Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献_第9页

In Memoriam: Peter J. Urcuioli (1952–2022) 纪念:彼得·j·乌丘奥利(1952-2022)

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.869

Marco Vasconcelos, Karen M. Lionello-DeNolf, Melissa Swisher, Mary M. Sweeney

引用次数: 0

Effects of economic context and reward amount on delay and probability discounting 经济环境和奖励金额对延迟和概率贴现的影响。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.868

Molly A. B. Anderson, David J. Cox, Jesse Dallery

{"title":"Effects of economic context and reward amount on delay and probability discounting","authors":"Molly A. B. Anderson, David J. Cox, Jesse Dallery","doi":"10.1002/jeab.868","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.868","url":null,"abstract":"Steep delay and shallow probability discounting are associated with myriad problem behaviors; thus, it is important to understand factors that influence the degree of discounting. The present study evaluated the effects of economic context and reward amount on delay and probability discounting. Two hundred thirteen undergraduate psychology students completed four delay- or probability-discounting tasks. Participants were exposed to hypothetical narratives involving four bank amounts ($750, $12,000, $125,000, and $2,000,000). The delayed/probabilistic amount was $3,000 for the two smaller bank amounts and $500,000 for the two larger bank amounts. The discounting tasks included five delays to, or probabilities of, receipt of the larger amount. The area under the empirical discounting function was calculated for each participant. Participants discounted delayed and uncertain outcomes more when the bank amount was smaller than the outcome (i.e., the economic context was low). Participants discounted the delayed larger amounts less than delayed smaller amounts, even when the relative economic context was the same. In contrast, probability discounting did not differ across magnitudes, which suggests that economic context may attenuate the magnitude effect in probability discounting. The results further highlight the importance of considering the economic context in delay and probability discounting.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10143065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Reliability and validity of behavioral-economic measures: A review and synthesis of discounting and demand 行为经济指标的可靠性和有效性：折扣和需求的回顾和综合。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.860

Brandon P. Miller, Derek D. Reed, Michael Amlung

{"title":"Reliability and validity of behavioral-economic measures: A review and synthesis of discounting and demand","authors":"Brandon P. Miller, Derek D. Reed, Michael Amlung","doi":"10.1002/jeab.860","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.860","url":null,"abstract":"This review sought to synthesize the literature on the reliability and validity of behavioral-economic measures of demand and discounting in human research, introduce behavioral-economic research methodologies for studying addictive behaviors, discuss gaps in the current literature, and review areas for future research. A total of 34 studies was included in this review. The discounting literature showed similar responding regardless of whether hypothetical or actual outcomes were used, though people tended to discount the outcome presented first more steeply, suggesting order effects. Although delay-discounting measures seem to show temporal stability, exceptions were found for probability- and experiential-discounting tasks. The demand literature also demonstrated similar responding regardless of outcome type; however, some demand indices showed exceptions. Randomized price sequences tended to show modest increases in Omax and α and modestly higher rates of inconsistent or nonsystematic responses compared with sequential price sequences. Demand indices generally showed temporal stability, although the stability was weaker the larger the time interval between test sessions. Future studies would benefit by examining addictive commodities beyond alcohol, nicotine, and money; examining temporal stability over longer time intervals; using larger delays in discounting tasks; and using larger sample sizes.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10133007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A preliminary examination of the contextual interference effect on trained trick retention in domestic dogs 上下文干扰对家养狗训练后的技巧保留的影响的初步研究。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.858

Maddie G. Messina, Gal Ziv, Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere

{"title":"A preliminary examination of the contextual interference effect on trained trick retention in domestic dogs","authors":"Maddie G. Messina, Gal Ziv, Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere","doi":"10.1002/jeab.858","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.858","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to enhance current dog training practices by determining whether a finding from human motor skill learning research, the contextual interference (CI) effect, could be replicated in a trick-training paradigm with companion dogs. In humans, research shows that practicing skills in random order, as compared with blocked order, improves learning of those skills. To test this question in dogs, we randomly allocated 17 dogs to blocked training (low CI) or random training (high CI). The dogs performed three behaviors of varying difficulty. After training, we conducted a retention test in which half of the dogs in each group performed the tasks in blocked order and the other half in random order. We scored each trick, measured duration, and measured whether dogs required one or two tries to perform a behavior. We found no significant differences between dogs who practiced three tricks in random or in blocked order during training and during a retention test. This study is the first to apply the CI effect to dog trick training. Although no evidence of the CI effect was found, the current research provides a preliminary framework for future studies with potential implications for increasing retention of trained skills.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9830629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early life adversity in dogs produces altered physiological and behavioral responses during a social stress-buffering paradigm 早期生活中的逆境在狗的社会压力缓冲范式中产生改变的生理和行为反应

