Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"Appreciation of Social Experiences and Solitude in Everyday Life: The SOcial Experiences' daiLy Occurrence Scale (SOLO).","authors":"Daniela Melitta Pfabigan, Erik Rimestad Frogner, Fatemeh Asgari, Uta Sailer","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While social interactions and actively chosen solitude both contribute to well-being, existing measures focus solely on one dimension. We developed the SOcial experiences' daiLy Occurrence (SOLO) scale-a brief end-of-day diary measure capturing enjoyment of social interactions (including brief encounters with \"weak ties\") and solitude experiences. Two scale development and validation studies were conducted: single-day (N = 203) and 14-day (N = 75) assessments. The final SOLO consists of 13 items forming two scales, the Social Interaction subscale and the Solitude subscale. Both scales demonstrated adequate psychometric properties and meaningful relationships with well-being measures. The scales were independent, supporting the conceptualization of social enjoyment and solitude preference as distinct dimensions. The SOLO is therefore presented as two distinct scales. A composite score can be calculated if required, although subscale-level analyses are recommended given the empirical independence of the two dimensions. The SOLO's brief format offers a practical compromise between ecological momentary assessment and retrospective measures, enabling investigation of the distinct roles of social engagement and solitude in everyday life.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teacher and Classmate Support on Self-Concept: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Igor Esnaola, Víctor B Arias, Lorea Azpiazu, Iratxe Antonio-Agirre","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to analyze the predictive capacity of teacher and classmate support on self-concept at two time points. The sample was composed of 484 adolescents, 226 males, and 258 females. Results showed that teacher support predicted self-concept dimensions (five out of eight at Time 1 and four out of eight at Time 2) at both time points. Classmate support predicted self-concept dimensions (six out of eight at Time 1 and three out of eight at Time 2). Classmate support at Time 1 showed significant effects on opposite-sex relationships, same-sex relationships, and self-esteem at Time 2, while teacher support at Time 1 showed significant effects on math, parent relationships, school, and verbal at Time 2. It seems that teacher support is more influential for academic self-concept dimensions, whereas classmate support is more relevant for non-academic dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Predictors of Bystander Reactions to the Abuse of Animals and Humans.","authors":"Marija Branković, Anastasija Budžak","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While bystander reactions to violence against humans have been well studied, less is known about how people react to animal abuse. We studied whether the same psychological predictors are relevant to reactions to the abuse of animals and humans. We examined the role of Dark Tetrad traits (Narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and sadism), ideologies of superiority (social dominance orientation and speciesism-the belief in human superiority over nonhuman animals), as well as moral disengagement, self-efficacy, and descriptive social norms in predicting reactions to animal and child abuse. In a survey study (N = 518), participants indicated their general reactions to animal abuse as well as how they would react in a situation depicting the abuse of a dog and a child. The general reactions to animal abuse were best predicted by the Dark traits and the endorsement of the ideologies of superiority, most significantly, sadism, and speciesism. Both animal and child abuse elicited high and comparable levels of active response intentions. Bystander reactions in the case of animal abuse were differentiated by moral disengagement and perceived self-efficacy as well as ideologies of dominance, gender, and sadism. Reactions to child abuse were primarily predicted by gender, self-efficacy, and sadism, as well as moral disengagement and SDO. We propose that strengthening self-efficacy and reexamining moral disengagement strategies are crucial to violence prevention, as well as espousing a critical outlook toward ideologies of superiority over both humans and nonhuman animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Esteem Is Associated With Attentional Selection Efficiency: An ERP Study.","authors":"Yanwen Lan, Xiangyu Liu, Guiying Wang, Jingyan Jing, Yi Cui","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-esteem is a subjective evaluation of one's own worth and serves as a core psychological resource for cognitive processing. This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and attentional selection. High self-esteem (HSE) and low self-esteem (LSE) participants completed a visual search task in which a target was presented with either a salient distractor (distractor-present, DP) or a non-salient distractor (distractor-absent, DA). Behaviorally, both groups showed longer reaction times in DP than DA trials, revealing a reliable attentional capture effect. In addition, this effect was significantly larger in the LSE group. The ERP results showed that, relative to the HSE group, the LSE group exhibited a reduced target-elicited N2pc in DA trials, reflecting weaker target processing, and an enhanced distractor-elicited N2pc in DP trials, suggesting greater susceptibility to attentional capture by salient distractors. These findings suggested that low self-esteem might be associated with reduced attentional selection efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Boredom and Daily Life Satisfaction: A Daily Diary Study of Meaning in Life as a Mediator.","authors":"Youling Bai, Mingxi