Psychophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Responses to Aversive Acoustic Stimuli in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Moderation by the Presence of a Service Dog in Training.","authors":"Steven H Woodward, Andrea L Jamison, Sasha Gala, Diana Villasenor, Gisselle C Tamayo, Ned J Arsenault","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70378","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychophysiologic responses to a series of aversively loud tones have discriminated groups with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from those without in multiple studies. Using a within-subjects design, we examined whether such responses were moderated by repeated presentation, by the severity of PTSD-related hyperarousal, and by the custody of a service dog in training. The US military veterans engaged in residential treatment for PTSD and concurrently participating in a service animal training intervention were administered a loud tones protocol over four to six weekly sessions. During approximately one-half of sessions, participants were accompanied by their assigned service dog in training. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate responses to the tones were quantified and modeled. Dog presence was associated with smaller SCRs and cardioacceleratory responses to aversively loud tones. In the case of SCRs, dog presence moderated the amplification of those responses in participants endorsing more severe hyperarousal and accelerated habituation over sessions. Moderation of autonomic responses to aversive stimuli by dog presence may offer insight into reports of \"calming\" provided by PTSD patients when queried about benefits they received from service dogs. Objective psychophysiological measures may inform studies of the physical and mental health benefits associated with service and pet dog companionship.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Outcome Monitoring Indices After Effort Exertion: A Psychometric Evaluation of the Effort-Doors Task for the Study of Individual Differences.","authors":"Gavin Heindorf, Harold A Rocha, Tingting Chen, Walter P Vispoel, Peter E Clayson","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effort-doors task was developed to advance the study of individual differences in effort-reward dynamics by eliciting neural indices across multiple stages of outcome monitoring. The task's suitability for between-person inferences depends on the psychometric reliability of the scores it produces. Generalizability theory was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the raw event-related brain potential (ERP) scores and their subtraction-based composites that are obtained from an extended version of the effort-doors task. An equation for estimating the reliability of a difference-of-differences score was derived and applied to estimate reliability and trial-count requirements at prespecified thresholds in a sample of 160 participants. The raw scores of cue-P3, reward positivity (RewP), and feedback-P3 (fb-P3) all achieved the recommended reliability threshold for between-person analyses. However, an effect of effort was observed only for cue-P3 (i.e., cue reactivity). The stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) showed inadequate reliability; improved data quality or additional trials may increase reliability, although the projected trial requirement should be weighed against feasibility. Most raw scores from the 120-trial task were sufficiently reliable for between-person analyses. However, SPN reliability was inadequate, effort effects were not credible for SPN, RewP, or fb-P3, and fb-P3 did not vary by feedback valence. These limitations should be considered in relation to theory and alternative paradigms. Overall, the 120-trial version of the effort-doors task can support individual-differences research focused on raw ERP indices across most stages of outcome monitoring, whereas individual differences in effort-related, valence-related, or effort-by-valence modulation should not be inferred from subtraction-based scores without further optimization and demonstrated reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in Cue-Guided Preparation and Target Processing in Crossmodal Response Precueing.","authors":"Pi-Chun Huang, Ludivine A Schils, Iring Koch, Denise N Stephan, Shulan Hsieh","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70377","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated age-related differences in the influence of spatial and modality-specific precues on preparation and target processing in crossmodal action. Younger and older adults (n = 36 and 33) performed a crossmodal response-precueing task requiring speeded choice responses, either manually or vocally, to unimodal visual or auditory targets, while event-related potentials were recorded. Three precue types were used: modality precues, which indicated the response effector without spatial information; spatial precues, which indicated abstract left-right response information without specifying the effector; and uninformative precues. Behaviorally, informative precues were associated with better performance in both age groups, but older adults showed faster and less accurate responses following spatial precues, suggesting that advance left-right response information facilitated rapid responding but increased response-selection errors when it had to be mapped onto the appropriate manual or vocal response after target onset. At the neural level, cue-locked contingent negative variation results indicated cue-related modulation of sustained preparation and overall reduced preparatory engagement in older adults. Target-locked early negativity, analyzed across manual and vocal response conditions, showed the clearest age-dependent cue modulation, whereas P3 measures indicated broader age-related differences in target-related processing. Cue-locked lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs), analyzed for manual-response trials, showed lateralized activity within the cue-target interval only following spatial precues, providing evidence of lateralized response preparation when response-side information was available before target onset, whereas target-locked LRP onset analyses in manual-response trials provided limited evidence for reliable cue- or age-dependent differences in LRP timing. Together, these findings suggest that aging alters how precues are used to configure preparation under unresolved response uncertainty. Spatial precues can support rapid responding in older adults, but this preparation may become error-prone when the appropriate response effector must still be selected after target onset.