{"title":"Pro-Science Beliefs: The Role of Analytic Thinking and Epistemic Values.","authors":"Sinem Yilmaz, Tomas Ståhl","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13114","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present research examined whether analytic thinking and valuing rationality predict pro-science beliefs and skepticism toward alternative medicine. We hypothesized that analytic thinking would be more strongly positively associated with pro-science beliefs and skepticism toward alternative medicine among people who strongly (vs. weakly) value being rational. In two studies, participants (N<sub>S1</sub> = 470 and N<sub>S2</sub> = 512) completed measures of analytic thinking, valuing rationality, pro-science belief, and skepticism toward alternative medicine. We used hierarchical regression analyses to test our hypotheses. In Study 1, there was a stronger association between analytic thinking and both science beliefs and skepticism toward alternative medicine among those who strongly (vs. weakly) value being rational. In Study 2, the stronger association between analytic thinking and skepticism toward alternative medicine among those who strongly (vs. weakly) value being rational remained, but we did not replicate results from Study 1 on science beliefs. Pooled analyses across the two studies provided support for both of our hypotheses. Analytic thinking is particularly strongly associated with pro-science beliefs and skepticism toward alternative medicine among people who value being rational. These findings highlight that both motivational and cognitive factors contribute to evidence-based beliefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"702-716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adult ADHD-Related Poor Quality of Life: Investigating the Role of Procrastination.","authors":"Ruth Netzer Turgeman, Yehuda Pollak","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13117","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The link between Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and reduced quality of life (QoL) has been well established. The current study examines the role of procrastination in explaining this link, providing a new focus for research and therapy. This study examines the involvement of procrastination in accounting for ADHD-related reduced QoL. Adult participants (N = 132) completed an online survey consisting of validated scales to assess ADHD symptoms, procrastination levels, and QoL. An indirect pathway between ADHD and quality of life through procrastination was examined. Higher levels of ADHD symptoms correlated with higher procrastination and lower quality-of-life scores. Indirect pathways between ADHD symptoms and poor QoL through levels of procrastination were identified. These results shed further light on ADHD and its association with reduced QoL and account for this link by the negative impact of procrastination on day-to-day functioning. Future research is warranted to design effective interventions for consumers with ADHD-related procrastination, targeting different aspects of quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"729-737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Ventura-Egoávil, José Genshiro Shimabukuro-Lara, Juandiego Ismael Zagal-Sanchez
{"title":"Populism as a Catalyst for Extremism: An Analysis of Its Relationship With Conspiracy Beliefs and Ideological Radicalization.","authors":"José Ventura-Egoávil, José Genshiro Shimabukuro-Lara, Juandiego Ismael Zagal-Sanchez","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents an empirical model examining the explanatory relationship between three constructs: populism, conspiracy beliefs, and extremist attitudes-defined as attitudes of rejection and destruction toward democratic systems, manifested through violent acts, and even terrorism. The research was conducted in an emerging economy country, using a representative sample of 400 citizens in full exercise of their civil rights. Data were analyzed using correlational analysis and a mediation model to test the influence of populist attitudes on extremist attitudes, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. Findings indicate that populist attitudes influence extremist attitudes, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. This suggests that individuals with populist attitudes are more prone to general extremism, amplified by conspiracy theories. An increase in populist attitudes may heighten inclinations toward violent extremism. Additionally, populist attitudes were found to explain both right- and left-wing radicalism, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. However, contrary to findings in Europe and the United States, populism exhibited a highly significant relationship with left-wing radicalism in this context. The study concludes that populism poses a greater risk than traditional ideologized radicalisms due to its ability to directly influence extremist attitudes, potentially translating into violent and even terrorist behaviors. This finding underscores the urgency of addressing populism as a sociopolitical phenomenon capable of exacerbating extremist dynamics in contemporary contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Scott, Kristie L Poole, Louis A Schmidt, Raha Hassan
