Psychophysiology最新文献

{"title":"The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) and the Reward Positivity (RewP) Event-Related Potentials: Comparison Between a Dry Electrode and a Gel-Based EEG System.","authors":"Kreshnik Burani, Julia Klawohn, C J Brush, A Hunter Threadgill, Greg Hajcak","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70335","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Event-related potentials (ERPs) have practical utility in clinical psychology as neural markers of individual differences that can predict changes in symptoms over time and as a function of treatment. Implementation in clinical settings, however, would benefit from eliminating conductive gel. Dry electrode EEG systems exist; however, there is little research comparing ERPs recorded from dry and gel-based electrode EEG systems. In the current study, participants completed the flanker task and the doors task in counter-balanced order to elicit the error-related negativity (ERN) and reward positivity (∆RewP), respectively. Across both tasks, the gel-based EEG system produced larger magnitude ERPs with higher signal-to-noise ratio; however, ERPs recorded from both EEG systems had good internal consistency. In addition, the ERPs from both systems showed good convergent and divergent validity, indicating that both systems are capturing similar variance in error- and reward-related brain activity. Overall, the dry electrode EEG system recorded ERPs with good data quality that may be used in individual differences research implemented in clinical settings and related environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preprocessing on the Go: Practices in Gait-Related Mobile EEG.","authors":"Vaishali Vinod, Lara Johanna Papin, Robbin Romijnders, Walter Maetzler, Julius Welzel","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70352","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mobile EEG has become popular in investigating brain dynamics during gait in recent years. Within this development, new preprocessing pipelines have been introduced and refined. The diversity of approaches, however, complicates comparisons across studies. To provide clarity, we reviewed studies that combined mobile EEG with gait measurements to map the preprocessing pipelines used in the field. Our review identified substantial heterogeneity in pipeline steps, their order, combinations, and the level of reporting detail. We visualized this heterogeneity as a map, tracing pathways from raw data to outcomes such as Power spectral density (PSD), Event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP), Event-related (de-) synchronization (ERD/ERS), and Corticomuscular coherence (CMC), along with a subsequent analysis highlighting unique pipelines. Notably, artifact rejection varied across studies in both the tools used and reporting practices. While differences in hardware, setup, and experimental paradigms can justify this variability, they also challenge comparability across findings. These results emphasize the need for transparent reporting standards and provide a foundation for future efforts toward developing shared standards in the mobile EEG community.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13296838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148318503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin Modulates Inhibitory Control via Neural-Temporal Mechanisms.","authors":"Wei Yi, Hualing Lin, Xiaoqi Xu, Jialin Fan, Qingfei Chen, Fei Xin","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70342","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhibitory control is frequently impaired under anxiety, yet the temporal dynamics through which oxytocin (OXT) modulates this process remain poorly understood. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacological event-related potential (ERP) study investigated how intranasal OXT (24 IU) influences neural and behavioral correlates of inhibitory control under threat-of-shock (anxiety) and safe conditions in 100 healthy male university students. Participants performed an interference-inhibition working memory task requiring attention to either emotional faces (social) or house scenes (non-social) while ignoring superimposed task-irrelevant stimuli. ERPs across distinct processing stages (N1, P2, N2, N450) were analyzed. OXT did not significantly affect behavioral performance. However, it produced stage-specific, context-dependent neuromodulatory effects. Specifically, OXT (1) modulated early perceptual processing of social stimuli under anxiety, as indicated by a reduced P2 amplitude to faces; (2) influenced conflict-monitoring, as reflected by an anxiety-dependent attenuation of the N2 response during the non-social task; and (3) modulated later conflict resolution processes, evidenced by a double dissociation in the N450 component: OXT prevented the anxiety-induced increase in N450 for houses while enhancing the N450 response to faces under threat. This study provides temporal insights into the neurophysiological effects of OXT, indicating that OXT modulates inhibitory control through multi-stage neural processes rather than a general anxiolytic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controllability Determines the Incentive Effect of Reward and Punishment: EEG Evidence.","authors":"Yanru Zhan, Fei Dong, Yan Zhang, Ping Wei","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70336","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although anticipating rewards and punishments facilitates behavioral performance, the role of controllability in shaping the integrative effects of these incentives remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted two experiments using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, aiming to investigate how controllability influences the effects of reward and punishment information on behavioral responses and their underlying neural mechanisms. In both experiments, the procedure followed a consistent structure: a cue indicating the reward and punishment condition was presented first, after which participants completed a task requiring fast and accurate responses, with feedback delivered afterward. In Experiment 1, reward delivery was contingent on participants' task performance, whereas punishment was delivered randomly. In contrast, Experiment 2 tied punishment delivery to performance, while reward was delivered randomly. Behaviorally, reaction times were significantly faster when participants anticipated controllable incentives-specifically, rewards in Experiment 1 and punishments in Experiment 2-without sacrificing response accuracy. For event-related potentials (ERPs), cue-related components (cue-N2, cue-P3, contingent negative variation [CNV], pre-feedback stimulus-preceding negativity [SPN]) showed consistent modulation by controllable incentives across both experiments. Additionally, the CNV was also influenced by uncontrollable rewards in Experiment 2. Results for the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and feedback-P3 consistently supported the salience prediction error account: outcomes involving reward (vs. no-reward) and punishment (vs. no-punishment) elicited more positive amplitudes. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that individuals are sensitive to both reward and punishment information, with heightened sensitivity to outcomes that are controllable, as reflected in both behavioral performance and neural activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Emotion and Bodily Activity With Machine Learning.","authors":"Roydon Goldsack, W Bastiaan Kleijn, Hedwig Eisenbarth","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70320","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human experiences of bodily activity relate to their emotional state; however, exactly how is yet to be fully explored. We aim to conceptually model this relationship between bodily activity and subjective emotional experience using machine learning models. Bodily activity, including internal and peripheral physiological activity and body movements, has been implicated as an important part of a person's emotional state. However, practical investigation of the relationship between bodily activity and self-reported emotional state relies on suitable choices of emotional-state measures. Furthermore, the moment-by-moment associations of measures of bodily activity with a person's self-reported emotional state are still unclear. This study used recordings of the full-body movements and physiological activity of participants in dyadic interactions discussing various positive or negative topics. For each conversation, the dyads (N = 38) reported how they were feeling on three measures. We used a machine learning model trained on each different measure of bodily activity and self-reported emotion measure to investigate how well each measure of bodily activity predicts each measure of self-reported emotion within the machine learning model. Linear mixed models examining those results showed an interaction between how well bodily activity and emotion measures were predicted. Results also showed that within emotion measures, the intensity of some emotions was easier to predict than others. These results demonstrate that self-reports using summative ratings are easier to predict with machine learning models. In addition, the results replicated the predictive relevance of physiological activity over other measures for someone's emotional state.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vicarious Extinction Attenuates Reinstatement of High-Intensity Fear: The Role of the Acquisition-To-Extinction Interval.","authors":"Biao Feng, Xin Ai, Fuwei Huang, Wei Chen, Xifu Zheng","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70344","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abnormal fear is a core symptom of various anxiety disorders and a key focus of clinical intervention. Previous research has demonstrated that vicarious extinction effectively reduces fear and inhibits its reinstatement. However, these studies primarily focus on moderate-intensity fear, which is distinct from the high-intensity fear typically experienced by clinical populations. Experiment 1 (N = 54) of this study investigated the impact of fear intensity (High vs. Moderate) on the efficacy of immediate vicarious extinction. Results revealed that while vicarious extinction reduced moderate-intensity fear and inhibited reinstatement, its efficacy for high-intensity fear was limited; specifically, the high-intensity group exhibited significantly higher overall skin conductance responses (SCRs) during reinstatement testing and elevated retrospective US expectancy ratings. Building upon these findings, Experiment 2 (N = 56) examined whether intervention timing could optimize outcomes for high-intensity fear by comparing three intervention timings: 1-day delay, 14-day delay, and an immediate intervention baseline (from Experiment 1). Results showed that while the 1-day delay intervention remained suboptimal, vicarious extinction implemented after a 14-day delay significantly enhanced efficacy. Specifically, the 14-day group showed lower overall fear reinstatement than the immediate group, as well as reduced CS+ reactivity and differential responses (CS+ minus CS-) relative to the 1-day group, achieving outcomes comparable to the moderate-intensity group in Experiment 1. In conclusion, while immediate vicarious extinction has limited impact on high-intensity fear, introducing an appropriate interval (e.g., 14 days) significantly enhances its efficacy. These findings highlight the interaction between fear intensity and intervention delay, suggesting that identifying optimal timing is crucial for intervening in clinically relevant high-intensity fear.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for Cardiac Phase-Linked Perception of Heartbeats.","authors":"Ren Palmer, Davide Morelli, David Plans, Jennifer Todd, Jane Aspell, Mateo Leganes, Geoffrey Bird, Jennifer Murphy","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70346","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Commonly used methods for assessing cardiac interoceptive accuracy have been criticized for assuming that all individuals perceive their heartbeat at the same delay following contraction of the heart, despite evidence for notable variability across individuals. However, it remains unclear whether some individuals perceive their heartbeat at a particular phase of their cardiac cycle-that is, at a relative point in the cycle that may vary in absolute timing depending on heart rate-rather than at a specific delay. Identification of all heartbeat perceivers is critical for accurate measurement of cardiac interoceptive accuracy; individual differences in which are theorized to play a role in several aspects of higher-order cognition as well as health and wellbeing. In the current study, data from 526 participants who completed the Phase Adjustment Task (PAT) as a measure of cardiac interoceptive accuracy were examined. In this task, participants are asked to adjust a virtual dial until tones appear synchronous with their heartbeats. Data were analyzed using a novel framework that allows differentiation between delay-based and phase-based response patterns. Of 76 interoceptive individuals identified, 21% (N = 16) demonstrated response patterns consistent only with phase-based responding. These novel findings challenge current assumptions regarding individual differences in the perception of heartbeats, and suggest that many commonly used measures may underestimate the true proportion of heartbeat perceivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13296266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148318481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Working Memory Prioritization: Retro-Cues