Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Heterogeneity Among Preschoolers Recruited as Infants Due to Elevated Likelihood of Autism: A Sibling Study.","authors":"Lisa L Axelsson, Terje Falck-Ytter, Pär Nyström, Mikaéla Andric Blom, Matilda A Frick","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and developmental language disorder (DLD) are neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) that share etiological factors and frequently co-occur. Despite this, they have rarely been studied together-particularly in relation to functional outcomes. In this study, we investigate the association between the developmental pattern of sustained visual attention in infancy and number of diagnoses, and map the clinical profile of 6-year-old children. A cohort of 6-year-olds, originally recruited in infancy due to elevated (n = 42) or low (n = 7) likelihood of ASD, were assessed for sustained visual attention, diagnostic outcomes, general adaptive functioning, intellectual abilities, and language skills. Participants were grouped based on the number of NDC diagnoses (ASD, ADHD, DLD, and/or Subthreshold ASD) they received at follow-up. We could not find statistical support for an association between sustained visual attention and number of diagnoses. Findings revealed no significant differences in adaptive functioning, intellectual abilities, or language skills between children with no diagnosis (n = 24) and those with a single diagnosis (n = 15). However, children with two or more diagnoses (n = 10) scored significantly lower in general adaptive functioning, intellectual ability, language production, and verbal comprehension compared to those with only one or no diagnosis. The results indicate that compared to children with only one diagnosis or no diagnosis, children with two or more diagnoses scored lower on several key functional domains, emphasizing the need to prioritize children with multiple diagnoses or confirmed functional impairment in clinical settings. Moreover, the findings indicate that a single diagnosis in preschool-aged children should not be a stand-alone outcome measure in sibling studies, if the goal is to identify early processes that predict meaningful differences in everyday functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playing for Keeps: Long-Term Recall With an Application Using Virtual Reality and the Method of Loci.","authors":"Josefin Hagström, Anders Winman","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strategies that provide spatial context to study material have been successfully utilized combined with virtual 3D technology to improve memory and learning. However, research suggests that memory enhancement effects relying on visualization may be of a short-term nature. The current study aimed to test whether these effects persist after a retention interval of 3 weeks. Additionally, we explored correlations with perceived efficiency, motivation, and gaming experience. German nouns with gender assignment were presented to 48 participants, either without or within a provided spatial context by a virtual reality application. Experimental effects persisted over a three-week retention interval and were unrelated to motivation and gaming experience. These effects were pronounced, with a 50% memory boost in the experimental condition and increased over time, suggesting decreased forgetting rate. Findings provide insights on the potential of learning applications based on spatial memory and individual factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1090-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting the Intensity of Vocal Emotions Across Cultures.","authors":"Yachan Liang, Roeland van Hout, Vincent J van Heuven","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensity is a fundamental dimension of emotions that affects their perception. However, theoretical and empirical studies on intensity, particularly in the vocal domain, remain limited. Furthermore, research on the effects of emotional dimensions (e.g., arousal, valence, and basicness) on intensity ratings remains sparse. This study investigates cross-cultural intensity ratings using the Demo (Dutch) and Koremo (Korean) corpora, each based on eight actors vocalizing eight emotions by pronouncing a pseudo-sentence. Both corpora were rated on intensity by Dutch and Korean listeners. The first goal is to examine the presence of in-group bias in intensity ratings across all responses and correct responses. The second goal is to assess the relative contributions of arousal, valence, and basicness to intensity ratings across all responses and correct responses. To achieve these goals, we conducted an intensity-rating experiment in which all participants rated the intensity of each emotion they perceived on a 4-point scale (1 = low intensity; 4 = high intensity). Participants consisted of 31 native Dutch listeners and 24 native Korean listeners, none of whom had prior knowledge of the other group's culture or language. Our results corroborate earlier findings and shed new light on intensity ratings of vocal emotions. First, contrary to previous findings, we did not find an in-group bias in intensity ratings, such that neither listener group gave higher ratings to emotions produced in their native language than in the unknown language. Second, intensity ratings were higher for high-arousal than for low-arousal emotions, for negative than for positive emotions, and for basic than for non-basic emotions. Notably, intensity ratings are more strongly correlated with arousal and basicness than valence, supporting earlier findings that high-arousal emotions are characterized by increased intensity. Despite the significant effects of arousal, valence, and basicness on intensity ratings, these dimensions do not yield a successful dichotomy of emotions in terms of intensity, since some emotions violate the general patterns of intensity ratings based on these three dimensions. Additionally, intensity ratings were higher for correct than incorrect responses. Together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of intensity in vocal emotion across cultures. Instead of an in-group bias, listeners tended to rate specific emotions as more intense, even when expressed in a non-native language. Although intensity ratings were affected by arousal, valence, and basicness, none of these dimensions provided a strict dichotomy of the eight emotions in intensity, since intensity ratings for certain emotions cannot be reliably predicted from the general patterns. Together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of intensity in vocal emotion across cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"983-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Maternal Cumulative Psychological Distress and Child Subsequent Social Competence: The Role of Early Childhood Education and Care and Social Networks.","authors":"Katja