Zhang, Yanling Liu","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although prior research has demonstrated that boredom is associated with lower life satisfaction at the between-person level, the within-person association between them and its mediating mechanism remains unexplored. Therefore, the present study employed a daily diary design to examine whether daily boredom predicted daily life satisfaction and whether this association was mediated by meaning in life. Over two consecutive weeks, 146 Chinese college students (M_age = 20.75, 44.5% female) completed daily assessments of boredom, meaning in life, and life satisfaction. A multilevel 1-1-1 mediation model was used to separate within-person associations from between-person differences and to examine the indirect effect of daily boredom on daily life satisfaction through daily meaning in life. At the within-person level, higher daily boredom was related to lower daily life satisfaction. Moreover, daily meaning in life significantly mediated this within-person association, such that greater daily boredom predicted lower daily meaning in life, which in turn predicted lower daily life satisfaction. These findings clarify the within-person psychological process linking daily boredom to life satisfaction and suggest that enhancing meaning in life may help improve the daily life satisfaction of emerging adults experiencing boredom.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honor Concerns, Ambivalent Sexism and IPV Victimization in Italian and Turkish Samples: Country and Gender Differences.","authors":"Cristina Cabras, Veronica Virdis, Metehan Çelik, Idil Eren Kurt, Cristina Sechi","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant global public health issue. Its prevalence and social acceptance exhibit substantial variation across cultural contexts. Cultural belief systems, such as honor culture and ambivalent sexism, have been identified as significant factors shaping gender roles and attitudes toward violence in intimate relationships. However, the intersection of honor culture, ambivalent sexism, and IPV victimization remains underexplored in cross-cultural research. The current study examines country and gender differences in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) victimization, honor culture, and ambivalent sexism through a cross-cultural comparison of Italian and Turkish university students. A battery of self-report measures was administered to 1249 Italian and Turkish university students aged 18-25 (55.7% female, 44.3% male). A 2 × 2 MANOVA was conducted to assess the effects of gender and country on IPV victimization, honor concerns, and ambivalent sexism. Results showed no significant main effect of gender on IPV victimization. However, a significant main effect of culture emerged: univariate analyzes revealed that Turkish students reported higher levels of IPV victimization compared to their Italian peers (p < 0.001). Significant gender and country differences were also found in honor concerns, with a gender × culture interaction indicating that patterns of honor endorsement varied across countries. Moreover, Turkish males and females reported higher levels of both benevolent and hostile sexism compared to their Italian counterparts. These findings underscore the relevance of both gender and cultural context on experiences and attitudes related to IPV, honor, and sexism. The results support and extend previous research, highlighting the importance of incorporating cultural variables when addressing intimate partner violence. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination Refusal in Sweden: Anti-Vaccination Attitudes and the Role of Contrarian Worldviews, Political Orientation, and Psychological Dispositions.","authors":"Natasha Nowicka, Amanda Remsö, Emma A Renström","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Why do some people refuse vaccination? The current study contributes to answering this question by examining multiple predictors of COVID-19 vaccination refusal in Sweden. We further explore how these predictors are associated with anti-vaccination attitudes and to what extent anti-vaccination attitudes mediate the association with vaccination refusal. Using original survey data from 1293 Swedish citizens analyzed with structural equation modeling, we examined whether anti-vaccination attitudes accounted for associations between contrarian worldviews (e.g., conspiracy mentality, climate change denial), political orientations (e.g., right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation), psychological dispositions (e.g., need for cognitive closure, need to belong), and demographic factors with COVID-19 vaccination refusal in Sweden. Contrarian worldviews were strongly associated with higher anti-vaccination attitudes, which were in turn associated with higher likelihood of vaccination refusal. Political orientation variables contributed little unique explanatory value beyond contrarian worldviews. A small indirect effect emerged for social dominance orientation, though all direct associations between political orientation and vaccination outcomes were nonsignificant. Psychological dispositions demonstrated differentiated patterns, with need for cognitive closure and need to belong showing direct associations with vaccination refusal, and anxiety positively associated with anti-vaccination attitudes. These findings imply that contrarian worldviews may be more relevant than ideology in understanding anti-vaccination attitudes and vaccination refusal.