Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"Thinking Through Parenthood: The Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Personality.","authors":"Anna Torstensson, Verona Algeroth von Thiele, Philip Millroth","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70107","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An overwhelming majority of the human population end up parenting a child, and the concept of family is arguably one of the most shared across societies. Thus, most people will at some point engage in thought processes about the prospect of becoming a parent, a prospect coupled with uncertainties (e.g., \"Should I? Do I want to? Can I?\"). The psychological processes underlying how individuals think about this decision-and what dispositional factors shape this deliberation-remain poorly understood. We addressed this gap by measuring thought engagement (how much individuals report thinking about parenthood and related factors) in a sample of 192 Swedish adults (58 parents, 134 non-parents), and systematically comparing the predictive value of demographic variables, personality traits (e.g., extraversion), and dispositions toward risk and uncertainty using Bayesian multimodel inference. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) emerged as a robust predictor of general thought engagement. Moreover, an interaction between age and occupation revealed divergent patterns: students showed increasing thought engagement with age, whereas employed individuals showed decreasing engagement. For domain-specific thought engagement (e.g., economic concerns, parenting ability), demographic factors predominated, though personality traits also contributed, suggesting that dispositions shape what people think about rather than how much they think overall. These findings carry clinical implications: IU is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor for anxiety disorders, and the inherently uncertain nature of the parenthood decision may be particularly distressing for some individuals. Our study provides empirical groundwork for future theoretical developments focusing on the psychological dimensions of fertility-related decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1233-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All Is Relative-A Call for Considering \"Physiologically Informed\" Control Conditions to Improve the Mechanistic Understanding of the Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognition.","authors":"Fabian Herold, Benjamin Tari, Sylwester Kujach, Olivier Dupuy, C Shawn Green, Thomas Gronwald, Matthew Heath","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing interest in elucidating the mechanisms that drive the benefits of physical exercise on cognitive performance. A key element for a better understanding of a particular phenomenon (e.g., the mediators of the exercise-cognition interaction) is the selection of an appropriate control condition/group as the basis for causal inference. In contemporary practice, control conditions/groups used in exercise-cognition research can be broadly categorized as related to (i) study design, (ii) level of energy expenditure, and (iii) level of cognitive engagement. Although such control conditions are valuable for reducing the effects of specific sources of bias (e.g., time or placebo effects), their potential to advance our mechanistic understanding is limited. To address this research gap, the present article proposes and discusses the application of \"physiologically informed\" control conditions by narratively summarizing the current evidence concerning \"physiologically informed\" control conditions in acute exercise-cognition studies, wherein specific physical exercise-induced physiological responses (e.g., increases in cerebral blood flow or peripheral blood lactate concentration) are mimicked by nonexercise experimental manipulations (e.g., through inhaling hypercapnic gas mixture or infusion of lactate at rest). Based on our narrative evidence synthesis, we discuss how \"physiologically informed\" control conditions can serve as a valuable approach to strengthen causal interferences by allowing for a better isolation of cognitive benefits that can be \"solely\" attributed to specific physical exercise-induced physiological changes. As applying \"physiologically informed\" control conditions can advance knowledge generation on the physiological mechanisms that drive the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition, we advocate for a more widespread use of these control conditions in future research practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1246-1266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Flexibility in the Formation and Maintenance of Extreme Beliefs: A Narrative Scoping Review.","authors":"Sebastian Deverson, Paul Delfabbro, Ryan Balzan","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70110","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing interest in the role of cognitive flexibility in the development of politically motivated violence and a willingness to self-sacrifice. However, the construct of flexibility has been applied in multiple ways across disciplines, resulting in conceptual ambiguity and methodological challenges. This narrative scoping review re-evaluated the theoretical mechanisms linking distinct flexibility constructs to extreme beliefs, with the aim of clarifying their conceptual boundaries to direct future research. A narrative synthesis was conducted to identify and integrate theoretical accounts of flexibility relevant to extreme belief formation and maintenance. Four flexibility variants were identified as relevant: cognitive, affective, psychological, and belief flexibility. Each was conceptualized as facilitating updating and switching within cold, decontextualized cognitive tasks or hot, contextualized affective tasks to enable goal-directed problem solving. These abilities were not found to promote a single problem-solving strategy. Rather, they enabled a range of adaptive responses, including evidence integration, critical thinking, emotion regulation, and tolerance of uncertainty. Their use was associated with effective navigation of conflicting evidence, openness to new ideas and perspectives, and reflective awareness of emotional responses and cognitive biases. The findings indicate that flexibility operates across both affectively charged and emotionally neutral cognitive processes, the activation of which depends on the emotional valence of the context. In this way, cognitive and affective flexibility appear to function as complementary protective factors against the development of extreme beliefs. Future research