{"title":"Caring Too Much or Too Little? Relations Among Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Empathy, and Prosociality in Emerging Adulthood.","authors":"Rachel Scott, Kristie L Poole, Louis A Schmidt, Raha Hassan","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13116","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most previous work examining relations between social withdrawal and social cognition has focused primarily on empathy-related behaviors in shy children. However, there are different underlying reasons to withdraw from social interactions, which may be differentially related to aspects of social cognition throughout the lifespan. The present study investigated relations among the different motivations for social withdrawal (i.e., shyness, avoidance, and unsociability) and indices of social cognition, including cognitive (i.e., perspective taking) and affective (i.e., empathic concern and personal distress) empathy, and prosocial behavior during emerging adulthood. Participants included 588 Canadian undergraduate students (M<sub>age</sub> = 18.91 years; 80% female), who completed self-report questionnaires assessing social withdrawal and empathy, and participated in the Dictator Game to assess sharing behavior. A series of multiple linear regressions revealed that the different motivations for social withdrawal were differentially associated with the three components of empathy and prosocial behavior. Shyness was positively associated with empathic concern and personal distress, whereas avoidance was negatively associated with empathic concern, perspective taking, and prosocial behavior. Unsociability was positively associated with perspective taking and negatively associated with personal distress. These findings have implications for our understanding of the different motivations for social withdrawal, and how each motivation influences how individuals connect with, relate to, and understand others.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"717-728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-Report Questionnaires to Measure Big Five Personality Traits in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Giada Vicentini, Daniela Raccanello, Roberto Burro","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13110","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personality can be described by referring to the so-called Big Five traits, that is, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. These dimensions contribute to explaining individual differences not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Although many authors used adult or other-report instruments to assess the Big Five in young people, others developed or adapted specific self-report measures for them. A systematic overview of research articles developing or validating self-report questionnaires to measure the Big Five traits in children and/or adolescents is currently absent. Accordingly, a review of the literature seems necessary to better guide practitioners and researchers interested in this assessment. We consulted PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus. We extracted 20 articles from the initial 1449 records and another 4 articles by consulting their references. They described 10 questionnaires developed for 7-18-year-olds (with one exception). We provided detailed summaries of their language, trait labels, facets, length, item types, response scale, and item development or selection procedure. The structural validity and internal consistency of the selected questionnaires were evaluated by adapting the COSMIN guideline. All the questionnaires reflect an attempt to consider the cognitive skills and individual experiences that characterize children and/or adolescents. However, our findings highlighted some limitations in the validity or reliability of some of them. These results can provide guidance for selecting the most appropriate instrument depending on the contextual needs and for developing or adapting new questionnaires for this age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"627-653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisa Kern de Castro, Oscar Lecuona, Maria João Figueiras, Cristina Quiñones, Kamlesh Singh, Shoshana Shiloh, Michaela Schippers, Ana Kinkead, Raquel Rodríguez-Carvajal
{"title":"From Unrealistic to Functional Optimism in Illness Perception: A Psychometric Comparison Across 10 Countries.","authors":"Elisa Kern de Castro, Oscar Lecuona, Maria João Figueiras, Cristina Quiñones, Kamlesh Singh, Shoshana Shiloh, Michaela Schippers, Ana Kinkead, Raquel Rodríguez-Carvajal","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People's perceptions of illness and its risks influence health behaviors, including risk management and precautionary measures. Illness perception often involves unrealistic optimism, reducing infection risk perception. However, crises disrupt self-regulation and optimism due to uncontrollable situations. This study examines optimism's link to risk and illness perception during the first COVID-19 wave in 10 countries, with 7254 participants (48.1% women, mean age = 40, SD = 14.8). We used Bayesian structural equation modeling for psychometric stability and one-way ANOVAs for country comparisons. Multiple regression analyses examined the impact of optimism and demographic variables on illness perception. Significant cross-country variations emerged in illness perception and optimism. In terms of the relationship between variables, optimism correlated with increased COVID-19 risk perception, especially for negative outcomes, concern, and consistency. During crises, optimism shifted from unrealistic to functional, promoting treatment adherence, personal control, and coherence. These dimensions represent individuals' beliefs in managing illness, highlighting optimism's adaptive role in crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"753-765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Per Martinsson, Pernilla Larsman, Karin Allard, Mattias Gunnarsson, Maria Spante, Sara Thomée
