Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"Blind Love, Risky Romance: Exposure to Romantic Cues Increases Nonmoral and Immoral Risk Taking.","authors":"Heng Li","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13096","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Love and risk are often intricately intertwined within linguistic and cultural conventions. This study experimentally tested the hypothesis that risk-taking attitudes and behaviors are systematically influenced by romantic primes. To evaluate our theoretical framework, we conducted four complementary experiments utilizing various priming techniques (lexical cues, advertisements, and storytelling), diverse participant populations (students and general adults), and multiple measures of risk-taking behavior (self-report and behavioral data). Study 1 compared students' tendencies to engage in risk taking when exposed to romantic cues versus neutral primes. Studies 2 and 3 aimed to provide behavioral confirmation of the observed effects in nonmoral and immoral risk-taking behaviors among nonstudent participants. Study 4 sought to provide more direct evidence regarding the role of self-control in explaining the effects of romantic cues on risk taking. We found both correlational and experimental evidence indicating that participants primed with romantic cues exhibited a higher likelihood of engaging in nonmoral and immoral risk-taking behaviors compared to those exposed to neutral conditions. Across the studies, self-control was identified as a mediating factor in the observed effects. In sum, our research demonstrates that the mere presence of romantic themes significantly influences the propensity to engage in risky behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"446-457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outfits Serve as Symbols for Overlapping Feminine and STEM Identity Goals.","authors":"Sadia Zaman, Hanna Spychalska-Waszek, Johannes T Doerflinger, Peter M Gollwitzer, Katarzyna Byrka","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13093","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) juggle between their feminine and professional identity goals. The present research views these struggles from the perspective of identity goal pursuits. Women in STEM may use different, sometimes even symbolic, ways to strive for the two identity goals, for example, by wearing outfits that reflect femininity, their profession, or both. In two studies, we tested to what extent these two goals overlap (are seen as similar) and whether the higher overlap between feminine and STEM professional identity goals is related to the preference for outfits that may serve two goals at the same time or only one of them. In Study 1 (N = 232), we found that willingness to wear an outfit serving both identity goals was positively related to the participant's identity goal overlap. Study 2 (N = 226) showed that overlap was related to the evaluation of the chosen outfits. Participants evaluating the chosen outfits as more multifinal reported higher overlap between the two identity goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"411-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"She Asked for It? Descriptions of Victims' Behaviors Are Associated With Sentencing in Norwegian Rape Trials.","authors":"Kirsten Rønning Rinde, Tea Vučić, Maria Grønland Andresen, Audun Havnen, Stian Solem","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feminist theorists have long argued that rape myths contribute to normalizing sexual assault, through belittling and denying rape victims' claims. This study examines whether descriptions of victims' behaviors are associated with sentencing in rape trials. A total of 2054 Norwegian court decisions from 2013 to 2023 in judicial records were screened. Fifty-one of these included descriptions of the victims' behavior as operationalized by a subscale of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale called \"She Asked For It\" (IRMAS-SAFI; type of clothing, going to a room alone with a guy at a party, previous sexual behavior, saying no unclearly, and kissing). Matching cases without such descriptions were then selected, resulting in a total sample of 102 court decisions. In addition, a randomly selected comparison group (n = 51) was included for robustness analysis. Results revealed that defendants who had attacked a victim in the IRMAS-SAFI group were sentenced to fewer months in prison (M = 25.3, SD = 20.9) than defendants from the comparison group (M = 41.7, SD = 13.3). This type of description of victims' behavior was significantly associated with shorter prison sentences when controlling for medical evidence, age of the defendant, and use of violence. The results indicate that implementing measures to reduce the influence of rape myths on judges' evaluations in rape trials could lead to fairer court decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Anxiety, Depression and Subjective Wellbeing Among Musicians in Denmark: Findings From the 'When Music Speaks' Project.","authors":"George Musgrave, Sally Anne Gross, Daniel Carney","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13095","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some studies have suggested that professional musicians may suffer from elevated levels of mental ill health compared to both non-professional musicians and the general public. The aim of this study was to explore the levels of anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing among musicians in a country famed for high levels of wellbeing: Denmark. More specifically, we sought to evaluate the impact of age, gender, income, and subjective career status (SCS)-that is, seeing music as one's main career-on these variables. 