{"title":"Negative Life Events as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Optimism and Cardiovascular Reactivity.","authors":"César Parra-Gaete, Carlos Hermosa-Bosano","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blunted cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) is associated with adverse health outcomes such as depression, obesity, and increased carotid intima-media thickness. Research indicates that significant negative life events (NLE) contribute to reduced CVR and related health issues, with individual perceptions and coping mechanisms playing a crucial role. Optimism, which is linked to fewer reported NLEs and better cardiovascular health, may improve coping processes, thereby reducing NLE's impact on CVR. This study investigated how NLEs mediate the relationship between optimism and CVR. The sample consisted of 199 adults recruited from universities in Ecuador. Participants completed psychological assessments prior to a controlled 45-min experimental session, which included baseline cardiac activity measurements followed by the PASAT task. The findings indicated that the number of NLEs mediates the relationship between optimism and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity, while optimism also exerts a direct effect on CVR beyond this mediation. Specifically, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the number of NLEs and DBP reactivity, alongside a positive relationship between optimism and DBP reactivity. Additionally, pessimism was associated with reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity, though neither pessimism nor NLEs showed any effect on heart rate. These results highlight the protective role of optimism in modulating stress-related impacts on CVR and align with previous research suggesting that low CVR might be a result of maladaptive stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno de Matos Mansur, Viviana Villafane Barraza, Angela Voegtle, Christoph Reichert, Slawomir J Nasuto, Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
{"title":"Alpha-Oscillatory Current Application Impacts Prospective Remembering Through Strategic Monitoring.","authors":"Bruno de Matos Mansur, Viviana Villafane Barraza, Angela Voegtle, Christoph Reichert, Slawomir J Nasuto, Catherine M Sweeney-Reed","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to execute future intentions. PM requires engagement of attentional networks, in which oscillatory activity in the alpha frequency range has been implicated. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior parietal cortex are assumed to be engaged during PM tasks. We hypothesized that the selective application of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at alpha frequency to these areas can modulate PM-associated event-related potentials. Participants were assigned to alpha-tACS, theta-tACS, or Sham stimulation. They performed a working memory task (OGT), with a PM component, pre-, during, and post-stimulation. EEG was recorded post-stimulation. Accuracy and reaction times (RTs) were computed. Following EEG source reconstruction of mean amplitude, source activity was contrasted between conditions in which performance was modulated by tACS using cluster-based permutation tests. RTs were slower on introducing the PM task, consistent with strategic monitoring. PM accuracy improved in the alpha-tACS group only. During PM trials, source activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was lower following alpha-tACS than after Sham stimulation. Source activity in the DLPFC following alpha-tACS was lower during PM than in OGT trials following alpha-tACS. Performance modulation through alpha-tACS, and the lower DLPFC activity in PM than in OGT trials provide evidence of a role for alpha oscillations during strategic monitoring for a PM cue. Lower PCC activity in the alpha-tACS than Sham group is consistent with facilitation of disengagement of the default mode network, supporting re-direction of attention from the OGT to the PM task and task-switching.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosie Donaghy, Matteo Lisi, Jeanne Shinskey, Jennifer Murphy
{"title":"Measuring Cardiac Interoceptive Accuracy in Infancy: Lessons From the Adult Literature.","authors":"Rosie Donaghy, Matteo Lisi, Jeanne Shinskey, Jennifer Murphy","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Models of interoception, the processing of internal bodily signals, highlight infancy as a key period for interoceptive learning. Given the potential importance of this developmental period, there has been increasing focus on the measurement of cardiac interoceptive accuracy in infancy. In this paper, we argue that despite progress in this area, the current methods for assessing cardiac interoceptive accuracy in infancy suffer from many of the same limitations as tasks of cardiac interoceptive accuracy employed in adult samples. To progress work in this area, this paper critically reviews methods of cardiac interoceptive accuracy employed in adults and infants and provides several recommendations for optimizing the measurement of cardiac interoceptive accuracy in infants. These include, but are not limited to, methodological choices regarding the presentation of stimuli, the use of control tasks, the analysis strategy employed, and the importance of considering state effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damian Koevoet, Marnix Naber, Christoph Strauch, Stefan Van der Stigchel
{"title":"Presaccadic Attention Shifts Up- and Downwards: Evidence From the Pupil Light Response.","authors":"Damian Koevoet, Marnix Naber, Christoph Strauch, Stefan Van der Stigchel","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vision is introspectively stable, yet every eye movement moves the image of the world on the retina. The dominant view states that attention must precede saccades to prepare the brain for the postsaccadic retinal input, which ensures a stable visual experience. A recent surge of studies investigated visual asymmetries around the visual field, including asymmetries in presaccadic attention. Such studies demonstrated benefits of presaccadic attention on task performance for horizontal and downward saccades, but strikingly no such benefit was observed for upward saccades. An absence of upward presaccadic shifts would contrast the dominant view and indicate that presaccadic attention may not be necessary to ensure perceptual continuity. Here, we capitalized on the fact that the pupil light response robustly tracks spatial attention to investigate whether presaccadic attention shifts up- and downwards. We manipulated whether the landing brightness of the ensuing saccade could be prepared for prior to the saccade. Specifically, we either presented brightness patches throughout the trial or only presented these upon saccade onset. In two experiments, we observed earlier pupil light responses for both up- and downward saccades when the landing brightness could be prepared for presaccadically. This shows that presaccadic attention shifted prior to up- and downward saccades and agrees with presaccadic attention being instrumental in realizing a stable visual experience. Reconciling previously contradictory findings, presaccadic attention can be shifted without necessarily yielding perceptual benefits for all facets of visual processing at the attended location. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate presaccadic attention to shift along the vertical meridian.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Daniel Carrasco, Aaron Matthew Simmons, John E Kiat, Steven J Luck
{"title":"Enhanced Working Memory Representations for Rare Events.","authors":"Carlos Daniel Carrasco, Aaron Matthew Simmons, John E Kiat, Steven J Luck","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rare events (oddballs) produce a variety of enhanced physiological responses relative to frequent events (standards), including the P3b component of the event-related potential (ERP) waveform. Previous research has suggested that the P3b is related to working memory, which implies that working memory representations will be enhanced for rare stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we devised a modified oddball paradigm where a target disk was presented at one of 16 different locations, which were divided into rare and frequent sets. Participants made a binary response on each trial to report whether the target appeared in the rare set or the frequent set. As expected, the P3b was much larger for stimuli appearing at a location within the rare set. We also included occasional probe trials in which the subject reported the exact location of the target. Accuracy was higher for rare than frequent locations. In addition, memory reports on rare trials were more accurate in participants with larger P3b amplitudes on rare trials (although reports were not more accurate for trials with larger P3b amplitudes within participants). We also applied multivariate pattern analysis to the ERP data to \"decode\" the remembered location of the target. Decoding accuracy was greater for locations within the rare set than for locations within the frequent set. We then replicated and extended our behavioral findings in a follow-up experiment. These behavioral and electrophysiological results demonstrate that although both frequent and rare events are stored in working memory, working memory performance is enhanced for rare oddball events.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobias Hausinger, Patrick Reisinger, Nathan Weisz, Andrea Hansen, Ti-Anni Harris, Belinda Pletzer
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Decoding of the Navon Task Challenges Rigid Hemispheric Asymmetries in Global-Local Processing.","authors":"Tobias Hausinger, Patrick Reisinger, Nathan Weisz, Andrea Hansen, Ti-Anni Harris, Belinda Pletzer","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional hemispheric asymmetries are considered a key factor in intra- and interindividual variability of global precedence effects. However, research in this area is permeated by a considerable number of inconsistent findings which may stem from significant methodological limitations. In pursuit of a more detailed model of global-local processing by combining both high temporal and spatial resolution, we employed Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) on Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from 63 participants performing a divided visual field, divided attention Navon paradigm. The resulting decoding accuracies between various hierarchical letter forms and target levels were used to pinpoint potentially involved spatial networks and temporal processing sequences. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) revealed temporal precedence of global over local letter form decoding accuracy peaks. Furthermore, searchlight analysis provided a nuanced spatial mapping that not only validated previously established core regions (lingual gyrus for local processing; inferior occipital gyrus for global processing) but also identified potential regions implicated in global-local integration. Yet, we observed substantial variation in lateralization patterns across our study sample, challenging the conventional assumption of right-hemispheric dominance for global and left-hemispheric dominance for local processing in the context of MVPA. Overall, our findings validate and broaden the scope of prior research by providing, for the first time, accurate temporal and spatial data on global-local processing from a single measurement. Moreover, we introduce interindividual variability in lateralization patterns as a potential factor contributing to past inconsistencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction of Alpha Power Using Multiple Subjective Measures and Autonomic Responses.","authors":"Yuting Xu, Ayumu Yamashita, Kyuto Uno, Tomoya Kawashima, Kaoru Amano","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alpha oscillations are associated with various cognitive functions. However, the determinants of alpha power variation remain ambiguous, primarily due to its inconsistent associations with autonomic responses and subjective states under different experimental conditions. To thoroughly examine the correlations between alpha power variation and these factors, we implemented a range of experimental conditions, encompassing attentional and emotional tasks, as well as a resting-state. In addition to the electroencephalogram data, we gathered a suite of autonomic response measurements and subjective ratings. We employed multiple linear regression analysis, utilizing autonomic responses and subjective reports as predictors of alpha power. We also subtracted the aperiodic components for better estimation of the power of periodic alpha oscillations. Our results from two separately conducted experiments robustly demonstrated that the combined use of autonomic response measurements and subjective ratings effectively predicted the parietal-occipital periodic alpha power variation across a range of conditions. These predictions were supported by leave-one-participant-out cross-validation and cross-experiment validation, confirming that multiple linear relationships can be generalized to new participants. This study demonstrates the links of alpha power variations with autonomic responses and subjective states, suggesting that during investigations of the cognitive functions of alpha oscillations, it is important to consider the potential influences of autonomic responses and subjective states on alpha oscillations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Sambuco, Elise M Stevens, Francesco Versace
