{"title":"A Negative Reputation Reduces Trust Despite Trustworthy Behavior.","authors":"Kilian Stenzel, Martin Weiß, Grit Hein","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpersonal trust decisions are guided by reputation. However, it remains unclear how positive and negative prior reputations that are inconsistent with a partner's behavior are integrated at the behavioral and neural levels and how this informs daily trust decisions. In this two-part study, 54 subjects first played an iterated 20-trial Trust Game with four anonymous partners introduced as \"cooperative\" or \"individualistic\" while EEG was recorded. The partners' behavior then either confirmed or contradicted this prior reputation. Subsequently, the subjects completed a three-day ecological assessment measuring trust in daily interactions. According to the results, negative prior reputations were associated with fewer trust decisions, even after being contradicted by cooperative behavior. The frequency of trust decisions remained high if positive prior reputations were confirmed and decreased if they were contradicted. Trial-by-trial analyses showed that negative priors were still related to a lower trust choice probability, even if they were contradicted in the previous trial, paralleled by a decrease in fronto-lateral theta. Mean trust levels across laboratory conditions were descriptively associated with mean trust levels in daily interactions. In sum, these findings indicate that a person with a negative prior reputation is less trusted, even if this person behaves in a positive way.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of a Single Session 400 Hz Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation on Corticospinal and Corticocortical Excitability and Hand Dexterity: A Double-Blind RCT.","authors":"Shapour Jaberzadeh, Mona Malekahmad, Renming Liu, Maryam Zoghi","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of 400 Hz anodal and cathodal transcranial pulsed current stimulation of the primary motor cortex (400 Hz a-tPCS<sub>M1</sub>, 400 Hz c-tPCS<sub>M1</sub>) on corticospinal excitability (CSE) and corticocortical excitability (CCE) and hand dexterity remain underexplored. This study examined the effects of a single session of 400 Hz a-tPCS<sub>M1</sub>, 400 Hz c-tPCS<sub>M1</sub>, and sham stimulation on CSE, CCE, and hand dexterity, providing insights for potential clinical applications in motor deficits. In this double-blinded, randomized, counterbalanced crossover trial, 26 healthy young adults completed three experimental sessions: 400 Hz a-tPCS<sub>M1</sub>, 400 Hz c-tPCS<sub>M1</sub>, and sham stimulation, spaced 48 h apart. Transcranial magnetic stimulation assessed CSE and CCE, while the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) evaluated hand dexterity. The results showed polarity-specific effects. A single session of 400 Hz a-tPCS<sub>M1</sub> significantly increased CSE and improved hand dexterity, evidenced by faster PPT completion times (p < 0.05). Conversely, 400 Hz c-tPCS<sub>M1</sub> reduced CSE but did not influence PPT performance (p > 0.05). Sham stimulation showed no significant changes. These findings suggest that 400 Hz a-tPCS<sub>M1</sub> enhances motor excitability and dexterity, while 400 Hz c-tPCS<sub>M1</sub> selectively reduces CSE. This study lays a foundation for exploring high-frequency tPCS in clinical motor rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12284344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nóra Csikós, Bela Petro, Zsófia Anna Gaál, István Czigler
{"title":"Shaping the Visual Mismatch Response: The Influence of Exogenous Components and Stimulus Placement.","authors":"Nóra Csikós, Bela Petro, Zsófia Anna Gaál, István Czigler","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the relationship between the pattern-specific event-related potential (ERP) components (C1, C2, C3) and the component specific to automatic change detection in the visual modality (visual mismatch response, vMMR) and the influence of stimulus placement on the latter. These insights would help to understand whether the emergence of vMMR is due to the modulation of exogenous activity or a specific deviant-related activity and advance the methodology of investigating vMMR. In two experiments, we presented checkerboard patterns in passive oddball sequences consisting of frequent (standard) and rare (deviant) events to examine vMMR as a function of the stimulated half-fields. In Experiment 1, the lower and upper half-field stimuli were presented within the same sequences, whereas in Experiment 2, they were presented in different sequences, completed with whole-field stimulation. As expected, we observed polarity reversal of the C1 and C2 components as a function of the stimulated half-field. Deviant stimuli elicited negative vMMR during lower and whole-field stimulation, but upper half-field stimulation evoked no significant vMMR. At lower half-field stimulation, the C2 component was larger to deviant stimuli, indicating the contribution of exogenous components to the deviant-standard difference. The sLORETA calculations showed that similar sources, including the primary visual cortex and other visual areas, were active during all exogenous and deviant-related components. Altogether, these results demonstrate the relationship between the pattern-specific and vMMR components and the more dominant influence of lower half-field stimulation in the recorded brain activity during automatic change detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artyom Zinchenko, Nuno Busch, Gordon Dodwell, Thomas Geyer
