Psychophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Risky Decision Making and Reward Processing in Young Adults.","authors":"Sebastian Ludyga, Anja Schwarz, Rahel Leuenberger, Silvan Colombo, Remo Kummer, Markus Gerber","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute exercise is suggested to elicit benefits for cool executive function, but the sensitivity of its hot components, such as risky decision making, to exercise remains unclear. However, improvements in risky decision making are relevant due to its predictive value for engagement in unhealthy behaviors in young adults in particular. We investigated the acute effects of aerobic exercise on risky decision making, its underlying neurocognitive processes (i.e., reward processing) and response inhibition. 33 female and 27 male participants (aged 24.0 ± 2.9 years) were randomly allocated to an intervention group, who performed 20 min of moderately-intense running on a treadmill, and a control group, who watched a video. Before and after these sessions, a Go/NoGo task and an Iowa Gambling task were administered. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300 elicited by wins and losses during gambling were recorded with electroencephalography. We found no group differences in pre- to posttest changes in performance on the Go/NoGo task and Iowa Gambling task. However, there was a greater increase in the bias for infrequent losses in the intervention compared to the control group, accompanied by a change towards higher P300 amplitude and lower negativity of the FRN. In conclusion, an exercise session did not affect performance on cool and hot executive function tasks but altered the strategic approach in decision making. Exercise led to a better anticipation of outcomes of decisions and a higher maintenance of the feedback significance, which both contributed to a change towards choices that yield less frequent, larger losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vagus Nerve as a Gateway to Body Ownership: taVNS Reduces Susceptibility to a Virtual Version of the Cardiac and Tactile Rubber Hand Illusion.","authors":"Alisha Vabba, Keisuke Suzuki, Milica Doric, Tim J Möller, Sarah Garfinkel, Hugo Critchley","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been shown to influence cognitive and emotional function and enhance interoceptive awareness. This study investigates if taVNS effects extend to the experience of body ownership, as measured via susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI) in a virtual reality setting. The experiment involved 27 participants who underwent real and sham stimulation in two separate sessions while experiencing synchronous or asynchronous visuo-cardiac and visuo-tactile feedback on a virtual arm in place of their own. Results indicated that active compared to sham taVNS decreased sensitivity to the illusion in both cardiac and tactile trials. Specifically, a greater proprioceptive drift difference (PDD) toward the rubber hand was observed for synchronous compared to asynchronous trials only during sham (t(26) = -4.58, p_bonf < 0.001) but not during active (p_bonf = 1.00) stimulation. A similar pattern was also observed for subjective ownership, where synchronous trials led to greater subjective ownership than asynchronous trials only during sham (t(26) = -3.52, p_bonf = 0.010) but not during active (p_bonf = 1.00) stimulation. These findings suggest that stimulation might enhance body ownership, making individuals more attuned to their real bodily signals and less susceptible to bodily illusions. Additionally, physiological measures such as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and skin sympathetic nervous activity (SKNA) were assessed to explore the autonomic effects of taVNS. We observed a decrease in HR during active stimulation (t(26) = 4.30, p_bonf < 0.001), and an increase in SKNA during both sham (t(26) = -4.40, p_bonf < 0.001) and active stimulation (t(26) = -4.85, p_bonf < 0.002). These findings contribute to the understanding of the vagus nerve's role in integrating visceral and somatosensory signals, with implications for clinical applications in conditions characterized by altered interoception and body ownership.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociating Affective Salience and Valence in (Very) Long-Latency ERPs.","authors":"Hans Revers, Jeroen J Stekelenburg, Jean Vroomen, Katrijn Van Deun, Marcel Bastiaansen","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While affective salience effects have been observed consistently in the late positive potential (LPP), no event-related potential (ERP) component has consistently shown ordered valence effects. A recent study, showing images of facial attractiveness, however suggests the existence of valence-related effects at very long latencies (1000-3000 ms post stimulus). This could offer new insights into the time-course of affective neural processing. Yet, it remains unclear whether the long-latency effect was specific to facial attractiveness, or to valence in general. To corroborate the existence of a long-latency valence effect, we presented distinctly positive, neutral, and negative valenced IAPS images to a large sample of 224 participants while recording their electroencephalogram (EEG). Larger ERP amplitudes were elicited by both positively and negatively valenced compared to neutral stimuli (an affective salience effect) from roughly 500 until 1300 ms, followed by an ordered valence effect of larger amplitudes to negatively compared to