Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"Daily Boredom and Daily Life Satisfaction: A Daily Diary Study of Meaning in Life as a Mediator.","authors":"Youling Bai, Mingxi Zhang, Yanling Liu","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although prior research has demonstrated that boredom is associated with lower life satisfaction at the between-person level, the within-person association between them and its mediating mechanism remains unexplored. Therefore, the present study employed a daily diary design to examine whether daily boredom predicted daily life satisfaction and whether this association was mediated by meaning in life. Over two consecutive weeks, 146 Chinese college students (M_age = 20.75, 44.5% female) completed daily assessments of boredom, meaning in life, and life satisfaction. A multilevel 1-1-1 mediation model was used to separate within-person associations from between-person differences and to examine the indirect effect of daily boredom on daily life satisfaction through daily meaning in life. At the within-person level, higher daily boredom was related to lower daily life satisfaction. Moreover, daily meaning in life significantly mediated this within-person association, such that greater daily boredom predicted lower daily meaning in life, which in turn predicted lower daily life satisfaction. These findings clarify the within-person psychological process linking daily boredom to life satisfaction and suggest that enhancing meaning in life may help improve the daily life satisfaction of emerging adults experiencing boredom.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honor Concerns, Ambivalent Sexism and IPV Victimization in Italian and Turkish Samples: Country and Gender Differences.","authors":"Cristina Cabras, Veronica Virdis, Metehan Çelik, Idil Eren Kurt, Cristina Sechi","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant global public health issue. Its prevalence and social acceptance exhibit substantial variation across cultural contexts. Cultural belief systems, such as honor culture and ambivalent sexism, have been identified as significant factors shaping gender roles and attitudes toward violence in intimate relationships. However, the intersection of honor culture, ambivalent sexism, and IPV victimization remains underexplored in cross-cultural research. The current study examines country and gender differences in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) victimization, honor culture, and ambivalent sexism through a cross-cultural comparison of Italian and Turkish university students. A battery of self-report measures was administered to 1249 Italian and Turkish university students aged 18-25 (55.7% female, 44.3% male). A 2 × 2 MANOVA was conducted to assess the effects of gender and country on IPV victimization, honor concerns, and ambivalent sexism. Results showed no significant main effect of gender on IPV victimization. However, a significant main effect of culture emerged: univariate analyzes revealed that Turkish students reported higher levels of IPV victimization compared to their Italian peers (p < 0.001). Significant gender and country differences were also found in honor concerns, with a gender × culture interaction indicating that patterns of honor endorsement varied across countries. Moreover, Turkish males and females reported higher levels of both benevolent and hostile sexism compared to their Italian counterparts. These findings underscore the relevance of both gender and cultural context on experiences and attitudes related to IPV, honor, and sexism. The results support and extend previous research, highlighting the importance of incorporating cultural variables when addressing intimate partner violence. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination Refusal in Sweden: Anti-Vaccination Attitudes and the Role of Contrarian Worldviews, Political Orientation, and Psychological Dispositions.","authors":"Natasha Nowicka, Amanda Remsö, Emma A Renström","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Why do some people refuse vaccination? The current study contributes to answering this question by examining multiple predictors of COVID-19 vaccination refusal in Sweden. We further explore how these predictors are associated with anti-vaccination attitudes and to what extent anti-vaccination attitudes mediate the association with vaccination refusal. Using original survey data from 1293 Swedish citizens analyzed with structural equation modeling, we examined whether anti-vaccination attitudes accounted for associations between contrarian worldviews (e.g., conspiracy mentality, climate change denial), political orientations (e.g., right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation), psychological dispositions (e.g., need for cognitive closure, need to belong), and demographic factors with COVID-19 vaccination refusal in Sweden. Contrarian worldviews were strongly associated with higher anti-vaccination attitudes, which were in turn associated with higher likelihood of vaccination refusal. Political orientation variables contributed little unique explanatory value beyond contrarian worldviews. A small indirect effect emerged for social dominance orientation, though all direct associations between political orientation and vaccination outcomes were nonsignificant. Psychological dispositions demonstrated differentiated patterns, with need for cognitive closure and need to belong showing direct associations with vaccination refusal, and anxiety positively associated with anti-vaccination attitudes. These findings imply that contrarian worldviews may be more relevant than ideology in understanding anti-vaccination attitudes and vaccination refusal.