Psychophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Alpha and Theta Oscillations Differentiate Escalating Risk Levels During Reward Anticipation in Sequential Decision Making.","authors":"Eszter Tóth-Fáber, Andrea Kóbor","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70333","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reward anticipation potentially guides sequential decision making, yet its underlying neural dynamics remain unclear. In this study, we investigated how within-trial escalating risk and contextual uncertainty modulate oscillatory brain activity during reward anticipation. EEG was recorded while participants (N = 44) performed a modified version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task in which balloon burst probabilities changed across task phases, introducing contextual uncertainty. Spectral power was analyzed time-locked to three within-trial risk levels: early no-risk pumps, final successful pumps (preceding cash out), and unsuccessful pumps (preceding balloon burst). Time-frequency decomposition using Morlet wavelets revealed a parieto-occipital alpha power increase following early no-risk pumps, consistent with reduced deliberative engagement when anticipating certain rewards. In contrast, centroparietal alpha suppression emerged following final successful pumps, suggesting increased attentional engagement and reward expectancy at high within-trial risk levels. Frontocentral theta power also decreased following final successful pumps, with the strongest reduction observed when the burst probability function was shallower. Rather than reflecting simple reward encoding, this pattern may index reduced monitoring demands following commitment to the selected action. Overall, both alpha and theta dynamics tracked within-trial escalating risk, whereas theta activity was additionally modulated by contextual factors across task phases. These findings provide novel insights into the oscillatory mechanisms supporting reward anticipation in sequential decision environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"sBOSC: A Method for Source-Level Identification of Neural Oscillations in Electromagnetic Brain Signals.","authors":"Enrique Stern, Guiomar Niso, Almudena Capilla","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70345","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural oscillations are recognized as a fundamental component of brain electromagnetic activity. They are implicated in a wide range of cognitive processes and proposed as a core mechanism for brain communication. Nonetheless, detecting genuine neural oscillations remains a methodological challenge, particularly due to the difficulty of distinguishing them from aperiodic background activity. To identify episodes of oscillatory activity directly at their sources, we developed sBOSC, which extends the BOSC (Better OSCillation detection) family of algorithms. Consistent with existing approaches, sBOSC detects oscillatory episodes that exceed both a defined power threshold and a minimum duration criterion. In sBOSC, however, the detection of oscillatory episodes also relies on identifying peaks (i.e., local maxima) in the power spectra as well as throughout the brain volume (spatial peaks). Using a series of simulated signals, we tested the ability of sBOSC to detect and localize oscillations across multiple scenarios. Our results show that most oscillatory episodes were accurately detected at their sources, achieving above 95% accuracy under optimal conditions (i.e., high signal-to-noise ratio, lower frequencies, and numerous successive cycles). In addition, we validated sBOSC's performance using real magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from both resting-state and motor task recordings. From the detected oscillatory episodes, we extracted a topographic distribution of natural frequencies that is consistent with previous work, as well as the expected alpha- and beta-band modulations over sensorimotor regions during motor preparation. In conclusion, sBOSC offers a novel approach for identifying oscillatory activity in electrophysiological signals. It extends previous algorithms by operating in source space and verifying the presence of genuine spectral peaks, thereby enabling new possibilities for exploring brain dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13297026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148318484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Prediction-Related Processes in Language Using an EEG Word Stem Completion Paradigm.","authors":"Hui-Sun Chiu, Ryan J Hubbard, Kara D Federmeier","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70339","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans comprehend language rapidly, with active prediction of upcoming words as a key mechanism. Studies using sentences have documented facilitations in behavior and brain activity (N400) when people encounter predictable words, and brain responses (anterior positivity) specific to prediction violations. However, it has been challenging to investigate prediction formation mechanisms, given the complex, incremental context provided by sentences. Here, we examined prediction by measuring EEG in a simple word stem completion task. Participants saw three initial letters (e.g., bro___) varying