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-21 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.856

Alicia P. Buttner, Samantha L. Awalt, Rosemary Strasser

{"title":"Early life adversity in dogs produces altered physiological and behavioral responses during a social stress-buffering paradigm","authors":"Alicia P. Buttner, Samantha L. Awalt, Rosemary Strasser","doi":"10.1002/jeab.856","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.856","url":null,"abstract":"Although owners can act as stress buffers for their dogs, whether dogs with poor early life histories with humans will respond similarly is unknown. We tested 45 dogs, 23 of which were rescued from adverse conditions, in a social paradigm in which a threatening stranger confronted them with either their owner or an unfamiliar human present. Salivary cortisol levels were assessed at three points, and the dogs' behavior and owners' responses to questionnaires were evaluated. Dogs from adverse backgrounds engaged in greater contact and exhibited more relaxed behaviors and social referencing when their owners were present. Dogs from the comparison group explored more when accompanied by their owners. Dogs from adverse backgrounds experienced greater decreases in cortisol levels from the first to third samples relative to dogs in the comparison group. Dogs from adverse backgrounds were also more likely to respond fearfully to a threatening stranger. Their owners rated them as having higher levels of stranger-directed fear, nonsocial fear, separation-related problems, attention seeking, and lower levels of chasing and trainability. These findings from this study suggest that early adverse environments may have lasting effects on dogs' social behavior.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9794554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A comparison of paired- and multiple-stimulus-without-replacement preference assessments to identify reinforcers for dog behavior 配对和多重刺激无替代偏好评估的比较，以确定强化狗的行为

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.857

Steven W. Payne, Cintya Toledo Fulgencio, Reynafe N. Aniga

{"title":"A comparison of paired- and multiple-stimulus-without-replacement preference assessments to identify reinforcers for dog behavior","authors":"Steven W. Payne, Cintya Toledo Fulgencio, Reynafe N. Aniga","doi":"10.1002/jeab.857","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.857","url":null,"abstract":"Dogs may be relinquished to shelters and are unlikely to be adopted if they engage in problem behavior. A successful way to eliminate problem behavior is through training techniques based on behavioral principles. Obedience training with the use of positive reinforcement has been successful in treating problematic behavior by dogs. In order for this method to work, it is essential that the stimuli selected function as reinforcers. Preference assessments can be used to identify these potential reinforcers. A preference assessment is a systematic method used to identify stimuli that may serve as possible reinforcers by yielding preference hierarchies. Although preference and reinforcer assessments have been successfully used with humans, research with nonhuman animals is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and efficiency of paired-stimulus preference assessment with a multiple-stimulus preference assessment. The results suggested that the results of both preference assessments corresponded with reinforcer assessments but that the paired-stimulus method was the most efficient.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10152257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cultural differences in intertemporal decision making: A comparison between Chile and China 跨期决策的文化差异：智利与中国的比较

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.859

Andrés Raineri, Edgar Kausel, Zhang Jin, Natalia Chamorro

{"title":"Cultural differences in intertemporal decision making: A comparison between Chile and China","authors":"Andrés Raineri, Edgar Kausel, Zhang Jin, Natalia Chamorro","doi":"10.1002/jeab.859","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.859","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-cultural comparison is made of delay discounting in samples of participants from Chile and China. Comparisons are made based on previous literature that suggests that individuals from an Asian culture should be willing to postpone delayed rewards more than are individuals from a Latin American culture. To test the cross-cultural validity of a hyperbolic discounting model, the model was fitted to both data sets. Additionally, a self-enhancement measure was evaluated as a potential mediator between culture of origin and delay discounting. Seventy-eight college students from China and 120 college students from Chile, with similar demographic backgrounds, discounted hypothetical monetary outcomes using an adjusting-amount titration procedure. Additionally, participants completed a self-enhancement measure. Age, academic major, gender, and grade point average were controlled. Chilean participants discounted much more steeply than Chinese nationals did. No support was obtained for the mediation of self-enhancement between culture of origin and degree of delay discounting. In both samples, delay discounting was better described by a hyperboloid than an exponential function, the only exception being the $10,000 condition in which the medians for Chilean participants' present subjective value were equally well explained by a hyperboloid and an exponential function.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9541824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is superstitious responding a matter of detectability? A replication of Killeen (1978) 迷信反应是一个可察觉的问题吗?基林的翻版(1978)

