Mohammadamin Sinichi, Martin J Gevonden, Lydia Krabbendam
{"title":"Quality in Question: Assessing the Accuracy of Four Heart Rate Wearables and the Implications for Psychophysiological Research.","authors":"Mohammadamin Sinichi, Martin J Gevonden, Lydia Krabbendam","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are two key measures with significant relevance in psychophysiological studies, and their measurement has become more convenient due to advances in wearable technology. However, photoplethysmography (PPG)-based wearables pose critical validity concerns. In this study, we validated four PPG wearables: three consumer-grade devices (Kyto2935, Schone Rhythm 24, and HeartMath Inner Balance Bluetooth) and one research-grade device (Empatica EmbracePlus, successor to the widely-used but discontinued Empatica E4). All devices were worn simultaneously by 40 healthy participants who underwent conditions commonly used in laboratory research (seated rest, arithmetic task, recovery, slow-paced breathing, a neuropsychological task, posture manipulation by standing up) and encountered in ambulatory-like settings (slow walking and stationary biking), compared against a criterion electrocardiography device, the Vrije Universiteit Ambulatory Monitoring System (VU-AMS). We determined the signal quality, the linear strength through regression analysis, the bias through Bland-Altman analysis, and the measurement error through mean arctangent absolute percentage error for each condition against the criterion device. We found that the research-grade device did not outperform the consumer-grade devices in laboratory conditions. It also showed low agreement with the ECG in ambulatory-like conditions. In general, devices captured HR more accurately than HRV. Finally, conditions that deviated from baseline settings and involved slight to high movement, negatively impacted the agreement between PPG devices and the criterion. We conclude that PPG devices, even those advertised and designed for research purposes, may pose validity concerns for HRV measurement in conditions other than those similar to resting states.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e70004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PsychophysiologyPub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14727
Hilary H T Ngai, Janet H Hsiao, Christian C Luhmann, Aprajita Mohanty, Jingwen Jin
{"title":"How is emotional evidence from multiple sources used in perceptual decision making?","authors":"Hilary H T Ngai, Janet H Hsiao, Christian C Luhmann, Aprajita Mohanty, Jingwen Jin","doi":"10.1111/psyp.14727","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.14727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Judging the emotional nature of a scene requires us to deliberately integrate pieces of evidence with varying intensities of emotion. Our existing knowledge about emotion-related perceptual decision-making is largely based on paradigms using single stimulus and, when involving multiple stimuli, rapid decisions. Consequently, it remains unclear how we sample and integrate multiple pieces of emotional evidence deliberately to form an overall judgment. Findings from non-emotion rapid decision-making studies show humans down-sample and downweight extreme evidence. However, deliberate decision-making may rely on a different attention mode than in rapid decision-making; and extreme emotional stimuli are inherently salient. Given these critical differences, it is imperative to directly examine the deliberate decision-making process about multiple emotional stimuli. In the current study, human participants (N = 33) viewed arrays of faces with expressions ranging from extremely fearful to extremely happy freely with their eye movement tracked. They then decided whether the faces were more fearful or happier on average. In contrast to conclusions drawn from non-emotion and rapid decision-making studies, eye movement measures revealed that participants attentionally sampled extreme emotional evidence more than less extreme evidence. Computational modeling results indicated that even though participants exhibited biased attention distribution, they weighted various emotional evidence equally. These findings provide novel insights into how people sample and integrate multiple pieces of emotional evidence, contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of emotion-related decision-making, and shed light on the mechanisms of pathological affective decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"e14727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristin Kaduk, Alessandro Petrella, Sophie J Müller, Julian Koenig, Nils B Kroemer
{"title":"Non-Invasive Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Decreases Heart Rate Variability Independent of Caloric Load.","authors":"Kristin Kaduk, Alessandro Petrella, Sophie J Müller, Julian Koenig, Nils B Kroemer","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vagus nerve is crucial in regulating physiological functions, including the cardiovascular system. While heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) may provide non-invasive proxies of cardiac vagal activity, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has yielded mixed effects, with limited research on right branch stimulation. In a randomized crossover study with 36 healthy participants, we investigated taVNS effects on HR and HRV indexed by SDRR, RMSSD, HF-HRV, and LF/HF ratio. To assess the impact of the stimulation side (left vs. right ear) on cardiovascular indices and interaction with the physiological state, we recorded electrocardiograms in four sessions per person, covering three session phases: baseline, during stimulation (taVNS vs. sham), and post-milkshake consumption with stimulation. First, we found moderate evidence against taVNS affecting HR (BF<sub>10</sub> = 0.21). Second, taVNS decreased HRV (multivariate p = 0.004) independent of physiological state, with strong evidence for RMSSD (BF<sub>10</sub> = 15.11) and HF-HRV (BF<sub>10</sub> = 11.80). Third, taVNS-induced changes were comparable across sides and stronger than sham, indicating consistent cardiovascular effects independent of the stimulation side. We conclude that taVNS reduces HRV as indexed by RMSSD, HF-HRV, and SDRR without altering HR, contradicting the assumption that taVNS per se increases cardiovagal activity as indexed by increased HRV due to stimulating vagal afferents. Instead, our results support the role of vagal afferent activation in arousal. Crucially, taVNS