in constraint/entropy of possible completions and were asked to generate a word completion. They then saw a target that was either a probable completion (brother), an improbable completion (bronze), or a pseudoword (*brom). In Experiment 1, participants self-reported whether the target matched their prediction; in Experiment 2 they made a lexical decision to the target and then typed in their prediction. Consistent with findings from sentences, N400s were reduced for probable completions, primarily driven by a greater proportion of match responses with highly facilitated N400 amplitudes. No anterior positivity was found to improbable words in Experiment 1, but it was present in Experiment 2. Given these task differences, the anterior positivity may therefore reflect engagement of processes to manage activation of lexico-semantic information when there is competition, as from a strong prediction. Crucially, neural responses following the word stem (i.e., during prediction formation) showed a sustained centro-posterior positivity that was graded with entropy (more negative for high-entropy stems). This effect reveals that prediction-formation processes are sensitive to the distribution of possible completions based on the context.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13297031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148318548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic Relevance of a Conditioned Stimulus Does Not Enhance Fear Extinction Beyond Temporal Proximity to the Unconditioned Stimulus.","authors":"Luke J Ney, Yi Wang, Kobi Eales, Joe Anderson, Madeline Jarvis, Ottmar V Lipp","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70337","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) memory processes are often investigated using fear conditioning experiments. Based on the premises of Ehlers and Clark's cognitive model of PTSD, we previously found that an additional stimulus (the CSX) that was presented simultaneously with aversive stimulation became a stronger cue for conditioned fear compared to a standardly presented predictive conditioned stimulus (CS+). In the current study, we tested whether an additional CSX with higher semantic similarity to the aversive stimulus resulted in a stronger cue than the semantically dissimilar CSX (the semantically similar CSX was called CSR). Three groups of participants completed a standard fear conditioning experiment, where the presentation of two CSs (CSX and CSR) occurred simultaneously with a mild electric shock. The effect on return of fear of extinction using the CSX (CSX group), CSR (CSR group), or CS+ (CS+ group) was tested. We found that the CSX and CSR groups had significantly reduced physiological return of fear compared to the CS+ group. Additionally, preliminary Bayesian evidence of no difference between CSR and CSX in reducing return of fear was found, though the study was underpowered to formally test CSR-CSX equivalence. These findings provide provisional evidence that presenting cues during exposure therapy that had temporal proximity to traumatic experiences is the most critical factor for reducing fear, which provides empirical support for the Ehlers and Clark cognitive model.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Aerobic Capacity Protect Against Stress? Insights From Two Stress-Induction Paradigms.","authors":"Peter Raidl, Anja Vogl, Aljoscha Dreisörner, Barbara Wessner, Urs M Nater, Robert Csapo","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70350","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior evidence suggests that individuals with higher fitness exhibit attenuated endocrine and autonomic responses to acute psychological and physical stressors. However, it remains unclear whether this stress-buffering effect depends on the type of stressor. This study examined whether aerobic capacity modulates psychophysiological responses to two stress-induction paradigms (Trier Social Stress Tests, TSST; Maastricht Acute Stress Test, MAST). We hypothesized that fitter participants show lower stress reactivity, with stronger attenuation expected for the MAST, which includes a physical stress component. Healthy participants (n = 59; 28 women; age: 27.1 ± 5.5 years) completed the TSST and MAST on separate days under standardized conditions. We assessed self-reported stress, salivary hormones (cortisol, cortisone, DHEAS), and autonomic cardiac regulation (heart rate and root mean square of successive differences of heart periods). Aerobic fitness was determined via graded exercise testing (peak oxygen uptake; V̇O₂peak: 50.4 ± 8.6 mL/kg/min). Multilevel regression models were used to examine the associations between V̇O₂peak and stress responses. Higher V̇O₂peak was significantly associated with lower heart rate across both stress-induction paradigms (b = 0.99 bpm, p = 0.002). For other outcomes, no significant association with V̇O₂peak was found. The associations did not differ between TSST and MAST. Aerobic fitness was linked to lower heart rate during the experimental sessions, indicating a modest cardiovascular advantage under acute stress. Contrary to our hypothesis, this effect did not differ between the two stress paradigms, suggesting that the influence of fitness was not specific to the type of stressor. Aerobic capacity, therefore, seems to