Tervahartiala, Eeva-Leena Kataja, Laura Perasto, Niina Junttila, Marjukka Pajulo, Hasse Karlsson, Noona Kiuru, Saara Nolvi, Linnea Karlsson, Riikka Korja","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal psychological distress may have adverse effects on child socioemotional development. However, supportive social networks and participation in out-of-home childcare may serve as key protective factors and promote positive developmental outcomes. This study investigated whether maternal cumulative psychological distress is associated with children's (n = 528) social competence at the age of 5 years (M = 5.02, SD = 0.08) in Finland. Latent profile analyses (LPA) were conducted to identify latent classes of maternal cumulative symptoms of depression, anxiety, and parenting stress. Associations between these profiles and children's prosocial and antisocial behavior were examined. Additionally, the moderating effects of the child's age at entry into Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) and maternal supportive social networks were analyzed. The results showed that chronically high maternal psychological distress was subsequently associated with child's higher impulsivity, higher disruptiveness, and lower empathy. We found no evidence of early ECEC attendance or mother's social networks as moderators between maternal symptoms and child's behavior. Nevertheless, mother's supportive social networks were beneficial for all children and associated with child's higher empathy and cooperation skills. These findings underscore the need for early identification of maternal psychological distress symptoms. Moreover, social networks may serve as valuable resources for families with young children and support child development, even though they did not buffer the effects of maternal distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1074-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneath the Surface of Unfounded Belief Systems: An Extended Test of the Dimensionality Hypothesis.","authors":"Albina Gallyamova, Elizaveta Komyaginskaya, Dmitry Grigoryev","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tests the dimensionality hypothesis, according to which diverse epistemically unfounded beliefs share a single underlying liability in addition to domain-specific components. We focus on conspiracy, paranormal, pseudoscientific, religious, and pseudo-profound (\"bullshit\") beliefs and examine whether their covariance structure is best captured by a common factor plus residual domain-specific factors. Using a nationally representative Russian sample (N = 1268), we modeled the five belief domains with competing confirmatory factor analysis models. We compared one-factor, correlated factors, higher order, and bifactor specifications, with the bifactor model prespecified as the focal test of the dimensionality hypothesis. We then related the general and domain-specific factors to cognitive and motivational antecedents. A prespecified bifactor solution, in which a general factor explained about half of the common variance while specific factors captured residual domain structure, provided the best fit. Conventional domain scores may systematically confound the general liability with domain-specific variance, potentially distorting cross-domain comparisons and inferences about domain-specific antecedents. Some cognitive and motivational antecedents emerged as central correlates of the general factor, whereas conspiracy, religious, pseudoscientific, paranormal, and pseudo-profound beliefs each showed distinct additional profiles. The findings support a dimensional view of epistemically unfounded beliefs anchored in a common cognitive-motivational architecture. We discuss the general factor as potentially reflecting an evolved predisposition favoring Type I errors (the \"smoke detector principle\") and archaic magical thinking, plausibly implemented at the proximate level in low-dimensional psychological \"conceptual spaces\" that align heterogeneous beliefs along a shared axis of receptivity to epistemically unfounded claims. Explicitly modeling this structure is crucial for valid measurement, comparison, and targeted intervention across epistemically unfounded belief domains, as opposed to relying on undifferentiated composite scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1119-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an Extended Cognitive Model of Moral Injury-The Role of Mental Defeat.","authors":"Madelyn Letendre, Andrea Reinecke","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moral injury (MI) is a proposed syndrome that develops when someone is exposed to, participates in, or fails to prevent an action that fundamentally violates their moral code and results in maladaptive cognitions about oneself and humanity. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder based on maladaptive cognitions that develops following a traumatic event. Decades of PTSD research underscore that the experience of mental defeat, or the perception that one was completely defeated during the traumatic event, plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of PTSD. Less work, however, has been done to develop a cognitive model of MI and to understand how mental defeat plays a role in the underlying maladaptive cognitions. Understanding the cognitive model of MI is key to developing effective cognitive therapy. In this paper, we first examine the role of mental defeat in PTSD cognitive models and then compare the PTSD cognitive model to proposed cognitive models for MI. Based on these comparisons and overlapping symptomology, we suggest that mental defeat plays an important role in MI cognitive models.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1044-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Among Personality, Perfectionism and Dispositional Flow in Athletes: A Partial Least Square Path Modeling Approach.","authors":"Francisco Daniel Martínez-Martínez, Amaia Ramírez-Muñoz, Pablo Asencio, Higinio González-García","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding which psychological traits promote a flow state is crucial in the sport environment. This study aimed to examine whether personality and perfectionism among athletes were associated with the experience of dispositional flow. A sample of 216 athletes (Mage = 25.30; SD = 8.67; 129 men) completed self-report measures. Results of the partial least squares path modeling approach showed that extraversion was significantly positively associated with challenge skill balance, awareness, merging of action, clear goals, loss of self-consciousness, unambiguous feedback, and transformation of time. In addition, agreeableness was significantly negatively associated with sense of control. Besides, conscientiousness was significantly negatively associated with sense of control, clear goals, and autotelic experience. Finally, emotional