Psychophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Electrocortical and Physiological Correlates of Memory and Attention During the Anticipation of Avoidable and Inevitable Threats.","authors":"Yannik Stegmann, Matthias Gamer","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When confronted with danger, humans display a range of defensive behaviors, such as freezing and active avoidance. Prior research has identified a distinct physiological response pattern to avoidable threats, characterized by heart rate bradycardia, reduced visual exploration, and suppressed visual alpha activity (8-13 Hz), all of which are associated with faster flight responses. While this pattern indicates an adaptive state of attentive immobility, it is largely unclear how this state influences the encoding of explicit threat-related memories. Clarifying these mechanisms seems important to understand the processes contributing to the formation of pathological fear memories. To address this question, we recorded parieto-occipital alpha activity, eye movements, and autonomic responses in 60 participants during anticipation of either an avoidable threat, an inevitable threat, or no threat, while viewing images of various facial identities. In a subsequent memory task, participants were asked to recognize previously seen faces among novel ones. Results showed enhanced suppression of alpha activity during avoidable threats, accompanied by heart rate bradycardia, centralized gaze, and increased sympathetic arousal. However, these responses were not linked to memory encoding. Instead, memory effects were associated with reduced pupillary responses, heightened visual exploration, and decreased alpha activity, particularly in occipitotemporal regions. Together, these findings suggest that when individuals face avoidable threats, they enter a state of attentive immobility that enhances perceptual processing and prepares them for action but does not extend to improved memory encoding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Dynamics of Visual Awareness as a Function of the Level of Processing of the Stimulus and Report Requirements: An ERP Study.","authors":"Mikel Jimenez, Christian Andrade, Antonio Prieto, Anna Grubert, José A Hinojosa, Pedro R Montoro","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent evidence suggests that the stimulus level of processing (LoP) modulates the two event-related potential (ERP) correlates of visual awareness-the visual awareness negativity (VAN) and late positivity (LP)-yet it remains unclear whether LoP also affects their temporal dynamics. In addition, recent studies using no-report paradigms have raised doubts about whether the LP constitutes a genuine correlate of awareness. In this study, we examined the ERP correlates of visual awareness and its temporal dynamics as a function of stimulus level of processing (LoP) and report condition (report vs. no-report). In the report condition, participants performed either a low-level (color: blue vs. red) or high-level (category: animal vs. object) discrimination task and indicated whether they had seen the target. In the no-report condition, they counted occurrences of a task-irrelevant but LoP-congruent stimulus. We computed the VAN and LP by pooling aware and unaware trials within each condition. The VAN component was absent in both tasks and report condition, likely influenced by early sensory activity and variations in stimulus-mask SOA. The LP was clearly visible across conditions, yet its amplitude was not modulated by the LoP. Critically, significant LP components were observed in both report and no-report conditions; although attenuated and slightly delayed in no-report trials, the LP remained present. This pattern replicates previous findings showing that the LP/P3 is sensitive to post-perceptual task demands yet also shows that it may persist even when response-related processes are removed. These findings suggest that late post-VAN activity may not correspond to a single unified ERP component but rather reflect a combination of post-perceptual processes and aspects of conscious stimulus evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in Preprocessing and Analysis of the Error-Related Negativity in Adult Response-Conflict Studies: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Katharina Paul, Johanna Paping, Jan Wacker","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70402","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analysis of EEG (electroencephalography) data affords many defensible choices, creating substantial researcher degrees of freedom. While stimulus-locked components such as the N400 show wide methodological variability and incomplete reporting, it has been unclear whether this generalizes to the response-locked error-related negativity (ERN). We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of ERN studies published 1995-2025. From a chronologically stratified sample of 202 studies of adults using conventional response-conflict tasks and conventional ERP analyses, we extracted preprocessing and quantification choices, assessed reporting completeness, examined temporal trends, and tested predictors of pipeline decisions (e.g., montage size, amplifier, analysis software, task). ERN pipelines and order of analysis steps were highly heterogeneous, no two studies used the same workflow, and reporting gaps persisted. Several analytic decisions showed modest temporal shifts, yet overall diversity remained high. Sample sizes increased over time but remained insufficient for typical small-to-moderate sized effects, and detailed preregistrations were extremely rare. None of the 32 processing and analysis choices examined in more detail varied systematically by task, and only a subset was linked to recording parameters (e.g., montage size, amplifier, analysis software). Across adult ERN studies using conventional response-conflict tasks and conventional ERP analyses, we observed substantial methodological heterogeneity, limited convergence in analytic practice, and considerable potential for analytic flexibility. Together this may complicate the comparison and synthesis of findings across studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Processing in a Nap Paradigm: The Role of Sleep Stages in Memory and Reactivity.","authors":"Costanza