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Makes Adolescents Defend Others Against Cyberhate? Insights From the Normative Social Behavior, Social Learning, and Planned Behavior Theories.","authors":"Olga Jiménez-Díaz, Esperanza Espino, Rosario Del Rey, Joaquín A Mora-Merchán","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most adolescents experience cyberhate primarily as bystanders. Understanding their behavior, particularly their defending behaviors, is crucial to mitigate the phenomenon and its negative effects. While prior studies have explored factors influencing these responses, further research is needed to understand how these factors interact within robust theoretical frameworks. To address this gap, this study examined adolescents' defending behaviors to cyberhate through three psychological theories: (1) the Theory of Normative Social Behavior (TNSB; social norms); (2) Social Learning Theory (SLT; social norms, self-efficacy, prior victimization and perpetration experiences, and motivators such as the need for online popularity); and (3) the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; attitude towards helping, perceived control, subjective norms and intention to help). A total of 2539 Spanish secondary school students (49.1% boys, 49.2% girls, and 1.7% others) aged 11-18 years (M = 14.07, SD = 1.39) participated filling a self-reported survey. Three structural equation models were estimated to test the specific variables of each theoretical framework while controlling for gender and age. Results revealed that all three models significantly explained defensive behaviors. Across the models, explained variance reached up to 50.8%. The most relevant factors were subjective norms, injunctive norms from friends, family, and teachers, and perceived self-efficacy. Girls and younger students were more likely to react defensively. This study represents a clear advance in the understanding of defensive behavior in the face of cyberhate, both in a theoretical and practical framework and thus contributes to optimizing the holistic approach to this emerging phenomenon in virtual contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Bullying Victimization and Loneliness in Undergraduates: Mediating Roles of Emotion Suppression and Rumination.","authors":"Madeline A Komar, Kristie L Poole, Raha Hassan, Arianna Davids, Louis A Schmidt","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood bullying victimization experiences contribute to higher levels of loneliness in adulthood, but the mechanism underlying this relation is unclear. Potentially, individual differences in emotion regulation may underlie the relation between childhood bullying victimization and adult loneliness. The present study examined whether tendencies towards emotion suppression and rumination mediated the relation between retrospective bullying experiences and current loneliness in young adults. Undergraduate participants (N = 289, M_age = 19.09 years, SD_age = 2.89 years) completed self-reported questionnaires to assess retrospective bullying, tendencies towards the use of emotion suppression and rumination, and loneliness. We found significant direct effects of retrospective bullying victimization on the use of emotion suppression and rumination strategies, as well as direct effects of the tendency towards emotion suppression and rumination strategies on self-reported adult loneliness. We found significant indirect effects of retrospective bullying experiences in predicting increased current loneliness through greater emotion suppression and through greater rumination. These results suggest that bullying victimization may be related to individuals' use of rumination and emotion suppression and subsequent increased loneliness in young adulthood. Future research should investigate methods of promoting non-avoidance based emotion regulation strategies among individuals who experienced childhood bullying victimization to disrupt negative developmental trajectories leading to adverse psychosocial outcomes such as loneliness in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Heterogeneity Among Preschoolers Recruited as Infants Due to Elevated Likelihood of Autism: A Sibling Study.","authors":"Lisa L Axelsson, Terje Falck-Ytter, Pär Nyström, Mikaéla Andric Blom, Matilda A Frick","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and developmental language disorder (DLD) are neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) that share etiological factors and frequently co-occur. Despite this, they have rarely been studied together-particularly in relation to functional outcomes. In this study, we investigate the association between the developmental pattern of sustained visual attention in infancy and number of diagnoses, and map the clinical profile of 6-year-old children. A cohort of 6-year-olds, originally recruited in infancy due to elevated (n = 42) or low (n = 7) likelihood of ASD, were assessed for sustained visual attention, diagnostic outcomes, general adaptive functioning, intellectual abilities, and language skills. Participants were grouped based on the number of NDC diagnoses (ASD, ADHD, DLD, and/or Subthreshold ASD) they received at follow-up. We could not find statistical support for an association between sustained visual attention and number of diagnoses. Findings revealed no significant differences in adaptive functioning, intellectual abilities, or language skills between children with no diagnosis (n = 24) and those with a single diagnosis (n = 15). However, children with two or more diagnoses (n = 10) scored significantly lower in general adaptive functioning, intellectual ability, language production, and verbal comprehension compared to those with only one or no diagnosis. The results indicate that compared to children with only one diagnosis or no diagnosis, children with two or more diagnoses scored lower on several key functional domains, emphasizing the need to prioritize children with multiple diagnoses or confirmed functional impairment in clinical settings. Moreover, the findings indicate that a single diagnosis in preschool-aged children should not be a stand-alone outcome measure in sibling studies, if the goal is to identify early processes that predict meaningful differences in everyday functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}