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Makes Adolescents Defend Others Against Cyberhate? Insights From the Normative Social Behavior, Social Learning, and Planned Behavior Theories.","authors":"Olga Jiménez-Díaz, Esperanza Espino, Rosario Del Rey, Joaquín A Mora-Merchán","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most adolescents experience cyberhate primarily as bystanders. Understanding their behavior, particularly their defending behaviors, is crucial to mitigate the phenomenon and its negative effects. While prior studies have explored factors influencing these responses, further research is needed to understand how these factors interact within robust theoretical frameworks. To address this gap, this study examined adolescents' defending behaviors to cyberhate through three psychological theories: (1) the Theory of Normative Social Behavior (TNSB; social norms); (2) Social Learning Theory (SLT; social norms, self-efficacy, prior victimization and perpetration experiences, and motivators such as the need for online popularity); and (3) the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; attitude towards helping, perceived control, subjective norms and intention to help). A total of 2539 Spanish secondary school students (49.1% boys, 49.2% girls, and 1.7% others) aged 11-18 years (M = 14.07, SD = 1.39) participated filling a self-reported survey. Three structural equation models were estimated to test the specific variables of each theoretical framework while controlling for gender and age. Results revealed that all three models significantly explained defensive behaviors. Across the models, explained variance reached up to 50.8%. The most relevant factors were subjective norms, injunctive norms from friends, family, and teachers, and perceived self-efficacy. Girls and younger students were more likely to react defensively. This study represents a clear advance in the understanding of defensive behavior in the face of cyberhate, both in a theoretical and practical framework and thus contributes to optimizing the holistic approach to this emerging phenomenon in virtual contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Bullying Victimization and Loneliness in Undergraduates: Mediating Roles of Emotion Suppression and Rumination.","authors":"Madeline A Komar, Kristie L Poole, Raha Hassan, Arianna Davids, Louis A Schmidt","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood bullying victimization experiences contribute to higher levels of loneliness in adulthood, but the mechanism underlying this relation is unclear. Potentially, individual differences in emotion regulation may underlie the relation between childhood bullying victimization and adult loneliness. The present study examined whether tendencies towards emotion suppression and rumination mediated the relation between retrospective bullying experiences and current loneliness in young adults. Undergraduate participants (N = 289, M_age = 19.09 years, SD_age = 2.89 years) completed self-reported questionnaires to assess retrospective bullying, tendencies towards the use of emotion suppression and rumination, and loneliness. We found significant direct effects of retrospective bullying victimization on the use of emotion suppression and rumination strategies, as well as direct effects of the tendency towards emotion suppression and rumination strategies on self-reported adult loneliness. We found significant indirect effects of retrospective bullying experiences in predicting increased current loneliness through greater emotion suppression and through greater rumination. These results suggest that bullying victimization may be related to individuals' use of rumination and emotion suppression and subsequent increased loneliness in young adulthood. Future research should investigate methods of promoting non-avoidance based emotion regulation strategies among individuals who experienced childhood bullying victimization to disrupt negative developmental trajectories leading to adverse psychosocial outcomes such as loneliness in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Heterogeneity Among Preschoolers Recruited as Infants Due to Elevated Likelihood of Autism: A Sibling Study.","authors":"Lisa L Axelsson, Terje Falck-Ytter, Pär Nyström, Mikaéla Andric Blom, Matilda A Frick","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and developmental language disorder (DLD) are neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) that share etiological factors and frequently co-occur. Despite this, they have rarely been studied together-particularly in relation to functional outcomes. In this study, we investigate the association between the developmental pattern of sustained visual attention in infancy and number of diagnoses, and map the clinical profile of 6-year-old