positively valenced images from 1500 until 2500 ms. These findings corroborate the previously observed sequence of an affective salience effect followed by a long-latency valence effect. However, the polarity of this valence effect was reversed from that of the facial attractiveness study. Allostasis is discussed as potential reconciling factor. Effects in the N2 and P300 components were also found, but could not be clearly labeled as an affective salience or a valence effect. These results fit with two-stage emotion theories such as the theory of constructed emotions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Consummatory but Not Anticipatory Reward Processing Predict Depressive Symptoms in Young Adult Women.","authors":"Ty Lees, Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression has been postulated to relate to alterations in both anticipatory (i.e., motivation) and consummatory (i.e., hedonic pleasure) stages of reward processing. However, few studies have concurrently examined the various processes of these stages. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to whether these associations are sex-specific, despite increasing evidence of the sex specificity of neural markers of internalizing disorders. The current study examines event-related potentials (ERPs) of reward processing recorded during a monetary incentive delay task among a community sample of n = 309 emerging adults in relation to self-reported symptoms of depression. Regression modeling indicated that greater depressive symptom scores were associated with reduced responsivity to reward feedback and increased responsivity to non-reward feedback (as indexed by the Feedback-P3) but only for participants who were identified as female at birth. Individual differences in anticipatory processes (as indexed by both the Cue-P3 and CNV) were not associated with depressive symptoms for either sex. Results of these models suggest that depressive symptoms appear to be associated with consummatory reward processing for young women. It is possible that other dimensions of negative affect could be more poignant for male participants or may provide an additional description of the relationship between reward processing and depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Chronological Age From the Electrical Activity of the Brain: How EEG-Age Can Be Used as a Marker of General Brain Functioning.","authors":"Thomas M James, Adrian P Burgess","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With an aging global population, the number of older adults with age-related changes in the brain, including dementia, will continue to increase unless we can make progress in the early detection and treatment of such conditions. There is extensive literature on the effects of aging on the EEG, particularly a decline in the Peak Alpha Frequency (PAF), but here, in a reversal of convention, we used the EEG power-frequency spectrum to estimate chronological age. The motivation for this approach was that an individual's brain age might act as a proxy for their general brain functioning, whereby a discrepancy between chronological age and EEG age could prove clinically informative by implicating deleterious conditions. With a sample of sixty healthy adults, whose ages ranged from 20 to 78 years, and using multivariate methods to analyze the broad EEG spectrum (0.1-45 Hz), strong positive correlations between chronological age and EEG age emerged. Furthermore, EEG age was a more accurate estimate and accounted for more variance in chronological age than well-established PAF-based estimates of age, indicating that EEG age could be a more comprehensive measure of general brain functioning. We conclude that EEG age could become a biomarker for neural and cognitive integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Probabilistic Learning.","authors":"Resul Çakır, İlkim Büyükgüdük, Petek Bilim, Ataberk Erdinç, Maria Geraldine Veldhuizen","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>tVNS enhances various memory and learning mechanisms, but there is inconclusive evidence on whether probabilistic learning can be enhanced by tVNS. Here, we tested a simplified version of the probabilistic learning task with monetary rewards in a between-participants design with left and right-sided cymba conchae and tragus stimulation (compared to sham stimulation) in a sample of healthy individuals (n = 80, 64 women, on average 26.38 years old). tVNS enhances overall accuracy significantly (p = 4.09 x 10^-04) and reduces response times (p = 1.1006 x 10^-49) in the probabilistic learning phase. Reinforcement learning modelling of the data revealed that the tVNS group uses a riskier strategy, dedicates more time to stimulus encoding and motor processes and exhibits greater reward sensitivity relative to the sham group. The learning advantage for tVNS relative to sham persists (p = 0.005 for accuracy and p = 9.2501 × 10^-27 for response times) during an immediate extinction phase with continued stimulation in which feedback and reward were omitted. Our observations are in line with the proposal that tVNS enhances reinforcement learning in healthy individuals. This suggests that tVNS may be useful in contexts where fast learning and learning persistence in the absence of a reward is an advantage, for example, in the case of learning new habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative Life Events as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Optimism and Cardiovascular Reactivity.","authors":"César