stability was significantly positively associated with the transformation of time. In conclusion, it is important to highlight the influence of personality in the flow experience, which may hinder the performance of those athletes who have not developed certain personality traits. Also, it is noteworthy that extraversion is among the most salient personality variables in relation to flow. This has practical psychological implications for developing healthy environments and for identifying risk profiles that endanger well-being and performance among athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1109-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Attachment and Mental Health Literacy in Young Adults: The Mediational Role of Emotional Regulation on Well-Being and Psychopathological.","authors":"Catarina Pinheiro Mota, Cristina Peixoto Alves, Daisy Araújo Rodrigues, Mariagiulia Galluzzo, Margarida Alves, Mónica Costa, Margarida Simões, Inês Relva","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Entering higher education can represent significant challenges to the adaptation of young students. Supportive family relationships and mental health literacy can act as protective factors, favoring regulatory mechanisms that promote adaptive experiences. This study aims to analyze the role of attachment to parents in well-being and psychopathological symptoms, as well as the role of mental health literacy in these outcomes, testing the mediating role of emotional regulation in the above associations. The sample consisted of 2258 young adults aged 18 to 35, collected using a random probabilistic method. The measures for data collection were a demographic questionnaire, the Psychological Well-Being Manifestation Measure Scale, the Affect Regulation Checklist, the Mental Health Literacy Scale, and the Short Form Version of the Father and Mother Attachment Questionnaire. The results reveal indirect effects of emotional regulation on the association between parental attachment and well-being, as well as with psychopathological symptoms. Similarly, there are positive associations between mental health literacy and well-being and psychopathological symptoms in young students. The results will be discussed in light of attachment theory, emphasizing individual and relational resources in promoting well-being and mental health among university students. The study's practical implication involves designing interventions that bolster parental engagement while concurrently fostering student autonomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1004-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Parental Emotion Socialization Behaviors: Insights From a Large-Scale Population-Based Family Study.","authors":"Yvonne Severinsen, Eivind Ystrom, Nikolai Haahjem Eftedal, Egil Nygaard, Mona Bekkhus, Karine Maria Porpino Viana, Stella Tsotsi, Evalill Bølstad, Rune Flaaten Bjørk","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parental emotion socialization behaviors (ESBs) are essential for child development and are typically understood as influenced by factors related to three domains: the parent, the child, and the family context. However, it remains unclear how parents' childhood experiences with ESBs should be represented within these conceptual frameworks. Addressing the complexity of ESBs, the present study examined predictors across three theoretically derived domains and additionally included parents' recollected ESBs as a parent-level factor. Questionnaire data were collected from a large population-based cohort of Norwegian mothers and fathers (n = 4207; 2460 mothers) with children aged 3 to 13 years (M = 7.4 years). Supportive and non-supportive ESBs were examined separately through hierarchical regression models incorporating parent, context, and child factors. The three domains collectively accounted for 28% of the variance in supportive ESBs and 29% in non-supportive ESBs. The results clearly emphasized parental factors, with parent gender and recollected ESBs being the most influential predictors. Other parent factors, such as perceived parenting stress, alcohol use, and the personality traits agreeableness and openness, also showed unique effects across both types of ESBs. Among contextual factors, education, income, and country of birth predicted non-supportive ESBs but not supportive ESBs. Child age and birth order were linked with supportive ESBs, whereas only child age predicted non-supportive ESBs. Findings highlight the importance of parent characteristics, particularly gender and recollected emotion socialization from the family of origin, in predicting current parental ESBs beyond contextual and child-related factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"953-971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146220812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Trajectories and Sequential Analysis of Triadic Joint Attention.","authors":"Tove Nilsson Gerholm, Petter Kallioinen, Tatjana von Rosen","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triadic joint attention (JA) refers to the shared focus of a child and an interlocutor on an object or event, accompanied by mutual awareness of this shared attention. Although JA is associated with early social interaction and later language development, its definitions and behavioral markers vary across studies and are often restricted to gaze and vocalizations, overlooking other communicative modalities. This longitudinal study followed 14 Swedish child-parent dyads during free play from 9 months to 3 years of age. Interactions were analyzed at both group and dyad levels. Vocal/verbal behavior, gesture, gaze, touch, and facial expression were annotated in detail. Time spent in JA was calculated across ages, and sequential analyses using odds ratios were conducted to examine how specific behaviors predicted the onset of JA. Joint attention increased steadily with age, accounting for 76% of interaction time at the group level by 3 years. Substantial variability was observed between dyads. Across ages, gaze combined with object-directed action, neutral affect, and close physical proximity were the strongest predictors of JA, although their relative contributions varied across dyads. These findings highlight the importance of multimodal analyses and attention to individual variability for understanding the developmental role of joint attention. The methodological approach, time-window sequential analysis, proved effective in identifying both group-level patterns and the diversity between and within dyads' interactional styles. Moreover, analyses based on age measured in days indicated that age differences-even up to more than 1 month-played a minor role relative to this variability in dyadic interactional styles.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1142-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}