should examine how these forms of flexibility interact across time in belief formation and maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1298-1309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Screening of Federal Public Leaders: MoCA Performance, Cognitive Risk, and Predictors of Variability in a Highly Educated Workforce.","authors":"Telesmagno Neves-Teles, Guilherme da Silva Freitas, Lígia Vechi de Oliveira, Dionatan Pelinson, Cristian Zanon, Rosa Maria Martins de Almeida","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive screening is essential for assessing mental health and identifying early cognitive vulnerability. This preliminary phase of a preregistered umbrella project (OSF: https://osf.io/8jz6k) implemented a structured cognitive assessment interview with federal public managers, representing an unprecedented initiative in Brazil. The main objective was to characterize the cognitive status of federal public leaders using a multimodal screening protocol and to examine the contributions of intellectual functioning and age to global cognitive performance. Seventy-eight leaders (M_age = 48.44, SD = 8.04) completed a standardized remote cognitive screening session including the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Brazilian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a dyadic short form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III to estimate intellectual functioning. Brazilian normative data were applied for classification. Associations among age, intellectual functioning, and cognitive performance were examined using bivariate correlations, hierarchical regression, and bootstrap procedures with 5000 resamples. Mini-Mental State Examination scores were uniformly high (28.12 ± 1.74), reflecting ceiling effects typical of highly educated adults. Although most participants performed within the healthy range on the global Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (25.56 ± 2.70), the Memory Index Score identified a comparatively larger proportion of individuals within normative ranges associated with mild or more pronounced cognitive vulnerability, indicating heightened sensitivity to subtle episodic-memory changes. Intellectual functioning was a strong positive predictor of cognitive performance, whereas age emerged as a significant negative predictor only after controlling for intellectual functioning, consistent with cognitive-reserve models. Bootstrap confidence intervals supported the robustness of both predictors. The findings indicate preserved global cognition alongside meaningful heterogeneity in episodic-memory performance, underscoring the value of memory-sensitive indices for early cognitive monitoring in high-responsibility leadership contexts. Subsequent executive-function assessments from the umbrella project will further refine the identification of domain-specific cognitive profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1359-1369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian 200-Item Version of the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised.","authors":"Farangis Sharifibastan, Ståle Pallesen, Katharina Teresa Enehaug Morken, Eilin Kristine Erevik","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian 200-item version of the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R). The sample consisted of 460 adults (51.3% women) aged 18-75 years (M = 41.5, SD = 15.3) who completed the instrument online. The average internal consistency was α = 0.89 for domains (range: 0.88-0.92) and α = 0.79 for facets (range: 0.60-0.87). Women had higher Emotionality (d = 1.08) and Honesty-Humility (d = 0.39) scores than men. Honesty-Humility scores increased with age. One month test-retest correlations ranged from 0.90 to 0.95 for domains. Exploratory structural equation modeling provided superior fit compared to confirmatory factor analysis (CFI = 0.928 vs. 0.647). Configural and metric invariance were supported across gender and age, with partial scalar invariance. Convergent validity with the Mini-International Personality Item Pool (Mini-IPIP) was strong for Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness (r = 0.69-0.79). Honesty-Humility showed weak to modest associations attesting to the discriminative validity for this dimension. The Norwegian HEXACO-200 had strong psychometric properties demonstrating its suitability for personality assessment in Norwegian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1310-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Affective Valence of Mind Wandering and Mood: The Role of Resting-State Functional Connectivity.","authors":"Hong He, Jinghong Shi, Xinyue Zhang, Binqian Leng, Xuemin Zhang","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mind wandering frequently entails affective content, and the affective valence of such thoughts is closely related to individuals' mood. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Using an individual differences approach, the present study examined whether the affective valence of mind wandering is associated with resting-state functional connectivity among brain regions commonly implicated in mind wandering, and whether it mediates the relationship between such connectivity and mood. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired from 92 participants, who subsequently completed an experience-sampling film-viewing task to assess mind wandering, its affective valence, and mood. Behavioral results showed that more positively valenced mind wandering was strongly associated with more positive mood. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that the affective valence of mind wandering was positively associated with functional connectivity between the right rostromedial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) and the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Mediation analyses demonstrated that the affective valence of mind wandering mediated the association between this functional connectivity and mood. These findings may support the content regulation hypothesis and the dynamic framework of spontaneous thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1209-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swedish Clinicians' Knowledge, Practices, and Access to Structured Guidance Regarding Maladaptive Exercise in Eating Disorders.","authors":"Elin Monell, Emma Forsén Mantilla","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maladaptive exercise is a common and serious symptom in eating disorders (EDs), yet often poorly addressed in treatment. This study examined clinicians' knowledge, practices, and access to structured guidance such as clinic-level practices/informal