reduce cardiovascular load during stressful situations in a general manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13291345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using EEG to Measure the Neural Effects of Oxytocin Administration: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.","authors":"Elisabeth Deilhaug, Matthijs Moerkerke, Alina I Sartorius, Heemin Kang, Emilie Meyer Bull, Kjersti M Walle, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, Lars T Westlye, Terje Nærland, Ole A Andreassen, Daniel S Quintana","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70334","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a key method for investigating the neural mechanisms through which oxytocin influences cognition and behavior. EEG is cost-effective, has excellent temporal precision, and may elucidate neural correlates of emotional and cognitive processes. EEG studies evaluating oxytocin's electrophysiological effects have, however, yielded mixed results, which is likely driven by heterogeneity in EEG measures, study designs, dosages, and samples. To investigate the effect of oxytocin administration on EEG measures, we performed two multilevel random effects meta-analyses: The first meta-analysis synthesized studies investigating the effects of oxytocin administration on different neural correlates of social and cognitive processing; the second meta-analysis synthesized studies evaluating effects of oxytocin administration on exploratory, less task-specific neural activity measures, such as the modulation of microstates. Across both meta-analyses, we synthesized 161 effect sizes from 28 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1361 participants from different population groups. These multilevel meta-analyses yielded statistically significant, small effect sizes of oxytocin administration across different EEG measures reflecting social and cognitive processes (Hedges' g = 0.14), and exploratory neural activity (Hedges' g = 0.28) with significant heterogeneity estimates (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Moderator analyses revealed that the different EEG measurements of interest (e.g., event-related potentials) and the proportion of female participants were found to significantly moderate the effect of oxytocin on neural EEG activity. Altogether, these meta-analyses present tentative evidence for oxytocin administration modulating a wide range of EEG-based markers of neural activity. We observed substantial heterogeneity across studies-in terms of study designs, experimental paradigms and EEG measurements, and participant characteristics. More research is warranted to map out the context-specific effects of oxytocin administration on different neural markers, to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms of oxytocin.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pupil-Brain System at Rest: Spontaneous Pupil Fluctuations as Markers of Neuromodulatory and Network Dynamics.","authors":"T Liu, S A Kotz, A Criscuolo, M Schwartze","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70338","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous pupil fluctuations (SPFs) during rest provide a non-invasive, low-cost index of central arousal dynamics, independent of cognitive task demands. These features position SPFs as promising markers for baseline neurophysiological activity in both basic and translational research. This review synthesizes current evidence on the resting-state pupil-brain system, focusing on its core components: central neuromodulatory circuits and large-scale cortical networks. We first examine the relationship between SPFs and distributed elements of the ascending arousal system, including noradrenergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic nuclei. We then detail SPF coupling with intrinsic functional networks-default mode, salience, and sensorimotor systems-highlighting their role in mediating transitions between internally- and externally-oriented brain states. Finally, we discuss the spectral and directional properties of pupil-brain interactions, emphasizing analytical approaches suited for assessing directionality and outlining implications for clinical and translational applications. Converging evidence from animal and human neuroimaging studies reveals robust spatiotemporal and spectral coupling between SPFs and neural activity across micro- and macro-scales. These findings support a systems-level framework in which SPFs serve as integrative markers linking subcortical neuromodulation with large-scale cortical dynamics. We conclude that SPFs offer a sensitive window into arousal regulation and body-brain integration, with potential utility as biomarkers for neuropsychiatric conditions and altered states of consciousness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13250614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Foundations Supporting Prosocial Behaviors: A Scoping Review of EEG/ERP Evidence During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood.","authors":"Rebecca Revilla, Cailee M Nelson, Kate Flory, Sarah R Edmunds, Abigail L Hogan, Caitlin M Hudac","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70340","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescence is a particularly important period for prosocial