authors":"Michael John Ilagan, Pier-Olivier Caron, Milica Miočević","doi":"10.1002/jeab.872","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.872","url":null,"abstract":"While trying to infer laws of behavior, accounting for both within-subjects and between-subjects variance is often overlooked. It has been advocated recently to use multilevel modeling to analyze matching behavior. Using multilevel modeling within behavior analysis has its own challenges though. Adequate sample sizes are required (at both levels) for unbiased parameter estimates. The purpose of the current study is to compare parameter recovery and hypothesis rejection rates of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and Bayesian estimation (BE) of multilevel models for matching behavior studies. Four factors were investigated through simulations: number of subjects, number of measurements by subject, sensitivity (slope), and variance of the random effect. Results showed that both ML estimation and BE with flat priors yielded acceptable statistical properties for intercept and slope fixed effects. The ML estimation procedure generally had less bias, lower RMSE, more power, and false-positive rates closer to the nominal rate. Thus, we recommend ML estimation over BE with uninformative priors, considering our results. The BE procedure requires more informative priors to be used in multilevel modeling of matching behavior, which will require further studies.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"120 2","pages":"253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10515230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valuing the future at different temporal points: The role of time framing on discounting 在不同的时间点评估未来：时间框架对折扣的作用。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.871

Hugo E. Reyes-Huerta, Elias Robles, Cristiano V. dos Santos

{"title":"Valuing the future at different temporal points: The role of time framing on discounting","authors":"Hugo E. Reyes-Huerta, Elias Robles, Cristiano V. dos Santos","doi":"10.1002/jeab.871","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.871","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of delay discounting exhibited by individuals has been experimentally altered by manipulating the way in which time is described, a specific application of the framing effect. Previous research suggests that using specific dates to describe delays tends to lower temporal discounting and change the shape of the discounting function. The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of framing on discounting in different temporal contexts. Participants chose between hypothetical monetary gains (gains group), or between hypothetical monetary losses (losses group). Each group completed eight discounting tasks over two sessions (two choice tasks [SmallNow/SmallSoon] by two time frames [dates/calendar units] by two magnitudes. The results indicate that Mazur's model adequately described the observed discounting functions in most conditions. However, the decrease in discounting rate when both consequences were delayed only occurred when calendar units (but not dates) were used for both gains and losses. These findings suggest that framing affects the influence of a shared delay instead of changing the shape of the discounting function. Our results support the idea that time influences behavior similarly in humans and nonhumans when they choose between two delayed consequences.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"120 2","pages":"214-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10115641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Memoriam: Peter J. Urcuioli (1952–2022) 纪念:彼得·j·乌丘奥利(1952-2022)

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.869

Marco Vasconcelos, Karen M. Lionello-DeNolf, Melissa Swisher, Mary M. Sweeney

引用次数: 0

Effects of economic context and reward amount on delay and probability discounting 经济环境和奖励金额对延迟和概率贴现的影响。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.868

Molly A. B. Anderson, David J. Cox, Jesse Dallery

{"title":"Effects of economic context and reward amount on delay and probability discounting","authors":"Molly A. B. Anderson, David J. Cox, Jesse Dallery","doi":"10.1002/jeab.868","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.868","url":null,"abstract":"Steep delay and shallow probability discounting are associated with myriad problem behaviors; thus, it is important to understand factors that influence the degree of discounting. The present study evaluated the effects of economic context and reward amount on delay and probability discounting. Two hundred thirteen undergraduate psychology students completed four delay- or probability-discounting tasks. Participants were exposed to hypothetical narratives involving four bank amounts ($750, $12,000, $125,000, and $2,000,000). The delayed/probabilistic amount was $3,000 for the two smaller bank amounts and $500,000 for the two larger bank amounts. The discounting tasks included five delays to, or probabilities of, receipt of the larger amount. The area under the empirical discounting function was calculated for each participant. Participants discounted delayed and uncertain outcomes more when the bank amount was smaller than the outcome (i.e., the economic context was low). Participants discounted the delayed larger amounts less than delayed smaller amounts, even when the relative economic context was the same. In contrast, probability discounting did not differ across magnitudes, which suggests that economic context may attenuate the magnitude effect in probability discounting. The results further highlight the importance of considering the economic context in delay and probability discounting.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"120 2","pages":"204-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10143065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Reliability and validity of behavioral-economic measures: A review and synthesis of discounting and demand 行为经济指标的可靠性和有效性：折扣和需求的回顾和综合。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.860

Brandon P. Miller, Derek D. Reed, Michael Amlung

{"title":"Reliability and validity of behavioral-economic measures: A review and synthesis of discounting and demand","authors":"Brandon P. Miller, Derek D. Reed, Michael Amlung","doi":"10.1002/jeab.860","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.860","url":null,"abstract":"This review sought to synthesize the literature on the reliability and validity of behavioral-economic measures of demand and discounting in human research, introduce behavioral-economic research methodologies for studying addictive behaviors, discuss gaps in the current literature, and review areas for future research. A total of 34 studies was included in this review. The discounting literature showed similar responding regardless of whether hypothetical or actual outcomes were used, though people tended to discount the outcome presented first more steeply, suggesting order effects. Although delay-discounting measures seem to show temporal stability, exceptions were found for probability- and experiential-discounting tasks. The demand literature also demonstrated similar responding regardless of outcome type; however, some demand indices showed exceptions. Randomized price sequences tended to show modest increases in Omax and α and modestly higher rates of inconsistent or nonsystematic responses compared with sequential price sequences. Demand indices generally showed temporal stability, although the stability was weaker the larger the time interval between test sessions. Future studies would benefit by examining addictive commodities beyond alcohol, nicotine, and money; examining temporal stability over longer time intervals; using larger delays in discounting tasks; and using larger sample sizes.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"120 2","pages":"263-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10133007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A preliminary examination of the contextual interference effect on trained trick retention in domestic dogs 上下文干扰对家养狗训练后的技巧保留的影响的初步研究。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.858

Maddie G. Messina, Gal Ziv, Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere

{"title":"A preliminary examination of the contextual interference effect on trained trick retention in domestic dogs","authors":"Maddie G. Messina, Gal Ziv, Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere","doi":"10.1002/jeab.858","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.858","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to enhance current dog training practices by determining whether a finding from human motor skill learning research, the contextual interference (CI) effect, could be replicated in a trick-training paradigm with companion dogs. In humans, research shows that practicing skills in random order, as compared with blocked order, improves learning of those skills. To test this question in dogs, we randomly allocated 17 dogs to blocked training (low CI) or random training (high CI). The dogs performed three behaviors of varying difficulty. After training, we conducted a retention test in which half of the dogs in each group performed the tasks in blocked order and the other half in random order. We scored each trick, measured duration, and measured whether dogs required one or two tries to perform a behavior. We found no significant differences between dogs who practiced three tricks in random or in blocked order during training and during a retention test. This study is the first to apply the CI effect to dog trick training. Although no evidence of the CI effect was found, the current research provides a preliminary framework for future studies with potential implications for increasing retention of trained skills.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"120 1","pages":"36-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9830629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0