Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"'Fat', Female and Unprivileged: Exploring Intersectionality, Perceiver Characteristics, and Eye Movements.","authors":"Ana Jovančević, Nebojša Milićević, Miodrag Milenović","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this research was to examine the role of body self-esteem, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the tendency toward social desirability as predictors of anti-fat stereotypes and prejudices, and gender, 'fat' status, and social status as moderators of this relationship, as well as eye movements of subjects when observing 'fat' individuals. Three studies examined the research aims. In the first study (N = 311; 60.8% female), body self-esteem, self-reported BMI, and social desirability were assessed as predictors of anti-fat stereotypes and prejudice, with 'fat' status as a moderating variable. The second study (N = 311; 60.8% female) replicated this approach, adding perceived social status as a moderator. The third study (N = 191; 61.5% female) assessed body self-esteem and collected precise body-related measurements (weight, body fat, visceral fat, muscle percentage, metabolism, and BMI) using the OMRON body composition monitor. Additionally, it measured anti-fat stereotypes, prejudice, and eye movements in response to 'fat' and 'non-fat' stimuli. The results of the first study suggest that body self-esteem, BMI, and the tendency toward social desirability can predict anti-fat stereotypes and prejudices. 'Fat' women were evaluated most negatively. The second study indicates that the social status of stimulus individuals is also a significant moderator of the relationships described above. 'Fat' women of low social status are evaluated most negatively. In the third study, we obtained information on the following eye movement parameters: (1) First view, (2) Duration of fixations, (3) Fixations and (4) Revisits. Eye movement parameters can be predicted by body self-esteem and body condition parameters, while gender and 'fat' status of stimuli are significant moderators in this relationship. The study explains the role of BMI and body self-esteem in anti-fat bias, highlights the importance of gender and social status in perceiving 'fat' individuals, as well as the importance of considering nuanced body composition measures, such as visceral fat and muscle percentage, in understanding individual differences in perceptual bias. Differences in viewing patterns between genders underscore the interplay of stereotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Does Generalized Trust Promote Pro-Environmental Behavior? A Multilevel Analysis.","authors":"Wang Zheng, Yuhan Gao, Juzhe Xi","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has suggested that generalized trust facilitates individuals' pro-environmental behavior. However, the robustness of this relationship across a wider range of cultures and societies remains to be tested. Using data from two large cross-national surveys (World Values Survey and International Social Survey Programme), this study examined the environmental benefits of generalized trust in a global context, as well as the role of individualism. The results of the multilevel analyses indicated a positive correlation between generalized trust and pro-environmental behavior across various global contexts. Moreover, the observed correlation between generalized trust and environmental outcomes is stronger in individualistic cultures. These findings not only contribute to understanding how to promote individuals' pro-environmental behavior but also highlight the value of considering social circumstances when exploring individual factors of pro-environmental behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Reported Symptoms of Reading and Writing Difficulties and ADHD Among Females in Prison: A Comparison Between Belgium and Norway.","authors":"Dorien Brosens, Wenche Andersen Helland, Lise Øen Jones, Silke Marynissen, Frøydis Morken","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated reading and writing difficulties, as well as attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among female prisoners in Belgium and Norway. While learning difficulties and ADHD are prevalent in prison populations, research focusing on females is rather limited. A cross-sectional survey design (N = 101) was used to assess the prevalence of self-reported literacy challenges and symptoms of ADHD, as well as their comorbidity, by comparing Belgium and Norway. The findings showed a positive correlation between literacy challenges and ADHD symptoms, with significant differences between the two countries. Norwegian participants reported higher rates of formal diagnoses for reading and writing difficulties, as well as ADHD, compared to Belgian participants. These findings suggest that cultural and systemic factors may influence the recognition, diagnosis, and reporting of learning disabilities and ADHD in incarcerated populations. The results underscore the need for tailored educational programs in prisons that meet the needs of the individual prisoner. Further research should explore how cultural and systemic factors contribute to differences in experiences and diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Affective Priming in Improving Affective Responses to Exercise: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yun-Ru Shao, Lu Guo","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Promoting physical activity is one of the most important issues in improving global public health. While existing research emphasizes the role of cognitive factors, affective response is proven to be a key predictor of exercise behavior. Affective priming is an efficient intervention aiming at improving