children. A cohort of 6-year-olds, originally recruited in infancy due to elevated (n = 42) or low (n = 7) likelihood of ASD, were assessed for sustained visual attention, diagnostic outcomes, general adaptive functioning, intellectual abilities, and language skills. Participants were grouped based on the number of NDC diagnoses (ASD, ADHD, DLD, and/or Subthreshold ASD) they received at follow-up. We could not find statistical support for an association between sustained visual attention and number of diagnoses. Findings revealed no significant differences in adaptive functioning, intellectual abilities, or language skills between children with no diagnosis (n = 24) and those with a single diagnosis (n = 15). However, children with two or more diagnoses (n = 10) scored significantly lower in general adaptive functioning, intellectual ability, language production, and verbal comprehension compared to those with only one or no diagnosis. The results indicate that compared to children with only one diagnosis or no diagnosis, children with two or more diagnoses scored lower on several key functional domains, emphasizing the need to prioritize children with multiple diagnoses or confirmed functional impairment in clinical settings. Moreover, the findings indicate that a single diagnosis in preschool-aged children should not be a stand-alone outcome measure in sibling studies, if the goal is to identify early processes that predict meaningful differences in everyday functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting the Intensity of Vocal Emotions Across Cultures.","authors":"Yachan Liang, Roeland van Hout, Vincent J van Heuven","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensity is a fundamental dimension of emotions that affects their perception. However, theoretical and empirical studies on intensity, particularly in the vocal domain, remain limited. Furthermore, research on the effects of emotional dimensions (e.g., arousal, valence, and basicness) on intensity ratings remains sparse. This study investigates cross-cultural intensity ratings using the Demo (Dutch) and Koremo (Korean) corpora, each based on eight actors vocalizing eight emotions by pronouncing a pseudo-sentence. Both corpora were rated on intensity by Dutch and Korean listeners. The first goal is to examine the presence of in-group bias in intensity ratings across all responses and correct responses. The second goal is to assess the relative contributions of arousal, valence, and basicness to intensity ratings across all responses and correct responses. To achieve these goals, we conducted an intensity-rating experiment in which all participants rated the intensity of each emotion they perceived on a 4-point scale (1 = low intensity; 4 = high intensity). Participants consisted of 31 native Dutch listeners and 24 native Korean listeners, none of whom had prior knowledge of the other group's culture or language. Our results corroborate earlier findings and shed new light on intensity ratings of vocal emotions. First, contrary to previous findings, we did not find an in-group bias in intensity ratings, such that neither listener group gave higher ratings to emotions produced in their native language than in the unknown language. Second, intensity ratings were higher for high-arousal than for low-arousal emotions, for negative than for positive emotions, and for basic than for non-basic emotions. Notably, intensity ratings are more strongly correlated with arousal and basicness than valence, supporting earlier findings that high-arousal emotions are characterized by increased intensity. Despite the significant effects of arousal, valence, and basicness on intensity ratings, these dimensions do not yield a successful dichotomy of emotions in terms of intensity, since some emotions violate the general patterns of intensity ratings based on these three dimensions. Additionally, intensity ratings were higher for correct than incorrect responses. Together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of intensity in vocal emotion across cultures. Instead of an in-group bias, listeners tended to rate specific emotions as more intense, even when expressed in a non-native language. Although intensity ratings were affected by arousal, valence, and basicness, none of these dimensions provided a strict dichotomy of the eight emotions in intensity, since intensity ratings for certain emotions cannot be reliably predicted from the general patterns. Together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of intensity in vocal emotion across cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"983-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playing for Keeps: Long-Term Recall With an Application Using Virtual Reality and the Method of Loci.","authors":"Josefin Hagström, Anders Winman","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strategies that provide spatial context to study material have been successfully utilized combined with virtual 3D technology to improve memory and learning. However, research suggests that memory enhancement effects relying on visualization may be of a short-term nature. The current study aimed to test whether these effects persist after a retention interval of 3 weeks. Additionally, we explored correlations