on both sides can safely modulate the cardiovascular system without increasing the risk of bradycardia or causing adverse events in healthy participants, offering new treatment possibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e70017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11862327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping 60 Years of Psychophysiology: A Bibliometric Analysis of Journal Performance, Authorship Trends, and Thematic Evolution.","authors":"Christian Panitz, Carola Dell'Acqua","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychophysiology, the flagship journal of psychophysiological research, has played a key role in the field for 60 years. For the present study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis assessing the journal's development in terms of performance, authorship trends, and thematic content for this time span. Over the years, Psychophysiology has experienced a consistent increase in manuscript submissions, published articles, and impact factor. Authorship trends showed larger, more diverse author teams, with a growing percentage of female first authors now representing about 50% of submissions and an increase in international collaborations. Thematic content has evolved, shifting from peripheral measures to central nervous system measures like EEG and ERPs while maintaining the journal's long-standing emphasis on methodological advancements. Research topics have expanded from basic stimulus processing to more complex investigations into emotion, cognition, and psychopathology, with growing interdisciplinary integration. This article provides a quantitative overview of Psychophysiology's contributions and development, aimed at offering insights into the journal's past, current state, and potential future directions in psychophysiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e70002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PsychophysiologyPub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14733
Sonya V Troller-Renfree, Santiago Morales, George A Buzzell, Aislinn Sandre
{"title":"Heterogeneity in pediatric resting EEG data processing and analysis: A state of the field.","authors":"Sonya V Troller-Renfree, Santiago Morales, George A Buzzell, Aislinn Sandre","doi":"10.1111/psyp.14733","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.14733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental, resting electroencephalography (EEG) is gaining rapid popularity with implementation in large-scale studies as well as a recent WHO report naming resting EEG as a gold standard measure of brain health. With an increased interest in resting EEG as a potential biomarker for neurocognition, it is paramount that resting EEG findings are reliable and reproducible. One of the major threats to replicability and reproducibility stems from variations in preprocessing and analysis. One of the primary challenges facing the field of developmental EEG is that it can be challenging to acquire data from infants and children, which commonly makes data cleaning and analysis difficult and unstandardized. The goal of the present manuscript is to take a state of the field of the methods experts in resting EEG report they would use to clean and analyze a hypothetical data set. Here we report on the responses of 66 self-identified experts in developmental psychophysiology, none of which submitted identical preregistrations. As expected, there were areas of more and less consensus, but ultimately, we believe our findings highlight opportunities for core methodological work and field-level efforts to establish consensus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"e14733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Neurophysiological Indices of Working Memory Maintenance in Young Adults.","authors":"Vera Nina Looser, Markus Gerber, Sebastian Ludyga","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory is a crucial component of cognitive performance, supporting well-being, mental health, and successful personal and academic endeavors. Working memory performance and capacity peak during young adulthood, a critical period for managing increased life challenges. Emerging evidence indicates that cardiorespiratory fitness holds potential to enhance working memory performance; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and neurophysiological markers of cognitive control during a task requiring working memory maintenance. Young healthy adults (N = 112) completed a submaximal ergometer test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. Working memory maintenance was assessed using the Sternberg task under low and high cognitive loads, while event-related potentials (ERP) components (cue-P300, CNV, and probe-P300) were recorded. In addition, an immediate free recall task was administered. Path analysis revealed that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly associated with better accuracy in the Sternberg task exclusively under high cognitive load (β = 0.21, p = 0.03). In the high load condition, higher negativity of the contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude was significantly associated with higher fitness levels (β = -0.20, p = 0.03) and with better performance on the immediate free recall task (β = -0.23, p = 0.02), suggesting enhanced neurophysiological preparatory processes and dominance of proactive cognitive control strategy in fitter individuals. Cue-P300 and probe-P300 did not show significant associations with cardiorespiratory fitness nor working memory performance. These findings underscore the role of proactive cognitive control in mediating the benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e70012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal dynamics of negative emotion regulation: Insights from facial electromyography.","authors":"Sylvia D Kreibig, James J Gross","doi":"10.1111/psyp.14732","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.14732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion regulation (ER) is a multifaceted process that unfolds over time. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of ER on negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA). We examined whether NA and PA changes occur sequentially or concurrently. After participants had been exposed to unpleasant pictures for 8000 ms, they received instructions to either continue viewing the picture (no regulation) or reappraise it with a neutral meaning (neutralize goal) or positive meaning (transform goal) for another 8000 ms. We obtained corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major electromyography (EMG) as objective measures of NA and PA. For the no-regulation condition, upon instruction onset, we observed maintained high corrugator and low zygomaticus EMG reactivity, indicating sustained NA activation. Compared to no-regulation, for the neutralize goal, we observed corrugator reduction starting at 1500 ms after instruction onset and no change in zygomaticus, indicating decreased NA and generation of neutral emotion. For the transform goal, we observed corrugator reduction starting at 1000 ms and zygomaticus increase at 3500 ms after instruction onset, indicating decreased NA and increased PA and generation of positive emotion. Model-fitting analyses showed that the best-fitting trajectory for the transform goal's pattern of change was initial NA reduction that turns into PA increase at 2000 ms. These distinct temporal patterns highlight the possibility of effecting one-dimensional NA change with the neutralize goal and sequential two-dimensional change (first decreasing NA, then increasing PA) with the transform goal. This research sheds light on the time course of emotional change generated by different emotion goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e14732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PsychophysiologyPub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14714
Lianne N Wolsink, Ewout H Meijer, Fren T Y Smulders, Robin Orthey
{"title":"The concealed information test with a continuously moving stimulus.","authors":"Lianne N Wolsink, Ewout H Meijer, Fren T Y Smulders, Robin Orthey","doi":"10.1111/psyp.14714","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.14714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Concealed Information Test (CIT) aims to extract concealed crime-related knowledge using physiological measures. In the present study, we propose a new variant of the CIT that contains a continuously moving stimulus. A total of 81 participants were either informed or not about the specific location of an upcoming terrorist attack. The CIT consisted of a map with a superimposed moving dot, combined with measurements of respiration and electrodermal activity. The results revealed both respiratory suppression and an increase in skin conductance when the moving dot passed the target location only in informed participants. These findings showed that this new variant of the CIT can differentiate between groups of informed and uninformed individuals and an exploratory analysis revealed it can help narrow down a search area.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"e14714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pupillary Responses Reflect Image Memorability.","authors":"Ryosuke Niimi","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined whether pupil size varies as a function of the memorability of natural scene images. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to memorize, recognize, and passively view high- and low-memorability images from an established dataset. The baseline-corrected pupil sizes were larger for high-memorability images, but only during old trials in the recognition phase. However, after implementing stricter controls for image luminance and arousal, pupil dilation for high-memorability images was observed across all phases: memorization, recognition, and passive viewing (Experiments 2 and 3). The effect of image memorability was further validated through item-based analysis. Both the pupil old/new effect and the subsequent memory effect were replicated, and these effects are probably separable from the effect of image memorability. The results of this study suggest that pupil size is sensitive to image memorability regardless of the behavioral task, supporting the view that image memorability is an intrinsic, higher-order property of the image.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e70007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alisha M Bruton, Laura Levy, Navdeep Kaur Rai, Dana Dharmakaya Colgan, Jeanette M Johnstone
{"title":"Diminished Interoceptive Accuracy in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alisha M Bruton, Laura Levy, Navdeep Kaur Rai, Dana Dharmakaya Colgan, Jeanette M Johnstone","doi":"10.1111/psyp.14750","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.14750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interoception is the perception of one's internal physiological state. Altered interoception may play a role in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We reviewed the literature on interoception and ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, executive function, emotional dysregulation) in individuals with and without the disorder. Studies included assessments of interoception and ADHD symptoms in (1) individuals with/without diagnoses of ADHD or (2) the general population. Interoception assessments included objective measures (heartbeat-tracking test) and self-report questionnaires. The literature search included the PubMed/MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Scopus databases. A protocol was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD #42022351726); the PRISMA guidelines directed reporting. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was adapted to evaluate study quality. Of 636 articles identified, 17 articles (based on 18 studies) met inclusion criteria. Five studies compared interoception in participants with/without ADHD, and three found that interoception was reduced in participants with ADHD. One study compared interoception between presentations of ADHD, finding no differences. Twelve studies assessed the association of ADHD symptoms and interoception in the general population. Overall, results suggested that interoception is reduced in individuals who reported higher symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, and executive dysfunction. Studies were of moderate quality; issues included small sample sizes and inadequate reporting. Individuals with ADHD may have decreased interoception compared to individuals without. Interoception is negatively associated with ADHD symptoms in the general population. Interventions focused on improving interoceptive abilities may provide an avenue for ADHD treatment. Future work should consider the role of culture in interoception.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e14750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}