Psychophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Frontal Band Power and Pupil Diameter Predict Performance During Motor Imagery Neurofeedback.","authors":"Agustina Fragueiro, René-Paul Debroize, Claire Cury","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurofeedback (NF) offers potential for cognitive enhancement and brain rehabilitation, yet a substantial proportion of individuals fail to acquire self-regulation of brain activity. Task engagement, strongly linked to attentional focus and arousal, is a critical determinant of NF success. Frontal theta and alpha band oscillations, as well as pupil diameter and skin conductance responses are known to reflect attentional control, cognitive workload and arousal, all of which influence task performance. The present study investigates the relationship between frontal theta and alpha power, pupil diameter and skin conductance with performance during motor imagery NF training. By examining these multimodal physiological markers, we aimed at identifying reliable indicators of cognitive engagement and predictors of NF performance. Our findings indicate that fluctuations in NF performance are systematically associated with distinct psychophysiological changes within individuals, but also globally at a group level. Frontal theta synchronization, alpha desynchronization and pupil diameter were strongly related to NF performance. Notably, alpha desynchronization and pupil diameter emerged as significant predictors of the individual performance level, with stronger frontal alpha desynchronization and increased pupil diameter predicting higher performance. Our results suggest the potential of theta synchronization, alpha desynchronization and pupil diameter as dynamic markers of engagement and performance during NF sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectator to a Meeting of Minds: Vicarious Eye Contact Elicits Psychophysiological Responses in the Observer.","authors":"Samuli Linnunsalo, Jari K Hietanen","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70386","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has shown that dyadic eye contact elicits psychophysiological responses related to affect and attention. In daily life, we also frequently notice eye contact occurring between other people, even when we are not directly involved. This study investigated whether such vicarious eye contact elicits affect- and attention-related psychophysiological responses in observers. In two experiments, we measured participants' skin conductance (affective arousal), facial muscle activity (affective valence/affiliation), and heart rate deceleration (attention orienting) responses while they viewed gaze interactions between two agents. In Experiment 1, participants observed eye contact between two humans, whereas in Experiment 2, participants saw a human and a humanoid robot NAO. We found novel evidence for a vicarious eye contact effect: viewing eye contact between two humans elicited greater affective arousal in observers compared to non-eye contact conditions. Somewhat surprisingly, facial muscle responses indicated increased zygomaticus activity and decreased corrugator activity during vicarious eye contact relative to non-eye contact conditions when participants viewed eye contact between a human and a humanoid robot, but not when viewing eye contact between two humans. In both experiments, vicarious eye contact failed to elicit a greater heart rate deceleration response, suggesting that it lacks the attention-capturing characteristics of dyadic eye contact. We discuss these findings in the context of mind attribution in gaze interactions and argue that using artificial agents as social stimuli can offer valuable insights into the role of mind attribution in social cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Task Demand on EEG Responses to Irrelevant Sound and Speech in Simulated Surgical Environments.","authors":"Marc Rosenkranz, Verena N Uslar, Dirk Weyhe, Martin G Bleichner","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70360","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex soundscapes in high-stakes environments, such as the operating room (OR), are characterized by a variety of overlapping auditory stimuli and present significant challenges for personnel, particularly during periods of high demand. This study investigates how task demand and an OR soundscape including irrelevant speech influence perceived workload, surgical performance, and auditory processing in a simulated surgical environment, using mobile electroencephalography (EEG). Participants performed two simulated surgical tasks, namely peg transfer and suturing, representing a low-demand and high-demand task, respectively. The tasks were performed under two sound conditions: an OR soundscape was presented with irrelevant speech or alone. Neural responses to transient and continuous auditory stimuli were analyzed using event-related potentials (ERPs) and temporal response functions (TRFs), respectively. Results showed that irrelevant speech increased self-reported workload, whereas task performance remained unaffected. EEG analyses revealed reduced neural tracking of the speech envelope under high task demand. This can be interpreted as a reduced processing of subjectively distracting sound that is not necessary for task completion and may point to a successful suppression of irrelevant speech. Notably, an inverse relationship was observed between neural responses to speech and self-reported workload, indicating that the speech responses may serve as a marker for perceived workload. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of EEG to assess irrelevant sound processing in realistic work-like settings and highlights the critical role of task demand in modulating neural responses and self-reported workload to soundscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 7","pages":"e70360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13370042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's in a Mean? Comparing Interbeat Interval Averaging Methods Across Variability Levels and Window Lengths.","authors":"Rachael Romano, Katherine R Thorson","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measures indexing the timing of the cardiac cycle, including interbeat intervals (IBIs; also known as heart periods), are some of the most widely used in psychophysiology, and recent guidelines emphasize transparent reporting of how these metrics are calculated. Although duration-weighted averages-in which each IBI is weighted by its duration within a time interval-have long been recommended for mapping IBIs onto real-time units, some software programs compute unweighted averages by default, and few published studies report which method was used. This raises an important question: how consequential are disagreements between these two approaches? To address this, we simulated 5 min of continuous IBI data for 10,000 participants under different levels of within-person variability in consecutive IBIs (with the maximum change ranging from 1% to 25%). We then aggregated the data within nonoverlapping windows of varying lengths (between 250 and 300,000 ms) and compared duration-weighted and unweighted IBI means. Greater within-person variability and longer window lengths were each associated with larger average discrepancies between the two methods. Analyses of real, resting IBI data from over 500 healthy adults showed consistent patterns. Longer windows were associated with increased average disagreement, and the magnitude of disagreement was comparable to that observed in the simulation under similarly low levels of within-person variability. Under typical resting conditions-that is, when within-person variability in consecutive IBIs was low-average disagreement was minimal. However, at high levels of within-person variability and at longer windows, average disagreements exceeded 5%. Even at lower variability levels, the upper tail (mean + 1 SD) of the method disagreement distributions sometimes exceeded 5%. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of this methodological choice for reducing measurement error and for improving the interpretability of cardiac timing metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 7","pages":"e70347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserving Harmonic Structure in FPVS-Oddball: A Two-Dimensional Cluster-Based Permutation Approach.","authors":"Oliver Hermann, Wendy Wong Hiu Ching, George Stothart","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70361","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fast periodic visual stimulation oddball paradigm (FPVS-oddball), which combines multi-input frequency tagging with an oddball design, is a powerful electroencephalography (EEG) technique for probing cognitive function. Traditionally, FPVS-oddball analysis collapses steady-state responses across harmonics into composite measures, which improves response detection but discards valuable information about the harmonic composition of responses. Here, we apply a two-dimensional (sensor × harmonic) permutation test, incorporating a novel free harmonic clustering procedure that allows clustering across sensors and harmonics, thereby preserving harmonic-related information. Using datasets on object recognition (real vs. pseudo-objects) and line orientation discrimination, we show that the two-dimensional approach detects condition-specific differences in the spatial and harmonic distribution of responses that are missed by a one-dimensional (sensor-only) test of composite responses. For object recognition, real objects elicited stronger left- and right-lateralised oddball responses at higher harmonics, consistent with additional semantic processing. For orientation discrimination, large versus small deviations elicited distinct harmonic-specific activation patterns, reflecting qualitatively different processing. These results demonstrate that two-dimensional cluster-based permutation testing provides sensitivity to the spatial and harmonic distribution of FPVS-oddball responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 7","pages":"e70361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Modulation of Retroactive Emotional Learning on Concrete and Abstract Word Processing.","authors":"Ailifeire Aili, Jingjing Guo","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70363","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study employed a sensory preconditioning paradigm combined with behavioral measures and event-related potential (ERP) techniques to investigate whether emotional information could retroactively modulate the processing of previously encoded neutral concrete and abstract words. Behavioral results indicated that word memory performance was retroactively modulated by subsequent emotional conditioning: when the objects paired with abstract words were associated with aversive (vs. neutral) sounds subsequently, recognition accuracy was significantly higher and reaction times faster; for concrete words, however, no significant differences in accuracy or reaction time emerged between the two sound conditions. Additionally, liking ratings for both word types decreased overall. ERP results elicited by the words revealed that, in early attentional stages, abstract words whose paired objects were associated with aversive sounds evoked larger P200 amplitudes than those in the neutral condition. During memory retrieval, abstract words indirectly linked to aversive sounds (compared to the neutral condition) elicited smaller N400 and larger late positive component (LPC) amplitudes, reflecting enhanced early attentional capture, increased familiarity, and optimized recollection. In contrast, concrete words whose paired objects were associated with aversive sounds (compared to the neutral condition) elicited a larger right-lateralized early posterior negativity (EPN), suggesting rapid activation of early emotional processing, but showed no significant changes in mid-to-late memory-related components. These findings indicate that retroactive emotional learning selectively enhances memory for abstract words, supporting the representational substitution hypothesis and behavioral tagging theory, whereas its influence on concrete words is primarily manifested in early emotional modulation, consistent with partial expectations of the multimodal induction hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 7","pages":"e70363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Free and Model-Based Learning in Human Fear Conditioning.","authors":"L E Stemerding, A M V Gerlicher, F L Reinhold, M Kindt","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70349","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Learning to predict threat and to adapt behavior accordingly is critical to human survival. This type of learning is governed by distinct systems in the brain. Model-free learning is reflexive and computationally efficient, allowing for rapid responses based on past experience, but is also resistant to environmental change. In contrast, model-based learning is more flexible and relies on an internal model of the environment that can be updated without direct experience. To enhance the translational value of human fear-conditioning research and facilitate the interpretation of fear-reduction interventions, we examined whether commonly used measures of conditioned responding reflect model-free and/or model-based learning. Based on prior observations and the defensive-reflex nature of the fear-potentiated startle (FPS), we hypothesized that FPS responses would reflect model-free learning, whereas skin conductance responses (SCRs) would reflect model-based learning. To test this hypothesis, we decoupled the experienced US value (i.e., model-free) from the expected value (i.e., model-based) by US devaluation/revaluation manipulations delivered via instructions (Exp1), physical disconnection of the US electrode (Exp2), or their combination (Exp3). By design, instantaneous changes in conditioned responding, prior to any new learning by experience, must indicate model-based updating rather than model-free cached value. Across three fear-conditioning