Colombo, Angie Baldassarri, Umberto Granziol, Jessica Ongaro, Lorenzo Viselli, Michele Ferrara, Aurora D'Atri, Nicola Cellini","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70414","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is widely known that sleep has a role in modulating emotional processing. However, while sleep facilitates the consolidation of emotional memories, its influence on emotional reactivity remains unclear. Most prior work has not fully addressed emotional reactivity, often relying solely on subjective or physiological measures, nor has it disentangled the contribution of different sleep stages. Here, using a between-subjects design, we asked participants to complete two picture-based tasks assessing emotional memory and emotional reactivity before and after a manipulation condition (nap, N = 40; wake, N = 40), and again 2 days later. Spontaneous variations in nap duration resulted in participants reaching REM sleep (REM group, N = 20) or not (No-REM group, N = 20). Emotional reactivity, assessed using an emotional picture task consisting of 28 images with different emotional contents (negative and neutral), was measured through subjective ratings and physiological responses (phasic cardiac response and skin conductance response). Sleep preserved memory performance relative to wakefulness, but after 2 days, only negative images maintained a memory advantage in the Nap group; however, no differences emerged as a function of REM sleep occurrence during the nap. For emotional reactivity, subjective arousal decreased after sleep in the REM group, whereas valence ratings declined only after 2 days. Physiologically, heart rate habituation was greater in the No-REM group. Together, these findings indicate that sleep fosters emotional memory consolidation while modulating reactivity in ways that diverge across subjective and physiological domains, with a decrease in subjective arousal ratings and an increase in phasic cardiac response. These findings, which should be interpreted in the context of the observed differences in participants' sleep architecture, highlight the complex role of sleep in emotional processing and underscore the need for standardized experimental paradigms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Interoceptive Predictive Coding in Functional Neurological Disorders.","authors":"Natascha Stoffel, Michaël Mouthon, Andria Pelentritou, Laure von der Weid, Cristina Concetti, Marzia De Lucia, Selma Aybek","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70417","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interoception, the processing of internal bodily signals, has been linked to the pathophysiology of Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), along with the theoretical concept of altered predictive coding (PC). FND symptoms such as sensory-motor dysfunction may arise from disrupted integration of sensory input and predictions. However, PC in the modality of interoception has not yet been investigated in FND. Using a PC paradigm, the cardio-audio synchronization task measured electrophysiological responses to the heartbeat during omitted sounds that were temporally locked to the heartbeat (synchronous condition) or not (asynchronous control condition). Patients with mixed FND symptoms (N = 36) were compared to sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC: N = 42) by contrasting synchronous and asynchronous heartbeat-evoked potentials during omissions using cluster-based permutation statistics. We further tested associations with self-reported interoceptive variables and assessed whole-scalp main and interaction effects in global field power (GFP) and topography. Patients with FND showed no cluster-level differences between conditions, whereas we identified a central cluster difference in HCs. The interoceptive-specific contrast (synch-asynch difference waves) differed between groups and correlated with interoceptive self-report but only when tested across groups (r = -0.33, p = 0.012). In this paradigm, group-by-condition interactions in topography identified the insula as the most probable source of differences. These interactions occurred before those identified in GFP analyses, suggesting that differential networks emerge first, followed by changes in overall activity strength. These results indicate that patients with FND use different neural mechanisms for interoceptive PC (i.e., precision-weighted prediction errors in interoception-guided predictions) than HCs. Patients with FND showed no difference in interoceptive PC, suggesting a dysfunctional interoceptive system. Together, these findings suggest that interoceptive-cued regularity processing in FND is characterized by altered early network recruitment, followed by differences in overall signal strength, potentially reflecting a disrupted progression of interoceptive PC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Context Modulates Neural Prediction-Error Encoding.","authors":"Darin R Brown","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70420","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional experiences are closely intertwined with reinforcement learning, yet the extent to which emotional context influences the neural encoding of learning signals remains unclear. The present study examined whether emotional context modulates trialwise neural prediction error (PE) encoding during reinforcement learning. Fifty-six participants completed a drifting three-armed bandit task while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Choice options were consistently paired with positive, neutral, or negative emotional images that were presented during feedback processing. Trial-by-trial PEs were estimated using a computational reinforcement-learning model and related to feedback-locked EEG activity using hierarchical linear mixed-effects modeling. Traditional condition-averaged analyses revealed robust feedback-related ERP responses to reward outcomes but minimal effects of emotional context on overt behavior or mean reward positivity (RewP) amplitude. In contrast, trialwise analyses demonstrated that emotional context significantly moderated the relationship between PE and feedback-locked neural activity. The relationship between trialwise PEs and EEG amplitude was strongest in neutral contexts, whereas