{"title":"Coworker Phubbing and Links to the Psychosocial Work Environment Among Electricians in Sweden.","authors":"Per Martinsson, Pernilla Larsman, Karin Allard, Mattias Gunnarsson, Maria Spante, Sara Thomée","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13121","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Phubbing\" (phone snubbing) has been consistently associated with negative intra- and interpersonal outcomes across various social contexts. However, the potential impact of phubbing on horizontal workplace relationships has not been extensively explored. The present study aimed to examine associations between coworker phubbing during breaks and social support and community, horizontal trust, and organizational commitment among electricians in Sweden. An auxiliary aim was to adapt and validate a coworker phubbing scale. In Studies 1a and 1b, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess and validate the coworker phubbing scale in two samples. In Study 2, structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between phubbing and included psychosocial work environment measures. Exposure to phubbing from coworkers was associated with lower perceived support and community, trust, and commitment. The associations were stronger for more severe phubbing behaviors. Engaging in phubbing others was not considerably linked to the psychosocial measures. Younger participants reported engaging in more phubbing and lower perceived exposure to more severe phubbing. Smartphone habits at work may have implications for the psychosocial work environment and, by extension, important outcomes such as well-being, job satisfaction, performance, and turnover.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"792-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leading From Higher Headquarters.","authors":"Jostein Mattingsdal, Roar Espevik","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13120","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the relationship between self-efficacy, task acceptance, and goal setting among senior leaders operating in higher headquarters, particularly within the context of hybrid warfare. The aim is to describe the factors that influence the decision-making (DM) performance of police and military leaders involved in collaborative response efforts during wartime. Path analysis was utilized to investigate an original dataset comprising 102 participants from Norway's police and military (M = 44.4 years). It involved a realistic simulation exercise designed to replicate the challenges associated with hybrid warfare. The study was grounded in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. The results indicated that self-efficacy demonstrated a positive and significant indirect effect on DM performance through goal setting. Furthermore, high DM performance in peacetime and high goal setting were both positively associated with DM performance in wartime. This study enhances the understanding of the interplay between self-efficacy, task acceptance, and goal setting in crisis response settings. The findings underscore the significance of cultivating effective DM skills in senior leaders operating in higher headquarters, particularly in defense against hybrid warfare. These insights can be applied to leadership development and policy programs aimed at enhancing national DM frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"779-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josué García-Arch, Marc Sabio-Albert, Lluis Fuentemilla
{"title":"Selective Integration of Social Feedback Promotes a Stable and Positively Biased Self-Concept.","authors":"Josué García-Arch, Marc Sabio-Albert, Lluis Fuentemilla","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13113","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding self-concept dynamics is crucial given its generalized impact on our well-being. However, how we integrate information into our self-representations to promote a positively biased, yet progressively stable self-concept is a question that remains unanswered. In a series of four experiments, we refined a belief updating task to investigate how participants integrate social feedback depending on its valence and self-congruence. Experiment 1 indicated that the lack of control of an initial positive bias in participants self-concept might have masked valence and congruence effects in recent works. After implementing methodological adjustments (Experiments 2 and 3) we found that the integration of social feedback was strongly driven by feedback self-congruence and moderately driven by feedback valence. By synthesizing insights from social, personality, and cognitive psychology, this study advances the understanding of self-concept dynamics during social feedback processing. Our conceptual and methodological advancements offer a new lens for reinterpreting previous findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"683-701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My Frankl, Peter Wennberg, Maija Konstenius, Björn Philips
{"title":"Affect Phobia Group Therapy for Patients With Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid ADHD.","authors":"My Frankl, Peter Wennberg, Maija Konstenius, Björn Philips","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13118","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility and analyze preliminary data of the effectiveness of affect phobia therapy (APT) adapted to a structured group format. APT is a treatment that targets emotional avoidance and deficiency in emotion regulation that often leads to psychological dysfunction. The target group was patients with comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) and ADHD with core features of affect phobia/emotion dysregulation. Patients in three group treatments with the aim of having eight participants in each group (n = 22) were included in an open design, where targeted symptoms psychological distress, craving, affect phobia, self-compassion, emotion dysregulation, and substance use were evaluated, with repeated measurements every week from the start of therapy to follow-up 4 weeks after the end of treatment. The results showed an increase in self-compassion and a decrease in affect phobia, but no change in symptoms of psychological distress or emotional dysregulation. No reliable reduction in alcohol or drug use could be related to treatment. Craving fluctuated throughout the study period and patients' drinking patterns changed toward more social drinking. The main finding of the study was that affect phobia therapy in a structured group format is a feasible treatment for the patient group and that the therapy showed preliminary effectiveness in increasing adaptive affective functioning and self-compassion. Future randomized controlled trials are needed for conclusive evidence on efficacy, also examining whether the therapy can help reduce substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"738-752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}