986 musicians from a range of career stages and genres (both popular-or rhythmic as it is referred to in Denmark-and classical) completed a survey measuring anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and measuring subjective wellbeing using Cantril's self-anchoring scale. Multiple regression models were used to explore the relationship between the four independent variables and our three outcome measure scores. Additionally, the sample was split on the basis of their respective significant predictor variables combined in order to observe between-group differences. Firstly, we found that age, gender, and SCS-but not income-significantly predicted anxiety scores. Being younger, being female, and viewing music-making as one's main career all predicted higher levels of anxiety. Demographic group comparisons confirmed that younger female musicians who viewed music-making as their main career were particularly at risk in comparison to other groups. Secondly, age (younger) and gender (female) were also predictors of higher depression scores, but SCS status and income category were not. Lastly, age (younger), gender (female), and income (membership of the three lowest income categories) predicted lower scores on the subjective wellbeing measure. The fact that income did not significantly predict anxiety or depression scores suggested that elevated levels of either of these experienced by career-oriented musicians might not relate to income, or at least may not be solely income-related. Our findings contribute towards literature that seeks to better understand the determinants of elevated levels of mental ill health among musicians and towards research into mental health and wellbeing in Denmark more generally.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"429-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can a Universal Mindfulness Intervention in Schools Reduce ADHD Symptoms among Adolescents? A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Marianne Holopainen, Mirka Hintsanen, Jari Lahti, Tero Vahlberg, Salla-Maarit Volanen","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13090","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing studies suggest that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) can reduce ADHD symptoms when delivered as targeted clinical programs to young people diagnosed with ADHD. However, there is currently a lack of research on whether MBIs are effective in reducing elevated ADHD symptoms when delivered as universal programs to whole classes in schools. This study investigated the effects of a universal nine-week MBI (.b program) on students' elevated ADHD symptoms using an cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. The modifying effects of pupils' baseline characteristics (gender, age, and socioeconomic status) and home-practice intensity were examined. A total of 3519 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from Finnish schools were randomized into an MBI group, a relaxation-based active-control group, and a passive-control group. ADHD symptoms were measured at baseline (T0), at nine weeks (T9), and at 26-weeks (T26, follow-up) using parent-reported assessments. The study found no positive intervention effects on parent-reported ADHD symptoms in the MBI group compared to the control groups. Neither boys nor girls benefited from the MBI. The same was true of different age groups and socioeconomic levels. Moreover, regular home practice during the follow-up period did not strengthen the intervention effects. The results do not support the use of brief, universal MBIs in whole school classes as part of the routine curriculum to reduce elevated ADHD symptoms in adolescents. Further research is essential to identify optimal content and delivery methods for MBIs in schools. Particularly among adolescents with elevated ADHD symptoms, targeted MBIs, adapted to the unique needs of this subgroup, should be examined. Trial Registration: Healthy Learning Mind-a school-based mindfulness and relaxation program: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) ISRCTN18642659 retrospectively registered on 13 October 2015. The full trial protocol can be accessed at http://rdcu.be/t57S.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"338-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Roles of Gender, Age, and Sport Characteristics on School and Sport Burnout in Finnish Lower Secondary School Student Athletes.","authors":"Daniel J Phipps, Milla Saarinen, Joni Kuokkanen, Jan-Erik Romar","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13092","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>School sport programs for lower secondary school in Finland (i.e., Grades 7-9) show great promise in helping student athletes prepare for careers in both sport and academic pursuits. However, it has also been found that participation in these programs is highly competitive and demanding and may result in poor mental health outcomes like burnout for some students. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how burnout in sport and school in Finnish lower secondary school students was associated with gender, age, training loads, level of competition, and sport type. A sample of 856 lower secondary school students (Grades 7-9, ages 13-15 years old) completed measures of sport and school burnout and provided information on their demographics and sport. Gender, age, training loads, level of competition, and sport type predicted a small but significant portion of variance in sport-related exhaustion, cynicism, and inadequacy, and in school-related exhaustion, but not school cynicism or inadequacy. Females and student athletes with higher training loads generally reported higher levels of burnout, while only a small number of effects related to age, competition level, and type of sport were observed. Lower secondary sports schools in Finland might aim to understand the difficulties encountered by student athletes, particularly females and those with higher training loads. This understanding can guide them in taking informed, practical measures to safeguard the mental health of these students and optimize their performance both academically and athletically.