protocols related to maladaptive exercise, and whether these varied by profession, experience, or personal exercise habits. A cross-sectional survey was completed by 102 clinicians working in Swedish ED care. The survey assessed self-reported knowledge, clinical practices, and access to clinic-level practices/informal protocols. Differences by profession, years of ED work experience, and personal physical activity were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Spearman correlations. Most clinicians viewed maladaptive exercise as an aggravating symptom but reported limited formal training and moderate confidence in managing it. Assessment was common, but structured interventions were rare and opinions about them varied by profession. Only 42% reported access to clinic-level practices/informal protocols, while 84% expressed a need for national guidance. Despite recognizing maladaptive exercise as clinically significant, ED clinicians report limited training and inconsistent guidance. Profession-specific differences and the strong demand for national guidelines underscore the need for structured, evidence-based approaches to both the assessment and treatment of maladaptive exercise, as well as adequate training for clinicians in their application.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1183-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Relevance on Children's Multiple Text Reading: Evidence From Eye Movements.","authors":"Tuomo Häikiö, Oksana Kanerva, Norbert Erdmann, Mirjamaija Mikkilä-Erdmann, Johanna K Kaakinen","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined how Finnish children read and integrate information across multiple expository texts when given an inquiry task. We were interested in how task-relevance of text information affects readers' eye movements and whether the eye movements are connected to the quality of an essay written after reading. We were also interested in differentiating between the effects of technical reading skill and reading comprehension in respect to these processes. In total, 24 5th and 6th grade Finnish native-speakers completed the experiment. Prior to testing, the participants were told that at the end of the testing session, they would have to complete an inquiry task (e.g., \"What's the difference between human and dog hearing?\"). During an eye tracking experiment, the participants read two science texts on the topic of the inquiry task. The texts contained both task-relevant and task-irrelevant text segments. After the reading task, the children wrote an essay to complete the inquiry task. Furthermore, participants' technical reading skill and reading comprehension were measured with an independent classroom test. It was shown that the task-relevant segments were read longer than the task-irrelevant segments during first-pass reading. Moreover, reading skills modulated the effect of relevance, as weaker comprehenders were less likely to regress within an irrelevant segment. Furthermore, the relevance effect was more pronounced for the better technical readers with respect to look-backs. No reliable effects were found for the essay-writing task. The results imply that the participants were able to detect which parts of the text were relevant and adjusted their reading accordingly, based on their reading skills. However, they did not seem to form a coherent memory representation of the relevant text contents in order to perform well in the essay writing task.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1191-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Internet to Cope With Emotional Problems: The Role of Preference of Online Communication in Adolescents Across 18 Countries.","authors":"Anke Görzig, Marie Jaron Bedrosova, Raffaella M Milani","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For adolescents with emotional problems, internet use can provide coping strategies. These can be maladaptive (e.g., excessive use) or adaptive (e.g., engaging in social online activities). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying both positive and negative outcomes. This study investigates whether a preference of online communication mediates associations between emotional problems and online coping strategies. Survey data from 14,550 adolescents (ages 11-16, 51% female) across 18 European countries were analyzed using mediation models. Emotional problems were associated with both maladaptive and adaptive strategies, and these effects were partially mediated by preference of online communication. The findings provide further empirical support for the model of compensatory internet use among vulnerable populations and demonstrate that similar mechanisms may underlie seemingly divergent outcomes. Implications include digital mental health interventions tailored to vulnerable youth and guidance for schools, families, and online platform providers to foster adaptive internet use whilst mitigating the risks of excessive or maladaptive use.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1337-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Pathways to Fathers' Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Work-Life Balance in Perceived Stress, Marital Satisfaction, and Parenting Self-Efficacy.","authors":"Evrim Çetinkaya-Yıldız, Seval Apaydın, Esin Yılmaz-Koğar","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the role of perceived parental self-efficacy, perceived coping, perceived distress, and marital satisfaction in fathers' well-being. Furthermore, we explored whether work-life balance mediates the relationship between these variables. A total of 770 married fathers (86% with two or more children) from Türkiye, aged between 19 and 60 years, participated in this study. This study utilized partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to explore fathers' well-being. The first step was to examine the relationships between the exogenous variables and work-life balance. All of these associations were significant, but marital satisfaction was the most significant predictor of work-life balance. The associations between these exogenous variables, well-being, and work-life balance were further investigated. While all variables were predictive of fathers' well-being, the most crucial variable for well-being was work-life balance. The study confirmed the mediating role of work-life balance, showing that it mediates the relationship between fathers' perceived parental self-efficacy, stress, marital satisfaction, and well-being. Multiple group analysis found that the child's education level did not significantly affect the path coefficients between the variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}