affective response during and after exercise, yet its effect on affective response to exercise remains unclear. The current study conducted a meta-analysis on the effect of affective priming on affective responses during and after exercise and tested several moderators of this relation using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 (CMA3.0) program. Data from four studies yielded 19 effect sizes from 124 participants. Analyses revealed a moderate and positive effect of affective priming on affective responses (d = 0.716). Moderation analyses indicated that this effect could be moderated by gender and the time of measuring affective responses. These results hold both theoretical and practical implications for future research on affective priming in the context of exercise and highlight the importance of considering affective processes in promoting exercise behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining Cognitive Performance in Athletes: A Systematic Review Focused on Methodology of Applying Cognitive Tests.","authors":"Egemen Manci, Fabian Herold, Fırat Özdalyan, Merve Demir Benli, Çağlar Bozkurt, Uğur Gençtürk, Arnd Gebel, Çağdaş Güdücü, Erkan Günay, Cem Ş Bediz, Matthew B Pontifex, Notger G Muller","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although in recent years, there have been many studies to determine the cognitive performance of athletes, there are significant differences in the methodological approaches of these studies. Therefore, this methodology-focused systematic review aims to analyze the application methods of cognitive test studies with athletes and to provide standard recommendations for further studies. For this purpose, three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched using predetermined keywords. As a result of the screening, 25 studies were included in the review. The result of this systematic review focused on the methodology of applying cognitive tests and observed considerable heterogeneity in methodological procedures applied in studies investigating the cognitive performance of athletes. The findings of this review highlight the need for the development of standardized procedures for the assessment of cognitive performance in future research while offering practical recommendations for researchers and coaches working in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training and Development of Incident Commanders in the Fire and Rescue Services: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jarle Eid, Emilie Skaar Vildskog, Anita L Hansen","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this scoping review was to summarize scholarly research on training and development of first responders and incident commanders in the fire and rescue services, with an emphasis on identifying emerging research questions and research gaps. From 2013 to 2024, 1343 studies were identified from the search in Web of Science, ProQuest, and Ovid/Psycinfo databases. A detailed search, screening, and selection strategy was performed, and 28 studies were retained based on prior established criteria. A majority of these studies were conducted in Europe (54%), North America (25%), Asia (11%), or Oceania (11%). Most studies (64%) used a quantitative approach, followed by a qualitative (21%), mixed methods (7%), or register data (7%) approach. A cross-sectional case design was most common (54%), while (21%) applied an experimental or a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design; only (7%) applied a longitudinal design. The studies could be organized into four interrelated themes focusing on (a) Workplace safety, stress, and resilience; (b) Incident command and crisis leadership; (c) Leader development and personnel management; and (d) Training innovation and technology. The scoping review offers recommendations to enhance future research on the training and development of incident commanders in the fire and rescue services.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Distance to Science: Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish PSYDISC-Scale and as a Predictor of Science Skepticism.","authors":"Billy Jansson, Catharina Halmedal, Thea Salomonsson","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main purpose of the present study was to test if PSYDISC demonstrates incremental validity in predicting science skepticism across domains, beyond science attitude measures, in a Swedish context. Swedish-speaking participants (N = 314) completed an online survey containing the PSYDISC scale and two science attitude scales (Faith in Science and Negative Perceptions of Science), as well as measures of science skepticism regarding climate change, vaccines, and genetically modified organisms (GMO). Results from confirmatory factor analysis found support for the previously found four-factor model (hypothetical distance, social distance, spatial distance, and temporal distance). Additionally, measurement invariance was supported for age and gender, and local psychometric properties indicated good internal consistency with good discriminant validity but somewhat poor convergent validity. Regression analyses showed that PSYDISC demonstrated incremental predictive validity for climate change and vaccine skepticism but not for GMO skepticism. The present study thus supports PSYDISC as an incremental predictor of science skepticism.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of the ICD-11 Compatible Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form Plus, Modified (PID5BF+M).","authors":"Saeid Komasi, Bo Bach","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ICD-11 compatible, Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form Plus, Modified (PID5BF+M), has recently been developed to assess the constructs of the ICD-11 and DSM-5 maladaptive trait models. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the pooled estimates of the structural validity (model fit indices, factor loadings, and internal consistency of individual scales), discriminant validity (factor intercorrelations), and criterion validity (standardized mean differences between clinical and nonclinical samples) of the PID5BF+M. A systematic search for scientific articles published between January 2013 and November 2024 was conducted in PubMed, PsycNET, and Google Scholar. The pooled estimates were calculated using the random effects method following the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of individual studies, heterogeneity, and publication bias were checked. Five high-quality reports including 21 independent samples (3056 patients and 17,361 nonpatients) were entered into the meta-analysis. The six-factor structure of the PID5BF+M was supported by the pooled estimates of model fit (RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.96, and SRMR = 0.01), moderate to very strong factor loadings (from 0.43 to 0.74), and an acceptable internal consistency (ω between 0.70 and 0.79 for all factors with a median of 0.75). The factor intercorrelations were weak to moderate (from 0.05 to 0.38) and the mean scores of most factors (except antagonism) were higher in the patients. The PID5BF+M is an applicable scale to measure maladaptive personality constructs with acceptable structural, discriminant, and criterion validity. Mental health professionals and researchers can use the scale, taking into account some methodological considerations of the present meta-analysis. The study protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO-CRD42024507164.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality Assessment in Groups of Different Verbal Intelligence Levels.","authors":"Martina Lozić, Denis Bratko, Tena Vukasović Hlupić","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis, which has mixed support in the literature, predicts that personality is more variable for more intelligent individuals. This study aimed to test that hypothesis by comparing variances, reliability coefficients, and inter-scale correlations of personality as assessed by self-reports between groups of participants with different intelligence scores. We used two independent datasets (N₁ = 655; N₂ = 836; N_total = 1491) in which the same vocabulary test was used as a measure of verbal intelligence, but personality was measured as self-report by different inventories (NEO-FFI and HEXACO-100). As the verbal ability scores had a normal distribution, the combined mean was calculated, and empirical groups were generated within each sample to compare groups of participants who indicated a low-ability group (G1) and the high-ability group (G3). Results mostly support the differentiation hypothesis in the NEO-FFI dataset, where participants in G3 have higher variances and reliability coefficients than participants in G1, but do not show lower inter-scale correlation coefficients. However, the same trend was not found in the second sample where personality was assessed by the HEXACO inventory. In conclusion, the results of this study provide only partial support for the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Self-Report of Attachment Patterns in Young People Stable From Three to Nine Months After a Concussion?","authors":"Astrid Tuborgh, Susanne Wulff Svendsen, Ask Elklit, Jon Hunter, Jens Søndergaard Jensen, Eva Ørnbøl, Andreas Schröder, Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen, Mille Møller Thastum, Erhard Trillingsgaard Næss-Schmidt, Charlotte Ulrikka Rask","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insecure adult attachment patterns have recently been associated with an increased risk of developing persistent post-concussion symptoms (PCS) and poorer treatment outcomes, highlighting the potential of attachment-informed treatment protocols for persistent PCS. A key requirement for such approaches is that attachment patterns remain relatively stable during the post-injury illness course, allowing them to serve as reliable indicators for guiding initial care and treatment planning. This study aimed to assess the stability of self-reported attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance in individuals aged 15-30 years, from three (T1) to nine (T2) months after a concussion, corresponding to the period when treatment for PCS typically becomes relevant. This study is a methodological follow-up of a larger clinical cohort study comprising 3080 individuals aged 15-30 years who were diagnosed with a concussion. Attachment dimensions were measured using the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Questionnaire at three (T1) and nine (T2) months post-injury. Both mean-level and individual changes were examined, taking relevant covariates such as sex, age, level of PCS, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and social support into account. At T1, 958 respondents were included (39%), with 416 also responding at T2 (43%). Mean-level changes were minimal (attachment anxiety: β = -0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.22; 0.08)), attachment avoidance: β = 0.00 (95% CI: -0.11; 0.11). Larger individual changes that could not be explained by measurement error were observed in 12% of participants. No association was found with any of the covariates. Self-reported attachment patterns appear to remain stable in most young people with a concussion from 3 to 9 months post-injury. The findings strengthen confidence in conducting research to investigate whether attachment-informed treatment approaches can improve healthcare for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}