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black and Latiné Faces Capture Early Attention Measured by the P2 ERP Component: Departure From Whiteness as a Source of Salience.","authors":"Hannah I Volpert-Esmond, N J Jayce Owens-Boone, Evan J Romero","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social interactions are shaped by rapid perception of others' racial group membership, which influences downstream judgments and behavior. Event-related potentials (ERPs) provide a method for examining how attention is allocated to race-related cues at very early stages of face perception. Prior research has shown that White perceivers attend more to Black faces than White faces, as indexed by the P2 component, but theoretical explanations of this effect are limited by over-reliance on White participants and limited consideration of how race perception operates within a racial hierarchy. Here, we expand prior research by recruiting Latiné undergraduate participants (N = 93) and expanding face stimuli to include Black, Latiné, and White faces that varied in terms of racial prototypicality (i.e., racially ambiguous faces were included). Replicating prior findings, Black faces elicited larger P2 amplitudes than both White faces and Latiné faces. Multilevel modeling of single-trial ERPs also found that racial prototypicality moderated P2 responses to each face, such that higher prototypicality predicted larger P2 amplitudes for Black and Latiné faces but not White faces. Self-reports of how threatened perceivers felt by each racial group did not account for these effects. Last, larger trial-level P2 amplitudes predicted faster categorization responses, but only for highly prototypical faces. Findings suggest that early attention is preferentially allocated to faces with high potential for non-White racial classification and that this attentional prioritization facilitates racial categorization only when visual cues are more racially prototypical.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13492690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the Cap: Inclusivity Gaps in EEG Research.","authors":"Jen Lewendon, İlayda Özdemir, Anna Binabdullah, Anne Maass","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroscience is posited to be generalisable and unbiased, yet recent reviews highlight the continued underrepresentation of minority racial groups in EEG research. Among the most frequently identified methodological barriers to inclusion are the hair types, styles, and volume prevalent in Black individuals, assumed to substantially increase cap-fitting difficulty and compromise data quality. Yet, while proposed solutions often put the onus on participants (i.e., hairstyle changes), there is-to our knowledge-no current evidence demonstrating EEG data quality variation as a product of race. In the present study we analyzed data from wet and dry EEG systems to explore how race (Black/White) and/or gender (female/male) impact data quality. Dry EEG data was collected at a university in the UAE (N = 60, 30F, 30 M, 30 Black, 30 White) and wet EEG data was generously shared by Pech and Caspar (2024) (N = 53, 36F, 17 M, 27 Black, 26 White). Five data quality metrics were analyzed: bad electrode count, ICA decomposition quality, artifact rejection rate, baseline standard deviation, and standardized measurement error. We found no evidence of inferior data quality in Black participants across any measure or either system. In contrast, female (vs. male) participants presented with poorer data quality in metrics from both system types. While qualitative experimenter data acquisition notes (available for the dry EEG system data) suggest that EEG capping may prove more challenging with Black (vs White) participants, this does not appear to translate to a reduction in data quality. Our findings suggest that good quality data can be collected from Black participants across a range of EEG systems, and that the development of new methods or techniques is not necessarily a prerequisite to greater representation in EEG research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Song Familiarity Relies on Evidence Accumulation.","authors":"Jared R Girard, Aaron Bishop, Cameron D Hassall","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70370","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Familiarity judgments are thought to involve evidence accumulation, a decision-making process in which information is gathered over time until a threshold is reached. Previous work has identified a scalp-recorded signature of evidence accumulation called the central-parietal positivity (CPP). We built on this previous work and recorded electroencephalography while participants listened to several melodies, instructing participants to respond as soon as the song felt familiar. A prominent CPP was noted, time-locked to decisions. We then used linear regression to unmix overlapping neural responses and observed a stimulus-locked indicator of evidence accumulation that increased in amplitude just prior to a familiarity decision. This result suggests that song familiarity relies on evidence accumulation, with individual notes in a familiar song acting as \"evidence\".</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye Tracking Insights Into Movement Preparation and Execution Under Nonstandard Visual Movement Feedback.","authors":"Felix Quirmbach, Jens R Helmert, Sebastian Pannasch, Annika Dix, Jakub Limanowski","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70373","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For eye-hand coordination, predictions of sensory movement consequences may already be issued, and adjusted, during action preparation. In this pre-registered study, we combined a delayed-movement paradigm with a virtual reality-based eye-hand tracking task to investigate the oculomotor correlates of planning and executing coordinated eye-hand movements under standard versus nonstandard visual hand movement feedback. We measured pupil dilation and gaze-hand tracking during action preparation and subsequent task execution, where visual movement feedback violated or matched cued expectations: Participants prepared and, after a delay period, executed hand movements. Their movements were reflected by congruent or incongruent (inverted) movements of a glove-controlled virtual hand model, which they had to follow with their gaze. In the preceding delay period, visual cues could specify the to-be-executed movement (or leave it unspecified), and the visuomotor mapping (congruent or incongruent, 75% cue validity). We found that during the delay, pupil diameter increased more strongly