Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"Cultural Barriers to Women's Progression in Academic Careers: A France-Brazil Comparison Through the Lens of the Queen Bee Phenomena.","authors":"Catherine Esnard, Rebeca da Rocha Grangeiro","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite significant improvements, women are still underrepresented at high levels in academia. Most research on these inequalities is conducted within a specific national academic system, without taking into account its cultural roots. The aim of the present study was to analyze the extent to which the cultural context acts as a barrier on women's career progression. Specifically, we focused on psychological processes described under the metaphor of Queen Bee Phenomenon that may reflect the ways in which female academics conform to male-gender roles encoded in androcentric social and academic culture. Two samples of women academic, one French (N = 73), the other Brazilian (N = 88), were compared through the lens of two dimension of the Queen Bee Phenomena: self-group distancing and gender hierarchy legitimation. Brazilian women identify more with their female peer group than their French counterparts. French women are more hostile to quotas and more inclined to adhere to meritocratic discourses than their Brazilian counterparts. Both academic contexts tend to perpetuate gender inequalities, but in different ways: by maintaining gender-stereotypical expectations in Brazil and meritocratic ideology in France. The implications for policies to promote a more egalitarian university context are discussed herein.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"210-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Concept in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease Is Affected on Tests of Self-Generated Statements.","authors":"Asmus Vogel, Anna Elise Bruus, Gunhild Waldemar","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13076","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies show that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurocognitive disorders have a negative impact on the self and identity formation. Most studies have included persons with mild to moderate dementia, but how AD patients in the earliest phases retrieve information about themselves has only been studied scarcely. The aim of this study was to investigate if persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild AD would generate fewer self-related statements than healthy controls. From a memory clinic, we included 17 aMCI patients, 17 patients with mild dementia (AD; MMSE ≥ 24), and 30 healthy controls. Three Events Test and Twenty Statements Test (TST) were applied to all participants. The persons with mild dementia gave significantly fewer statements compared to the controls (p < 0.001) and the aMCI patients (p < 0.01) on TST. Fewer statements were also produced by the aMCI patients compared to the control participants (p < 0.05). Persons from both patient groups produced significantly fewer contextual details compared to the controls on the Three Events Tests. There were significant associations to lexical fluency for both the TST and Three Events Test, but only a limited amount of variance was explained, and the results cannot be explained solely by a fluency effect. The results from this study are in accordance with findings from previous studies demonstrating that mild AD leads to a decline in both autobiographical memories and a diminished sense of self. Further, this study shows that changes in self-concept may occur even in the earliest clinical stages of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Gestures and Vocabulary in 14-Month-Old Swedish-Learning Children.","authors":"Ulrika Marklund, Ellen Marklund, Lisa Gustavsson, Christina Samuelsson","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the relationship between gestures and vocabulary size in 177 Swedish-learning 14-month-old children was examined. Gesture use, receptive, and expressive vocabulary were reported by caregivers with the Swedish version of the MacArthur Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory, words and gestures, SECDI-1. Gesture types examined were referential gestures classified as either deictic gestures, conventional gestures, and object actions. A fine-grained analysis of gestures and lexicon was performed. Results show that percentage of gestures used by children significantly predicts percentage of words in their receptive vocabulary. However, looking at gesture type, only use of object actions significantly predicts percentage of words in the receptive vocabulary whereas use of conventional gestures does not. Deictic gestures showed a ceiling effect and were therefore not further used for analysis. The relationship between gesture use and vocabulary size was not impacted by semantic category (food or clothes). Vocabulary in both semantic categories was statistically predicted by object actions in only one semantic category.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142507030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Task Design and Heuristics Interaction Through a Knowledge-Free Option Generation Task.","authors":"Yanlin Chen, Yuen-Siang Ang, Cristina Cusin, Maurizio Fava, Diego A Pizzagalli","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past research on option generation, the mental process of creating possible courses of action for goal-directed behaviors, focused extensively on the outcomes of the process, specifically, the quantity and quality of options generated. Accordingly, various effects were introduced to describe and categorize observed trends in option properties, yet these studies utilize differing task designs. This paper focuses on the \"quantity-breeds-quality\", \"less-is-more\", and the concomitant \"Take The First\" (TTF) heuristics. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a culture-free, education-independent, and quantitative option generation task and compared the results to those predicted by the heuristics to discuss how study characteristics are well-aligned with the heuristics they investigate. To bolster ecological validity and reflect a more diverse range of cognitive experiences beyond the neurotypical population, 44 healthy individuals and 54 patients with Major Depressive Disorder were asked to generate as many different paths as they could between two fixed points on a touchscreen computer in 1.5 min, and the generated options were quantified based on three metrics of interest: fluency, uniqueness, and diversity. For both groups, the mean uniqueness, maximum uniqueness, and diversity of an individual's paths were negatively correlated with an increase in fluency, in line with the less-is-more effect yet conflicting with the results predicted by the quantity-breeds-quality effect. In addition, normalized path uniqueness decreased with the path index, contrary to the results predicted by the TTF heuristic. The results were analyzed with reference to the three heuristics, to discuss possible task characteristics that cause a particular heuristic to apply, and demonstrate the fundamental differences between real-life decision-making scenarios and knowledge-independent tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Professional Social Media Usage on Procrastination and Work Engagement in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Dicle Berfin Köse, Reetta Oksa, Nina Savela, Rita Latikka, Atte Oksanen","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the interruptions induced by the COVID-19 pandemic for organizational practices globally, professional social media usage (PSMU) has increased, undergoing changes in its use patterns. During enforced remote work practices, work-leisure boundary management and digital communication have become crucial for employee efficiency. This study analyzed how PSMU affected remote workers' work engagement and procrastination from the perspectives of work-leisure boundary conflict and work-related and nonwork-related social media communication. Longitudinal data were collected from the Finnish working population, with the first wave conducted in March-April 2019 (N = 1,817) and the second wave, used in this study, conducted in March-April 2021 (N = 1,018). The data were analyzed via partial least squares path modeling using multi-group and longitudinal data analysis methods. The results showed that for remote workers during the pandemic, (1) nonwork-related social media communication and PSMU lost their significant effect on procrastination, (2) work-leisure boundary conflict had an increased negative effect on work engagement, and (3) nonwork-related social media communication's positive effect on work engagement increased. Our findings entail implications for the strategic use of PSMU in remote work practices. Theoretically, this study contributes by analyzing the longitudinal effects of technological affordances and by analyzing the effects of belongingness theory, work/family boundary theory, and role conflict theory on online mediums and in remote working contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Danish International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA).","authors":"Katla Sigurðardóttir, Noor Qambar, Ask Elklit, Mikkel A Auning-Hansen, Sabrina B Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13079","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the introduction of the ICD-11 diagnostic manual, the need for developing and validating new assessment instruments has become urgent. The International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA) assesses posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on the ICD-11 diagnostic definition. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Danish version of the ITQ-CA in a non-clinical sample of 226 adolescents. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to study the effects of gender, age, trauma exposure, family dysfunction, and SDQ variables on PTSD and Disturbances in Self-Organization (DSO). Results showed that 16 participants (7%) met the ITQ-CA criteria for CPTSD and 11 (5.7%) for PTSD. The full model of gender, age, family dysfunction, trauma exposure, and SDQ variables was found to predict PTSD and DSO. The present study supports the validity of the Danish version of the ITQ-CA and represents an important step of establishing and applying validated tools for assessing  PTSD and CPTSD in children and adolescents. The results also underscore the need for a broader trauma definition. Future research should examine the sensitivity of the ITQ-CA.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"241-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational Board Games Among Older Adults and School-Aged Children, Through the Lens of Shared Pro-Social Behaviors and Positive Affect.","authors":"Pierre Cès, Anne-Lise Doyen, Mathilde Duflos, Caroline Giraudeau","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social interactions are essential for both older adults and children, and engaging in intergenerational leisure activities offers social benefits for both generations. Board games stand out as a relevant medium for bringing together participants of different ages. However, their social features within an intergenerational context remain largely unexplored. This observational study sought to explore prosocial behaviors exhibited by older adults and school-aged children during both cooperative and competitive board games. Specifically, 11 dyads, each consisting of an older adult and a child, were filmed while playing a cooperative and a competitive board game. The results revealed that the older adults demonstrated more prosocial behaviors than the children, and the competitive setting fostered more pro-social behaviors than the cooperative one. Furthermore, intergenerational board games elicited positive affects among players, though the older participants reported facing significant difficulties and exerting considerable effort during the game sessions. These findings can inform the development of intergenerational programs aimed at fostering positive social interactions between older adults and children, serving as valuable guidelines for practitioners when selecting board games for such activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Do Conservatives Really Have an Advantage in Mental Health? An Examination of Measurement Invariance.