experiments (total n = 131), we found that SCRs most likely reflected model-based learning, whereas FPS responses reflected aspects of both model-free and model-based learning. These results show that common indices of conditioned fear are not simply interchangeable: they tap distinct learning systems, and treating them as equivalent risks missing the more affective, experience-driven components of fear-thereby limiting translation to clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 7","pages":"e70349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open Communication Can Lead to Equivalent EEG Data Quality for Black Women: Multilevel Modeling Interindividual Differences on Emotional Scene and Face Perception.","authors":"Andrew H Farkas, Han Jia, Sarah M Gardy, Matthew C Gehr, Dean Sabatinelli","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70343","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black participants are often excluded from electroencephalography (EEG) studies due to perceived difficulty in achieving acceptable electrode impedance for participants with tightly curled hair. This has led to unrepresentative samples and poor external validity in EEG research. Here we apply and validate contemporary recruitment and preparation recommendations to replicate emotional perception effects in a diverse sample and investigate an inconsistent finding in the ingroup/outgroup face processing literature. This was achieved via Bayesian multilevel modeling to assess signal-quality at the level of individual participants. Here three groups, including Black women, White women, and a group excluding Black and White women viewed emotionally arousing and neutral naturalistic scenes, as well as matched portraits of Black and White male faces. The modulation of onset-evoked ERPs including the P100, N170, early posterior negativity (EPN), and late parietal positivity (LPP) was analyzed to understand interindividual differences in categorical effects. With minor adjustments to recruitment and electrode cap placement procedures, no data from Black participants were excluded, and EEG artifacts and signal-quality were equivalent or better for all participants relative to those in the other groups. The ERP results showed strong consistency across the sample groups, replicating patterns of EPN and LPP modulation across 6 scene categories. Relative to White faces, portraits of Black faces evoked larger amplitudes in the N170, EPN, and LPP across all participant groups. The N170 was modestly predicted by rated arousal of the face portraits and self-reported quantity of outgroup social contact, but these moderators did not explain the large amplitude differences. Interpretations are considered, including the possibility that portrait lighting may be less suitable for Black faces, thus increasing a demand for configural processing associated with N170 amplitude. More speculatively, cultural stigmatization effects in the United States may also contribute to experienced arousal and ERP modulation across all groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 7","pages":"e70343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Absent P3a. Performance Monitoring ERPs Differentiate Trust in Humans and Autonomous Systems.","authors":"Daniel A Rogers, Kirsty J Brooks, Anthony Finn, Matthias Schlesewsky, Markus Ullsperger, Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70354","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address suggestions that human brain responses to autonomous system errors may be used as brain-based measures of trust in automation, the present study asked participants to monitor the performance of either a virtual human or an autonomous system partner performing a novel, complex, real-world image classification task. We predicted visual feedback of partner errors would elicit the feedback-related negativity and P3 ERP components, and that these components would differ between the human and system groups. Behavioral results showed that while participants calibrated their trust in their partner according to our intended manipulation of error rates, no group differences were found. The ERP data, however, revealed FRN and P3 effects for both groups, modulated by accuracy and error rate. An unexpected finding was that the P3 topography differed between groups, with both a frontal P3a and posterior P3b component seen for the human condition, while for the system condition only the posterior P3b was observed and the P3a was completely absent. We suggest that this selective absence of the P3a may reflect reduced frontal attention during system monitoring in passive task conditions potentially resulting from reduced social and emotional processing for the system partner. This study demonstrates the potential for EEG-based measures of trust in automation to surpass the sensitivity of traditional measures of trust while additionally uncovering a potential neural signature of automation complacency in the absent P3a. This identifies potential boundary conditions under which the application of human correlates of performance monitoring may not apply to the monitoring of an automated system.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 7","pages":"e70354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13353041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148423674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Coherence Under Hypoxia and Aging: A Registered Report on Subjective-Physiological Coupling.","authors":"Pierrick Laulan, Grégoire Millet, Ulrike Rimmele","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70348","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional episodes involve partially coordinated changes in experience and autonomic activity, and subjective-physiological coherence appears to vary with aging and physiological stress. Physiological accounts of emotional aging propose that age-related changes in autonomic and interoceptive function reduce the informativeness of bodily signals, weakening the coupling between feelings and bodily responses. We test whether subjective-physiological coherence is lower in older vs. younger normoxic adults, lower in hypoxic vs. normoxic younger adults, and similar in hypoxic younger adults and older normoxic adults; in secondary mechanism-oriented analyses, we examine whether heart-rate variability and cardiac interoceptive accuracy are statistically related to group differences in coherence. We will test these questions in three groups (N = 120): younger adults in normoxia, younger adults under acute hypoxia (FiO₂ ≈ 12%), and older adults in normoxia. Participants will view emotional images and provide trial-wise ratings of affect and approach motivation while heart rate and skin conductance are recorded. Emotional coherence will be indexed primarily by within-person correlations between subjective arousal ratings and autonomic reactivity, with approach motivation and valence examined as complementary subjective dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 7","pages":"e70348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}