{"title":"Beneath the Surface of Self-Reports: Dissecting Subjective and Neural Responses to Age-Specific Visual Stimuli.","authors":"Nicola Sambuco, Elise M Stevens, Francesco Versace","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examined how adolescents respond to emotionally arousing images that are considered age-appropriate, such as sports, food, and threatening animals. Prior research in adults has shown a mismatch between subjective arousal ratings and the late positive potential (LPP) for pleasant images, and we aimed to test whether this discrepancy is also present in adolescents. The results showed a larger LPP in response to unpleasant, compared to pleasant, contents. However, comparisons across the different emotional contents showed that the concordance between subjective and neural engagement varies depending on the emotional contents of the scenes. Specifically, images of threatening animals were rated high in emotional arousal and prompted the largest LPP in adolescents, while images of sad people and images of mundane activities were rated lower in emotional arousal and prompted the smallest LPP responses. However, adolescents showed significant divergence in their responses to pleasant images depicting food and sport: despite being rated high in emotional arousal, these images elicited relatively small LPPs. These results highlight the challenges of selecting emotional pictures to assess neuroaffective responses to pleasant and unpleasant pictures in adolescents. To overcome these challenges, future studies may adopt experimental paradigms that will allow researchers to measure neuroaffective responses not just in free-viewing contexts but also during anticipation and reception of actual rewards (and punishments).</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas J Santopetro, Nader Amir, Brady D Nelson, Daniel N Klein, Greg Hajcak
{"title":"Attenuated Doors-Locked P300 Amplitude and Elevated Depressive Symptoms: Effects of Age and Sex in Two Independent Samples of Youth.","authors":"Nicholas J Santopetro, Nader Amir, Brady D Nelson, Daniel N Klein, Greg Hajcak","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deficits in cognitive and reward-related functions, measured via reductions in the P300 and reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential (ERP) components, are commonly observed in adults suffering with depression. Considering higher risk for depression emerges among females in adolescence, examination of the neurological underpinnings of depression during this critical developmental period can help further elucidate our overall understanding of the etiology of depressive disorders. Therefore, the present study sought to first examine associations between doors-locked P300 amplitude, RewP amplitude, current depression symptoms, and age in an all-female youth sample (sample 1: n = 296; age, 8 to 14). Next, we examined these same associations, as well as sex, in a second independent sample consisting of male and female youths (sample 2: n = 605; age, 11 to 14). Blunted doors-locked P300 was associated with higher depressive symptoms in both samples. Moreover, the association between P300 and depression was stronger among older youths in both samples. Sex further moderated this relationship in sample 2 such that smaller P300 related to greater depression only in females. There were no consistent associations between RewP amplitude and depressive symptoms in either youth sample. These findings suggest that the doors-locked P300 component is a reliable neural correlate of depression in youth that might specifically relate to pathways linked to increased risk for depression among adolescent females.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e70009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammadamin Sinichi, Martin J Gevonden, Lydia Krabbendam
{"title":"Quality in Question: Assessing the Accuracy of Four Heart Rate Wearables and the Implications for Psychophysiological Research.","authors":"Mohammadamin Sinichi, Martin J Gevonden, Lydia Krabbendam","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are two key measures with significant relevance in psychophysiological studies, and their measurement has become more convenient due to advances in wearable technology. However, photoplethysmography (PPG)-based wearables pose critical validity concerns. In this study, we validated four PPG wearables: three consumer-grade devices (Kyto2935, Schone Rhythm 24, and HeartMath Inner Balance Bluetooth) and one research-grade device (Empatica EmbracePlus, successor to the widely-used but discontinued Empatica E4). All devices were worn simultaneously by 40 healthy participants who underwent conditions commonly used in laboratory research (seated rest, arithmetic task, recovery, slow-paced breathing, a neuropsychological task, posture manipulation by standing up) and encountered in ambulatory-like settings (slow walking and stationary biking), compared against a criterion electrocardiography device, the Vrije Universiteit Ambulatory Monitoring System (VU-AMS). We determined the signal quality, the linear strength through regression analysis, the bias through Bland-Altman analysis, and the measurement error through mean arctangent absolute percentage error for each condition against the criterion device. We found that the research-grade device did not outperform the consumer-grade devices in laboratory conditions. It also showed low agreement with the ECG in ambulatory-like conditions. In general, devices captured HR more accurately than HRV. Finally, conditions that deviated from baseline settings and involved slight to high movement, negatively impacted the agreement between PPG devices and the criterion. We conclude that PPG devices, even those advertised and designed for research purposes, may pose validity concerns for HRV measurement in conditions other than those similar to resting states.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 2","pages":"e70004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}