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retraction: E. Dutton, and E. Kirkeggard, \"Do Conservatives Really Have an Advantage in Mental Health? An Examination of Measurement Invariance,\" Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 66, no. 1 (2025): 76-84, https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13065. The above article, published online on 24 August 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair; The Scandinavian Psychological Associations; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Following publication of this article, concerns were raised by third parties about the conclusions drawn by the authors based on the data provided. The publisher and the journal have investigated these concerns and have concluded that the article contains major errors involving methods, theory, and normatively biased language. These errors bring into doubt the conclusions drawn by the authors. Therefore, the parties agree that the article must be retracted. The authors disagree with the decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individual's Experiences of Openness and Concealment at Work in Sweden.","authors":"Theodor Mejías Nihlén, Tove Lundberg, Matilda Wurm, Anna Malmquist","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The workplace is an important part of many people's lives. Many transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals have negative experiences of their workplace due to discrimination and cisnormativity. Whether or not to be open about TGD experiences, and the degree of openness, is something many TGD individuals struggle with at work. Openness is related to well-being and job satisfaction and is therefore important to consider when understanding TGD individuals' work situations. This article examines TGD individuals' experiences of openness and concealment regarding their TGD experience at work. Thirty TGD adults from Sweden participated in online semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results show that the organizational climate and physical environment, as well as leadership and human resources, set the stage for an inclusive or excluding workplace for TGD individuals. For the individual, these aspects are taken into consideration when weighing up the risks and advantages of being open about their TGD experience at work. Factors such as work climate, the presence of LGBTQ+ colleagues, and access to safe facilities make a difference in the decision about, and experience of, being open or concealing one's TGD experience at work. Personal values, and a prerequisite to pass or not, affect decisions concerning disclosure and create different challenges in managing working life as a TGD individual. Findings are helpful in better understanding TGD people's situation at work and are of use for work management and policymakers in creating a better work environment for TGD individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Fat', Female and Unprivileged: Exploring Intersectionality, Perceiver Characteristics, and Eye Movements.","authors":"Ana Jovančević, Nebojša Milićević, Miodrag Milenović","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this research was to examine the role of body self-esteem, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the tendency toward social desirability as predictors of anti-fat stereotypes and prejudices, and gender, 'fat' status, and social status as moderators of this relationship, as well as eye movements of subjects when observing 'fat' individuals. Three studies examined the research aims. In the first study (N = 311; 60.8% female), body self-esteem, self-reported BMI, and social desirability were assessed as predictors of anti-fat stereotypes and prejudice, with 'fat' status as a moderating variable. The second study (N = 311; 60.8% female) replicated this approach, adding perceived social status as a moderator. The third study (N = 191; 61.5% female) assessed body self-esteem and collected precise body-related measurements (weight, body fat, visceral fat, muscle percentage, metabolism, and BMI) using the OMRON body composition monitor. Additionally, it measured anti-fat stereotypes, prejudice, and eye movements in response to 'fat' and 'non-fat' stimuli. The results of the first study suggest that body self-esteem, BMI, and the tendency toward social desirability can predict anti-fat stereotypes and prejudices. 'Fat' women were evaluated most negatively. The second study indicates that the social status of stimulus individuals is also a significant moderator of the relationships described above. 'Fat' women of low social status are evaluated most negatively. In the third study, we obtained information on the following eye movement parameters: (1) First view, (2) Duration of fixations, (3) Fixations and (4) Revisits. Eye movement parameters can be predicted by body self-esteem and body condition parameters, while gender and 'fat' status of stimuli are significant moderators in this relationship. The study explains the role of BMI and body self-esteem in anti-fat bias, highlights the importance of gender and social status in perceiving 'fat' individuals, as well as the importance of considering nuanced body composition measures, such as visceral fat and muscle percentage, in understanding individual differences in perceptual bias. Differences in viewing patterns between genders underscore the interplay of stereotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}