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.855

Stephanie Gomes-Ng, Sarah Cowie, Douglas Elliffe

{"title":"Is superstitious responding a matter of detectability? A replication of Killeen (1978)","authors":"Stephanie Gomes-Ng, Sarah Cowie, Douglas Elliffe","doi":"10.1002/jeab.855","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.855","url":null,"abstract":"Organisms may sometimes behave as if a contingency exists between behavior and consequences, even if this is not actually the case. Killeen (1978) suggested that such superstition occurs because of factors that bias subjects to behave “superstitiously” rather than because of failures of discrimination. We systematically replicated Killeen's experiment and compared contingency discrimination between different consequences. Six pigeons responded in a matching-to-sample procedure in which a response-independent or response-dependent stimulus change, food delivery, or blackout occurred. The pigeons reported whether the consequence was response dependent or response independent by choosing between two side keys. Discrimination was strongest after stimulus changes, weaker after blackouts, and weakest after food deliveries. These differences persisted even after additional training, suggesting asymmetries that may reflect differences in the disruptive effects of different consequences on remembering and/or behavioral mnemonics. Importantly, the pigeons were not biased to report response-dependent consequences unless that response was consistent with locational biases; that is, they behaved “superstitiously” when there was a reason to be biased to do so. These findings corroborate Killeen's and demonstrate that behavior may deviate from contingencies not necessarily because subjects cannot discriminate those contingencies but because they are biased to behave otherwise.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10479462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do contingency-conflicting elements drop out of equivalence classes? Retesting Sidman's (2000) theory 偶然性冲突的元素会从等价类中退出吗?再检验Sidman(2000)的理论

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.853

Russell Silguero, Manish Vaidya

{"title":"Do contingency-conflicting elements drop out of equivalence classes? Retesting Sidman's (2000) theory","authors":"Russell Silguero, Manish Vaidya","doi":"10.1002/jeab.853","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.853","url":null,"abstract":"Sidman's (2000) theory of stimulus equivalence states that all positive elements in a reinforcement contingency enter an equivalence class. The theory also states that if an element from an equivalence class conflicts with a reinforcement contingency, the conflicting element will “drop out” of the class. Minster et al. (2006) found evidence that a conflicting reinforcer does not drop out of an equivalence class. To explain their results, they proposed that the reinforcer enters the class via pairing after conditional relations have been established, and when there is a conflict between the class and the contingencies, conditionally related elements that have a longer history in the class and that were brought in via reinforcement will exert stronger control. In the current study, stimulus-reinforcer relations were established before conditional relations to assess the role of developmental order of stimulus relations on conditional-discrimination performance. The results replicate the findings of Minster et al. (2006) but suggest that developmental order may not be an important factor contributing to maintained accuracy on baseline conditional relations. An interpretation of “dropping out” in terms of differentiated subclasses is discussed. The relevance of the results to the phenomenon known as the differential outcomes effect is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relating relational networks: An initial experimental analysis 关联关系网络：初步实验分析。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.854

Cainã T. Gomes, William F. Perez, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Colin Harte

{"title":"Relating relational networks: An initial experimental analysis","authors":"Cainã T. Gomes, William F. Perez, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Colin Harte","doi":"10.1002/jeab.854","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.854","url":null,"abstract":"Studying relating of relational networks is a complex and challenging task. The main objective of the present study was to demonstrate relating within and across relational networks based on same/opposite and bigger/smaller contextual cues and establish antecedent control. After nonarbitrary pretraining of the contextual cues, two nonsense stimulus classes were established based on comparative relations. Participants were trained to select stimuli from an array of options based on a symbolic rule that established a relation between two stimuli: one of Network 1 and one of Network 2. Training involved relating Network 1 to Network 2, and testing assessed relating Network 2 to Network 1. Seven of eight participants reached the mastery criterion in training and responded accordingly in test. In a final stage, reinforcing and punishing consequences were varied systematically in the presence of two novel stimuli and antecedent control was observed for all 7 participants. Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 but using contextual cues taken from natural language, and Experiment 3 sought to understand the effects of pretraining relational responding using natural language. The mastery criteria were reached by four of seven participants in Experiment 2 and by all eight participants in Experiment 3. Future studies could develop and refine the methods employed here in analyzing the relating of relational networks, thus allowing for an increasingly sophisticated behavior-analytic account of human language and cognition.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10515192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1