vs. Saccadic Preparation.","authors":"Cristina Romero-Casas, Jorge San-Segundo, Joaquín Macedo-Pascual, Nuria Camuñas, Almudena Capilla, Claudia Poch","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70331","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selective internal attention allows working memory (WM) contents to be prioritized according to task demands, a process typically investigated with the retro-cue paradigm. In this paradigm, a cue presented during WM maintenance indicates which item will be tested, enabling memory-based prioritization of task-relevant and typically enhancing memory performance. Recent findings suggest, however, that saccade preparation toward the location of a WM item can also produce prioritization linked to oculomotor selection. In the present study, we compared behavioral performance and neural oscillatory dynamics associated with action-oriented prioritization induced by saccade preparation and memory-based prioritization elicited by spatial and color retro-cues. Behaviorally, saccade-based prioritization produced only a modest benefit relative to incongruent items, whereas both types of retro-cues yielded substantially larger improvements. At the neural level, alpha-band lateralization showed a similar spatial-attention pattern across all prioritization conditions, supporting a shared covert attentional mechanism. In contrast, bilateral posterior alpha power was reduced following retro-cues compared to saccadic preparation, consistent with a release of WM load when non-cued items are deprioritized. Overall, our results suggest that these forms of prioritization may rely on overlapping spatial-attention processes, but differ in strategic control and their consequences for load management. Importantly, retro-cue-based prioritization produces a stronger behavioral enhancement than prioritization associated with saccade preparation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 5","pages":"e70331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147982783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Allostatic Load on Comorbid Depression-Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents With Low Family Socioeconomic Status: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional and Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis.","authors":"Sipu Guo, Hua Ming, Yanqiang Tao, Peiling Li, Qiming Yu, Silin Huang","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70332","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extant research has insufficiently examined how biological adaptations to chronic stress are associated with comorbid depression-anxiety among adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). From a network perspective, comorbidity is conceptualized as symptom communities linked by bridge symptoms. Using this framework, we investigated whether allostatic load (AL), a composite indicator of cumulative physiological stress, was associated with differences in depression-anxiety symptom networks among Chinese adolescents with low family socioeconomic status (SES). A total of 485 adolescents with low family SES (54.0% girls; mean age = 12.06 years, SD = 1.67) completed AL assessments at baseline and self-report measures of depression and anxiety at two time points over 1 year. Participants were stratified into high- and low-AL groups based on biological parameters. Symptom networks were estimated using graphical Gaussian models and cross-lagged panel networks. While composite symptom scores showed minimal differences between the high-AL and low-AL groups, notable differences emerged in network structure. In both groups, depression symptoms exerted strong temporal influence within the comorbidity network. However, anxiety symptoms showed stronger prospective associations with depression symptoms in the high-AL group than in the low-AL group. Somatic symptoms, particularly gastrointestinal symptoms, exhibited greater prominence as bridge nodes in the high-AL network. These findings suggest that higher allostatic load is associated with altered patterns of symptom interrelation between depression and anxiety, particularly involving somatic bridge symptoms. Network analysis provides a fine-grained, descriptive characterization of how physiological stress burden relates to comorbid symptom dynamics without implying causal mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 5","pages":"e70332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148016753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reward Positivity Tracks Positive Reward Prediction Errors From Feedback to Cues During Reinforcement Learning.","authors":"Yifan Gao, Robert Wilson, Galit Karpov, Travis E Baker","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70308","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How does the brain learn to predict rewards? According to temporal difference (TD) learning theory, reward prediction errors (RPEs) should shift from the time of outcome delivery to earlier predictive cues as stimulus-action-outcome associations are learned. The reward positivity, an electrophysiological signal believed to index sensitivity of the anterior midcingulate cortex to positive RPEs, should progressively transfer from feedback to predictive cues during learning. However, this core prediction of the reward positivity has remained largely untested. We recorded the EEG from 73 healthy adults performing a probabilistic selection task (PST) with extended training trials. The reward positivity amplitude was measured at both feedback and cue presentation during early and late training phases (first and second halves, respectively). To examine individual differences in RPE-related learning processes, we split participants into rapid and slow learner groups and fit Q-learning models to estimate separate learning rates for positive and negative feedback. Results showed clear evidence of temporal backpropagation: early in learning, the reward positivity appeared when feedback was delivered, but late in learning it disappeared from feedback and instead emerged when predictive cues appeared. Rapid learners showed more pronounced shifts in reward positivity from feedback to cue, consistent with their higher learning rates. These findings provide the first clear evidence that reward positivity demonstrates the temporal backpropagation predicted by TD learning theory. The results validate reward positivity as a neural marker of positive RPEs and highlight the importance of examining both cue-related and feedback-related brain responses to fully characterize reinforcement learning processes. Our findings have important implications for understanding individual differences in reinforcement learning and for interpreting the reward positivity in clinical populations and across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 5","pages":"e70308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}