{"title":"Withstand Context: Standing Posture Improves Contextual Cueing in Challenging Visual Search.","authors":"Artyom Zinchenko, Nuno Busch, Gordon Dodwell, Thomas Geyer","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans can learn to use repeated spatial arrangements of irrelevant, non-target items to direct the focus of attention towards behaviorally relevant-target-items, a phenomenon known as contextual cueing (CC). However, whether CC is itself dependent on attentional resources is a controversial issue. Here, we used visual search to test how CC is affected when attention varies through two types of manipulations: perceptual load (as induced by target-distractor similarity) and postural load (sitting vs. standing). For easy searches (low target-distractor similarity), we observed reliable facilitation of search in repeated-context displays, which was independent of participants' body posture. For difficult searches (high target-distractor similarity), contextual facilitation was evident only with standing posture. Posture-related benefits remained significant even after controlling for heart rate variability (HRV), body mass index, and physical activity. Decomposing aggregated reaction times by drift-diffusion modeling revealed that CC in difficult searches decreased the amount of evidence required for target-response decisions. Our results suggest that statistical learning is effectively supplemented during standing posture when visual search is challenging, possibly because posture manipulation and contextual manipulation affect common response-selection stages of processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12272028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early and Late Mechanisms of Object-Based Attention: Dissociation Between Faces and Non-Face Objects.","authors":"Tong Xie, Shimin Fu","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The object-based attention (OBA) effect has been consistently observed across various objects using the double-rectangle paradigm, but its relevance to faces has sparked controversy. To address this issue, we used the event-related potentials (ERP) technique to examine the temporal dynamics of object processing and its impact on the OBA effect. Behavioral data revealed the presence of the OBA effect for non-face mosaic objects but not for faces. After correcting for attentional horizontal-vertical symmetry, we identified two ERP components associated with the OBA mechanisms: corrected N1 and Late Positive Deflection (LPD). The corrected N1 exhibited a larger amplitude in within-object compared to between-object conditions, regardless of whether faces or non-face objects were presented. In contrast, the corrected LPD showed a larger amplitude in between-object relative to within-object conditions, exclusively for non-face objects. These findings suggest that the corrected N1 and LPD reflect different stages of the OBA mechanism. The early object-based N1 component may reflect the processing of coarse perceptual entities, without detailed object information. In contrast, the later object-based LPD component suggests a more integrated processing of objects with detailed information, where two faces are perceived as a unified whole due to their inherent social connections. This distinction between early and late mechanisms of OBA provides new insights into how attention selected two faces as either integrated or separate operational units.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele Deodato, David Melcher, Patrik Vuilleumier
{"title":"Fearful Events Induce Sustained Changes in Spontaneous Aperiodic EEG.","authors":"Michele Deodato, David Melcher, Patrik Vuilleumier","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysregulation of the fear response can impair well-being, making it crucial to understand the brain mechanisms underpinning maladaptive and sustained fear responses. Electrophysiological studies of fear usually focus on evoked or oscillatory activity, overlooking the role of aperiodic neural activity. In this study, we examined EEG spectral changes following exposure to emotionally charged stimuli to shed light on the neural correlates of persisting fear responses. Thirty-six participants watched video clips with neutral or fearful content, each followed by a closed eyes resting period. Spectral parametrization analysis of resting-state EEG data revealed no significant changes in oscillatory power between neutral and fearful conditions. However, we found that the overall power spectrum had a significantly shallower slope after exposure to fearful stimuli, characterized by reduced aperiodic exponents and offsets. These findings suggest that aperiodic EEG parameters can track physiological responses and emotional arousal following fear, providing novel insights into the neural dynamics of lingering fear responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kinga Ciupińska, Marcin Koculak, Michał Bola, Michał Wierzchoń
{"title":"Early and Late ERP Correlates of Conscivousness- A Direct Comparison Between Visual and Auditory Modalities.","authors":"Kinga Ciupińska, Marcin Koculak, Michał Bola, Michał Wierzchoń","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of previous research on neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) have used the visual system as a model. However, to what extent reported findings generalize to other sensory modalities has not been comprehensively investigated. To fill this gap we directly compared visual and auditory NCCs by testing the same group of participants with two analogous procedures. Participants were presented with near-threshold visual and auditory stimuli followed by a detection task and Perceptual Awareness Scale (PAS). On the behavioral level, as expected from visual awareness studies, PAS ratings were highly correlated with accuracy in the detection task. Analysis of EEG data revealed that analogous ERP components-early visual or auditory awareness negativity (VAN and AAN) were related to perceptual awareness, but regarding late positivity (LP), it was related to perceptual awareness only in the visual modality. Further, we found that VAN and visual LP exhibited shorter latencies than respective auditory components suggesting earlier access of visual stimuli to consciousness, compared to auditory ones. Finally, neither estimated perceptual thresholds nor amplitudes and latencies of the awareness-related ERPs components were correlated between modalities, suggesting a lack of a close link between visual and auditory perceptual mechanisms. Therefore, the observed differences between visual and auditory modalities indicate the investigated NCC are rather modality-specific, and thus that neither of the proposed measures track consciousness independently to the content-related processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12217428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nader Naghavi, Thomas Cook, Ryan Turner, Sofiya Shreyer, Katherine Colfer, Sonja Billes, Matthew Smith, Michael Busa