it was attenuated in positive emotional contexts during the early RewP interval and in negative emotional contexts during a later posterior stage of feedback processing. Consistent with this temporal pattern, scalp topographies revealed a corresponding shift from early frontocentral to later posterior activity over the course of feedback processing. Together, these findings suggest that emotional context does not substantially alter overt learning performance or condition-averaged reward responses, but instead subtly shapes the neural encoding of PEs during reinforcement learning. More broadly, the results highlight the value of computationally informed trial-level analyses for identifying affective influences on learning signals that may be obscured by traditional condition-averaged approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Event-Related Potentials to Facial Expressions Are Related to Stimulus-Level Perceived Arousal and Valence\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pupil Size Automatically Tracks and Predicts the Complexity of Visual Information.","authors":"Jianrong Jia, Zhiming Kong, Fang Fang","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stimulus complexity is a fundamental constraint on the human visual system to summarize scenes into manageable representations. Although the pupil is known to reflect cognitive load, its role in processing visual complexity remains largely unexplored. In four experiments exploring orientation ensemble perception, we found that pupil size serves as a dynamic indicator of stimulus complexity, which was measured by entropy. Experiment 1 showed that pupillary constriction decreased (resulting in a larger pupil) as orientation distributions became more dispersed, a change that tracked increases in behavioral adjustment errors. Experiment 2 revealed that these pupillary adjustments occurred automatically during passive viewing and correlated with individual differences in perceptual sensitivity. Experiment 3 showed that these automatic pupillary adjustments emerged even when participants never performed any task and purely passively viewed the bar arrays throughout the entire session. Finally, Experiment 4 demonstrated that the pupil adjusted predictively in response to cues signaling upcoming stimulus complexity. Collectively, our findings suggest that the pupil plays an active, predictive role in visual summarization: it dilates to gather more information from complex stimuli, thereby optimizing the encoding of summary statistics at the earliest stage of the visual hierarchy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baselines Matter: Cardiovascular Baseline Procedures in Affective Psychophysiology.","authors":"Maciej Behnke, Wadim Krzyżaniak, Szymon Jęśko Białek, Patryk Maciejewski, Audrey-Ann Journault, Sylvia Kreibig, Jeremy P Jamieson, James J Gross","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A baseline is necessary to define biological reactivity in psychophysiological research. However, the conceptualization and implementation of baseline measurements are often underdescribed and weakly justified. This poses a problem because poor baseline decisions have the potential to introduce noise, reduce comparability across studies, and bias interpretations of data. In this article, we focus on laboratory studies using cardiovascular measures in affective psychophysiology. Motivated by substantial variation and limited reporting of baseline procedures, we examined within-baseline stabilization in two studies. Study 1 analyzed 1593 baseline sessions from 1310 participants in the POPANE and CEPAV datasets. Study 2 assessed generalizability using data from 2395 participants collected in a U.S. laboratory. Findings suggest that although different cardiovascular indices may stabilize differently during a 5-min baseline, this procedure is a reasonable, pragmatic choice. More broadly, findings highlight the need for stronger justification, standardization, and reporting of baseline procedures in psychophysiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematics Anxiety Is Associated With Attentional and Memory-Related Neural Activity During Numerical Cognition.","authors":"Simge Altınok, Sertaç Üstün, Kevser Aktaş, Nihal Apaydın, Metehan Çiçek","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70422","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mathematics achievement can be influenced by negative emotions and expectations related to numerical tasks. Individuals with high mathematics anxiety often show poorer numerical performance. This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying different levels of numerical processing associated with mathematics anxiety using number line estimation and arithmetic verification tasks during fMRI. Participants were classified into high (n = 22, age = 23.09 ± 2.22) and low (n = 24, age = 22.67 ± 3.29) mathematics anxiety groups based on detailed screening prior to scanning. Trait and test anxiety were also assessed to capture broader anxiety-related characteristics. Before the fMRI session, participants completed assessments of calculation performance and digit span, and a mock MRI session was used to reduce scanner-related stress. Participants completed task and control conditions for each numerical task during fMRI. Neuroimaging data were analyzed using 2 × 2 whole-brain voxel-wise ANOVA. Group differences in task-related brain activation were further examined both before and after statistically controlling for trait and test anxiety. Results showed that low mathematics anxiety was associated with greater frontal eye field activity during number-space mapping and stronger supramarginal gyrus activity during arithmetic computation compared with high mathematics anxiety. Controlling for trait and test anxiety helped clarify which neural effects remained associated with mathematics anxiety after accounting for variance shared with broader anxiety-related factors. Overall, attentional and memory-related effects remained associated with mathematics anxiety after this adjustment, whereas additional effects involving motor processes and cognitive control were attenuated, suggesting that these effects may partly reflect variance shared with broader anxiety-related constructs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}