with perceived efficiency, motivation, and gaming experience. German nouns with gender assignment were presented to 48 participants, either without or within a provided spatial context by a virtual reality application. Experimental effects persisted over a three-week retention interval and were unrelated to motivation and gaming experience. These effects were pronounced, with a 50% memory boost in the experimental condition and increased over time, suggesting decreased forgetting rate. Findings provide insights on the potential of learning applications based on spatial memory and individual factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1090-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Maternal Cumulative Psychological Distress and Child Subsequent Social Competence: The Role of Early Childhood Education and Care and Social Networks.","authors":"Katja Tervahartiala, Eeva-Leena Kataja, Laura Perasto, Niina Junttila, Marjukka Pajulo, Hasse Karlsson, Noona Kiuru, Saara Nolvi, Linnea Karlsson, Riikka Korja","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal psychological distress may have adverse effects on child socioemotional development. However, supportive social networks and participation in out-of-home childcare may serve as key protective factors and promote positive developmental outcomes. This study investigated whether maternal cumulative psychological distress is associated with children's (n = 528) social competence at the age of 5 years (M = 5.02, SD = 0.08) in Finland. Latent profile analyses (LPA) were conducted to identify latent classes of maternal cumulative symptoms of depression, anxiety, and parenting stress. Associations between these profiles and children's prosocial and antisocial behavior were examined. Additionally, the moderating effects of the child's age at entry into Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) and maternal supportive social networks were analyzed. The results showed that chronically high maternal psychological distress was subsequently associated with child's higher impulsivity, higher disruptiveness, and lower empathy. We found no evidence of early ECEC attendance or mother's social networks as moderators between maternal symptoms and child's behavior. Nevertheless, mother's supportive social networks were beneficial for all children and associated with child's higher empathy and cooperation skills. These findings underscore the need for early identification of maternal psychological distress symptoms. Moreover, social networks may serve as valuable resources for families with young children and support child development, even though they did not buffer the effects of maternal distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1074-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneath the Surface of Unfounded Belief Systems: An Extended Test of the Dimensionality Hypothesis.","authors":"Albina Gallyamova, Elizaveta Komyaginskaya, Dmitry Grigoryev","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tests the dimensionality hypothesis, according to which diverse epistemically unfounded beliefs share a single underlying liability in addition to domain-specific components. We focus on conspiracy, paranormal, pseudoscientific, religious, and pseudo-profound (\"bullshit\") beliefs and examine whether their covariance structure is best captured by a common factor plus residual domain-specific factors. Using a nationally representative Russian sample (N = 1268), we modeled the five belief domains with competing confirmatory factor analysis models. We compared one-factor, correlated factors, higher order, and bifactor specifications, with the bifactor model prespecified as the focal test of the dimensionality hypothesis. We then related the general and domain-specific factors to cognitive and motivational antecedents. A prespecified bifactor solution, in which a general factor explained about half of the common variance while specific factors captured residual domain structure, provided the best fit. Conventional domain scores may systematically confound the general liability with domain-specific variance, potentially distorting cross-domain comparisons and inferences about domain-specific antecedents. Some cognitive and motivational antecedents emerged as central correlates of the general factor, whereas conspiracy, religious, pseudoscientific, paranormal, and pseudo-profound beliefs each showed distinct additional profiles. The findings support a dimensional view of epistemically unfounded beliefs anchored in a common cognitive-motivational architecture. We discuss the general factor as potentially reflecting an evolved predisposition favoring Type I errors (the \"smoke detector principle\") and archaic magical thinking, plausibly implemented at the proximate level in low-dimensional psychological \"conceptual spaces\" that align heterogeneous beliefs along a shared axis of receptivity to epistemically unfounded claims. Explicitly modeling this structure is crucial for valid measurement, comparison, and targeted intervention across epistemically unfounded belief domains, as opposed to relying on undifferentiated composite scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1119-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}