{"title":"Hot Flash Prediction for the Delivery of Just-In-Time Interventions.","authors":"Nader Naghavi, Thomas Cook, Ryan Turner, Sofiya Shreyer, Katherine Colfer, Sonja Billes, Matthew Smith, Michael Busa","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During menopause, the majority of women experience hot flashes (HF) that have a significant negative impact on sleep and quality of life. Current HF therapies are either ineffective or associated with unacceptable side effects. Digital health technologies offer a novel opportunity to fill this treatment gap with just-in-time thermal interventions through wearable devices. Thermal interventions have shown promise in reducing the negative impact of HFs. We hypothesized that HF event onsets can be accurately and reliably predicted from physiological signals prior to a person's perception of the events. This study investigated the feasibility of using skin conductance (SC) to predict the onset of HF events before they are subjectively perceived. 62 women who were experiencing HFs and self-reported being in peri- or postmenopause were recruited. Data collection consisted of three remotely conducted 48-h sessions. During each session, SC from the lateral torso was measured continuously and participants logged the precise timing of each perceived HF event onset. We developed new features to identify characteristics of SC signals before HFs were perceived. The best performing model trained with these features identified 82% of HF events on average 17 s before the onset with less than 2% false-positive rate. Among the identified events, the model predicted 69% of HF events before onset. This study demonstrates the feasibility of predicting HF event onsets before subjective perception. Future studies should investigate both multimodal prediction as well as user acceptance and effectiveness of just-in-time thermal interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seeing Is Feeling: How Aphantasia Alters Emotional Engagement With Stories.","authors":"Noha Abdelrahman, David Melcher, Pablo Ripollés","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual imagery is thought to act as an \"emotional amplifier,\" potentially contributing to narrative engagement. To examine this, we conducted two experiments in which participants were presented with emotionally charged audio and video story excerpts. Experiment 1 included 84 online participants from the general population, while Experiment 2 involved 25 individuals with aphantasia (the inability to generate mental images) and 25 controls. In both experiments we assessed narrative engagement behaviorally using the Narrative Engagement Questionnaire (NEQ), while for Experiment 2 we also measured physiological responses. We found a main effect of modality, with video stimuli scoring higher across all NEQ subscales in both experiments. Notably, in experiment 2, a significant group effect on emotional-but not cognitive-engagement emerged, with aphantasics reporting less emotional engagement than controls. Moreover, controls experienced higher heart rate during audio narratives, while aphantasics had a similar heart rate across both modalities. Our results suggest that the enhanced physiological response seen in non-aphantasics during audio narratives is driven by the mental effort required to generate imagery. Furthermore, this capacity for visual imagery appears to enhance emotional engagement with stories. This highlights mental imagery's role in both subjective and physiological responses, emphasizing distinct cognitive processes during narrative engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabine Prantner, Alejandro Espino-Payá, M Carmen Pastor, Cristina Giménez-García, Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Markus Junghoefer
{"title":"Neuroaffective Processing of Sexually Relevant Images in Hetero- and Homosexual Women and Men: Subjective, Pupillometric, and Magnetoencephalographic Correlates.","authors":"Sabine Prantner, Alejandro Espino-Payá, M Carmen Pastor, Cristina Giménez-García, Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Markus Junghoefer","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender identity and sexual orientation form fundamental characteristics of an individual's sexual identity and relate to patterns of physiological and neural activity involved in processing erotic or explicit sexual stimuli. To investigate this, we used high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure brain responses of hetero- and homosexual women and men to opposite- and same-sex erotic images, as well as sexually explicit images. Additionally, we administered pupillometry and subjective measures of hedonic valence and emotional arousal. Erotic versus sexually explicit stimuli initially resulted in enhanced pupil dilation and stronger neural activity in the extended visual cortex, but at later times, reverse effects were found. Our results further showed that perceived affect varied by gender and sexual orientation, with significant group effects. Pupil measurements revealed differences in dilation depending on opposite- and same-sex erotic and sexually explicit images and participant groups. Similarly, effects of stimuli content were found for the neural activity. The findings suggest that preferred versus non-preferred stimuli are subjectively processed in a category-specific way, especially in hetero- and homosexual males as well as homosexual women compared to heterosexual women, and indicate a sensitivity to sexual images in affective-motivational and reward areas of the brain. To conclude, subjective, visual, and neural responses to sexually relevant stimuli seem partly dependent on gender and sexual orientation but predominanly indicate influences of stimulus content.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 7","pages":"e70096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}