development given the foundational changes that occur in social and reward neural systems. Despite the temporal and developmental advantages of electroencephalography (EEG), no studies have compiled and analyzed existing EEG evidence of adolescent prosocial development. The current scoping review characterized how EEG methods are being used to study the rapid neural processes that underlie prosocial behaviors in early, middle, and late adolescence/emerging adulthood. Additionally, we evaluated the ecological validity and developmental appropriateness of the experimental paradigms included in this review and summarized neural correlates using a multidimensional developmental model. On September 13, 2025, two electronic databases were searched to identify studies that used traditional EEG methods to record state-level prosocial behaviors in participants aged 10 to 25 years old. Thirty-one studies were included in this review. Prosocial behavior themes measured across these studies included cooperation (32%), fairness (16%), giving (32%), and helping (19%). Studies commonly focused on college-aged samples (94%) and evaluated event-related potentials (81%), with three studies including additional spectral analyses (i.e., beta, delta, and theta). Two studies focused solely on spectral oscillations (i.e., beta, theta). P3 (84%) and FRN (55%) components were most frequently examined across reviewed studies and prosocial domains. Overall, results highlight a need for EEG studies to examine prosocial behaviors in earlier stages of adolescence, to consider the multidimensional nature of prosocial behaviors, and to begin evaluating prosocial behaviors that are more relevant to adolescents' day-to-day lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13277634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Extinction Training With Unpaired US and US Only Presentations on the Contextual Renewal of Human Fear Conditioning.","authors":"Yi Wang, Luke J Ney, Ottmar V Lipp","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70312","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past research has shown that contextual renewal of conditional fear can be reduced if unconditional stimuli (USs) are presented unpaired with the conditional stimuli (CSs) during extinction training. The current study examined whether this reduction is a product of strengthened extinction learning from the unpaired presentation of the stimuli that had been paired during acquisition or from habituation to the US. Three groups of participants completed extinction training in a novel context with either: (1) CSs only (CS alone), (2) CSs and unpaired USs (unpaired), or (3) USs only (US alone) presentations. Based on past literature, contextual renewal of electrodermal responses was expected to occur in the CS alone group and renewal of US expectancy in the CS alone and US alone groups. Renewal was absent in electrodermal responses across all groups, limiting interpretation. US expectancy renewal emerged in the CS alone and US alone groups but not in the unpaired group, due to an unexpected increase in US expectancy during CS- in the unpaired extinction phase. This increase, along with parallel changes in affective ratings, suggests that the unpaired group perceived both CS+ and CS- as paired with the US. Taken together, the current findings provided limited support for the effectiveness of unpaired extinction in reducing the return of fear and highlight the role of participants' subjective interpretation of events. US alone extinction showed limited effectiveness, likely due to the high number of US presentations, with some evidence of US habituation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) and the Reward Positivity (RewP) Event-Related Potentials: Comparison Between a Dry Electrode and a Gel-Based EEG System.","authors":"Kreshnik Burani, Julia Klawohn, C J Brush, A Hunter Threadgill, Greg Hajcak","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70335","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Event-related potentials (ERPs) have practical utility in clinical psychology as neural markers of individual differences that can predict changes in symptoms over time and as a function of treatment. Implementation in clinical settings, however, would benefit from eliminating conductive gel. Dry electrode EEG systems exist; however, there is little research comparing ERPs recorded from dry and gel-based electrode EEG systems. In the current study, participants completed the flanker task and the doors task in counter-balanced order to elicit the error-related negativity (ERN) and reward positivity (∆RewP), respectively. Across both tasks, the gel-based EEG system produced larger magnitude ERPs with higher signal-to-noise ratio; however, ERPs recorded from both EEG systems had good internal consistency. In addition, the ERPs from both systems showed good convergent and divergent validity, indicating that both systems are capturing similar variance in error- and reward-related brain activity. Overall, the dry electrode EEG system recorded ERPs with good data quality that may be used in individual differences research implemented in clinical settings and related environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 6","pages":"e70335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}