when the movement was pre-cued (compared to left unspecified), and when nonstandard compared with standard visual movement feedback was expected. During execution, gaze-hand tracking performance decreased under nonstandard mappings, but significantly less so when the to-be-executed movement was pre-cued. Expectation violation trials produced a significantly stronger pupil dilation, particularly when congruent (standard) visuomotor expectations were violated, but also when incongruent mappings were cued but congruent ones observed. Furthermore, expectation violation impaired tracking performance; again, more strongly when congruent visuomotor expectations were violated. Our results indicate that oculomotor responses can reflect processes related to motor planning and flexible forward prediction of sensory action consequences ahead of execution, that is, increased mental effort and expectations of sensory conflict. Moreover, our results suggest that specific expectations about visuomotor (in)congruency affect eye-hand coordination and pupillary responses during subsequent execution of the planned action.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociable Trait Correlates of P300 Variability and Amplitude: Conscientiousness and Disinhibition.","authors":"Danielle N Jones, Colin B Bowyer, Chris B Martin, Christopher J Patrick, Keanan J Joyner","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70369","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been extensively used to link neural processes with personality traits, but most work has focused on mean amplitudes, leaving intraindividual variability in brain response comparatively unexplored. The present study examined whether trial-to-trial variability in the P300 reflects a common latent factor across cognitive tasks, and whether it relates to personality traits in ways that differ from mean amplitude. A mixed student and community sample (N = 206) completed three ERP tasks (oddball, flanker, and doors) yielding nine P300 variants. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that mean amplitude and intraindividual variability each loaded onto cohesive but distinct higher-order factors, which were moderately correlated. Structural equation modeling showed that mean P300 amplitude was uniquely and negatively related to Disinhibition, consistent with prior research, whereas P300 variability showed a unique negative association with Conscientiousness, a novel finding. Furthermore, both mean P300 amplitude and P300 variability related uniquely to behavioral performance in the flanker task. This pattern of results aligns with the idea that P300 variability could indicate the consistency of attentional engagement, whereas amplitude reflects a capacity to engage top-down control.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic Interplay and the Bimodal Classification of Aggression: Baseline and Reactivity Profiles in Urban Adult Males.","authors":"Frances R Chen","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological theories propose distinct physiological profiles for premeditated aggression (PM) and impulsive aggression (IA), yet prior research has relied on single-system markers that have yielded inconsistent findings, and no study has examined PNS-SNS interplay in relation to these aggression subtypes in adult samples including active offenders. This study investigated whether multisystem autonomic profiles at rest and during a modified Trier Social Stress Task differentially associated with PM and IA in a heterogeneous urban adult sample. Active offenders, demographically matched controls, and college students (N = 130, all male, M age = 28 years) were recruited in Atlanta. Skin conductance and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were recorded at rest and during three mTSST components varying in social confrontation demand and cognitive load. Each aggression subtype was modeled with the other adjusted for (PM and IA correlated at r = 0.54), so all associations pertain to the variance unique to that subtype. Baseline RSA was positively associated with PM only at low to moderate baseline SCL, and both reciprocal PNS and SNS activation profiles during social confrontation were associated with higher PM. Low baseline RSA was associated with more IA regardless of arousal level, with no significant reactivity interactions. All findings are replicated using peak-to-valley RSA. These results indicate that PM and IA are associated with qualitatively distinct multisystem physiological profiles. PM was associated with two divergent patterns under social challenge, physiological disengagement and organized mobilization, whereas IA was associated with a single trait-level marker of low regulatory capacity independent of situational arousal.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Frontal Band Power and Pupil Diameter Predict Performance During Motor Imagery Neurofeedback.","authors":"Agustina Fragueiro, René-Paul Debroize, Claire Cury","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurofeedback (NF) offers potential for cognitive enhancement and brain rehabilitation, yet a substantial proportion of individuals fail to acquire self-regulation of brain activity. Task engagement, strongly linked to attentional focus and arousal, is a critical determinant of NF success. Frontal theta and alpha band oscillations, as well as pupil diameter and skin conductance responses are known to reflect attentional control, cognitive workload and arousal, all of which influence task performance. The present study investigates the relationship between frontal theta and alpha power, pupil diameter and skin conductance with performance during motor imagery NF training. By examining these multimodal physiological markers, we aimed at identifying reliable indicators of cognitive engagement and predictors of NF performance. Our findings indicate that fluctuations in NF performance are systematically associated with distinct psychophysiological changes within individuals, but also globally at a group level. Frontal theta synchronization, alpha desynchronization and pupil diameter were strongly related to NF performance. Notably, alpha desynchronization and pupil diameter emerged as significant predictors of the individual performance level, with stronger frontal alpha desynchronization and increased pupil diameter predicting higher performance. Our results suggest the potential of theta synchronization, alpha desynchronization and pupil diameter as dynamic markers of engagement and performance during NF sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 8","pages":"e70380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}