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"390-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mixture Modeling of the Behavioral Activation System and Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents: The Role of Metacognition, Online Dissociation, and Insomnia.","authors":"Oğuzhan Çelik, Ragıp Ümit Yalçın, Mustafa Eşkisu","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13091","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the rapidly developing technological advancements, the overuse of the Internet has led to the emergence of problematic Internet use, which has become a part of our daily lives. This study aims to investigate the relationships between problematic Internet use, Behavioral Activation System (BAS), metacognition, online dissociative experiences, and insomnia. Participants were 341 Turkish adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years (Mean = 15.49, SD = 1.03), of whom 63% were female. Participants responded to the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation System Scale, Metacognition Questionnaire, Van Online Dissociative Experiences Schedule, Insomnia Severity Index, and Chen Internet Addiction Scale. The mixture structural equation modeling approach was used to analyze the data. We found a positive relationship between BAS and metacognition, as well as insomnia, and a negative relationship with online dissociation. Furthermore, BAS was indirectly related to problematic Internet use via metacognition, online dissociation, and insomnia. The mixture analysis grouped participants into two latent classes. The first class (76%) had low levels of metacognition, online dissociation, insomnia, and problematic Internet use and high levels of behavioral activation while the second class (24%) had low levels of behavioral activation and high levels of metacognition, online dissociation, insomnia, and problematic Internet use. These findings indicate that individuals with high impulsivity, a tendency toward fun-seeking, and reward sensitivity are predisposed to excessively use the Internet and that metacognition, online dissociative experiences, and insomnia play a determining role in this behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"355-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhaustion Disorder in Primary Care: A Comparison With Major Depressive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder.","authors":"Victoria Sennerstam, Erik Hedman-Lagerlöf, Gustav Nilsonne, Mats Lekander, Christian Rück, John Wallert, Erland Axelsson, Elin Lindsäter","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exhaustion disorder (ED) was introduced to the Swedish version of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) 2005. Primarily characterized by general fatigue and cognitive deficits, ED has become one of the most common mental health diagnoses in Sweden. Little is still known regarding the discriminative validity of the ED diagnosis and how it relates to other diagnostic constructs. The study aimed to investigate the discriminative validity of ED compared with two similar diagnoses, major depressive disorder (MDD) and adjustment disorder (AD). Using data from a sample of patients with a principal diagnosis of either ED (n = 352), MDD (n = 99), or AD (n = 302), we compared demographic and clinical variables and scores on self-report symptom scales. Results showed that ED patients were of a higher age and had a higher frequency of sickness absence than MDD and AD patients. There was a substantial overlap of symptoms between ED and MDD, only differing on two of nine self-report symptom scales, with ED patients rating lower work ability d = -0.37 and alcohol consumption d = -0.57. Compared with AD patients, ED patients reported more severe symptoms in every symptom domain. Given the prevalent use of ED diagnosis, its diagnostic validity and clinical usefulness merit further attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"315-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of the Invisibility Scale.","authors":"Christopher Kehlet Ebbrecht, Preben Bertelsen","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of social invisibility describes the devaluation of the perceived social and personal worth of an individual. This paper presents the theoretical foundation for this construct, and the development and validation of the \"Invisibility Scale\" capturing experiences of and needs for social (in)visibility within (i) intimate, (ii) legal, and (iii) communal relations. We developed and validated the Invisibility Scale in two studies. In Study I (n = 944), we formulated 80 items and tested their underlying factor structure using Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA). In Study II (n = 846), we aimed to replicate the factor structure identified in Study I on a novel sample using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and establish criterion-related validity and construct validity using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Our results supported the development of two separate scales for measuring experiences of social invisibility (\"Invisibility Scale_EXP\") and needs for social visibility (\"Invisibility Scale_NEED\") Each scale consisted of 12 items (four items for each subfactor of intimate, legal, and communal relations). Evidence for construct validity between the Invisibility Scales and relevant constructs like Moral Disengagement, Sense of Coherence, and Violent Extremist Attitudes was mixed. Based on our findings, we present the two Invisibility Scales as preliminary validated measures of social invisibility. We encourage future research to replicate our findings, as well as looking more into other potentially mediating and moderating factors between social invisibility and its emotional, cognitive, and behavioral correlates.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"370-389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Do Conservatives Really Have an Advantage in Mental Health? An Examination of Measurement Invariance.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13109","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retraction: E. Dutton, and E. Kirkeggard, \"Do Conservatives Really Have an Advantage in Mental Health? An Examination of Measurement Invariance,\" Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 66, no. 1 (2025): 76-84, https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13065. The above article, published online on 24 August 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair; The Scandinavian Psychological Associations; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Following publication of this article, concerns were raised by third parties about the conclusions drawn by the authors based on the data provided. The publisher and the journal have investigated these concerns and have concluded that the article contains major errors involving methods, theory, and normatively biased language. These errors bring into doubt the conclusions drawn by the authors. Therefore, the parties agree that the article must be retracted. The authors disagree with the decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}