Parra-Gaete, Carlos Hermosa-Bosano","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blunted cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) is associated with adverse health outcomes such as depression, obesity, and increased carotid intima-media thickness. Research indicates that significant negative life events (NLE) contribute to reduced CVR and related health issues, with individual perceptions and coping mechanisms playing a crucial role. Optimism, which is linked to fewer reported NLEs and better cardiovascular health, may improve coping processes, thereby reducing NLE's impact on CVR. This study investigated how NLEs mediate the relationship between optimism and CVR. The sample consisted of 199 adults recruited from universities in Ecuador. Participants completed psychological assessments prior to a controlled 45-min experimental session, which included baseline cardiac activity measurements followed by the PASAT task. The findings indicated that the number of NLEs mediates the relationship between optimism and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity, while optimism also exerts a direct effect on CVR beyond this mediation. Specifically, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the number of NLEs and DBP reactivity, alongside a positive relationship between optimism and DBP reactivity. Additionally, pessimism was associated with reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity, though neither pessimism nor NLEs showed any effect on heart rate. These results highlight the protective role of optimism in modulating stress-related impacts on CVR and align with previous research suggesting that low CVR might be a result of maladaptive stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha-Oscillatory Current Application Impacts Prospective Remembering Through Strategic Monitoring.","authors":"Bruno de Matos Mansur, Viviana Villafane Barraza, Angela Voegtle, Christoph Reichert, Slawomir J Nasuto, Catherine M Sweeney-Reed","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to execute future intentions. PM requires engagement of attentional networks, in which oscillatory activity in the alpha frequency range has been implicated. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior parietal cortex are assumed to be engaged during PM tasks. We hypothesized that the selective application of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at alpha frequency to these areas can modulate PM-associated event-related potentials. Participants were assigned to alpha-tACS, theta-tACS, or Sham stimulation. They performed a working memory task (OGT), with a PM component, pre-, during, and post-stimulation. EEG was recorded post-stimulation. Accuracy and reaction times (RTs) were computed. Following EEG source reconstruction of mean amplitude, source activity was contrasted between conditions in which performance was modulated by tACS using cluster-based permutation tests. RTs were slower on introducing the PM task, consistent with strategic monitoring. PM accuracy improved in the alpha-tACS group only. During PM trials, source activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was lower following alpha-tACS than after Sham stimulation. Source activity in the DLPFC following alpha-tACS was lower during PM than in OGT trials following alpha-tACS. Performance modulation through alpha-tACS, and the lower DLPFC activity in PM than in OGT trials provide evidence of a role for alpha oscillations during strategic monitoring for a PM cue. Lower PCC activity in the alpha-tACS than Sham group is consistent with facilitation of disengagement of the default mode network, supporting re-direction of attention from the OGT to the PM task and task-switching.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Cardiac Interoceptive Accuracy in Infancy: Lessons From the Adult Literature.","authors":"Rosie Donaghy, Matteo Lisi, Jeanne Shinskey, Jennifer Murphy","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Models of interoception, the processing of internal bodily signals, highlight infancy as a key period for interoceptive learning. Given the potential importance of this developmental period, there has been increasing focus on the measurement of cardiac interoceptive accuracy in infancy. In this paper, we argue that despite progress in this area, the current methods for assessing cardiac interoceptive accuracy in infancy suffer from many of the same limitations as tasks of cardiac interoceptive accuracy employed in adult samples. To progress work in this area, this paper critically reviews methods of cardiac interoceptive accuracy employed in adults and infants and provides several recommendations for optimizing the measurement of cardiac interoceptive accuracy in infants. These include, but are not limited to, methodological choices regarding the presentation of stimuli, the use of control tasks, the analysis strategy employed, and the importance of considering state effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presaccadic Attention Shifts Up- and Downwards: Evidence From the Pupil Light Response.","authors":"Damian Koevoet, Marnix Naber, Christoph Strauch, Stefan Van der Stigchel","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vision is introspectively stable, yet every eye movement moves the image of the world on the retina. The dominant view states that attention must precede saccades to prepare the brain for the postsaccadic retinal input, which ensures a stable visual experience. A recent surge of studies investigated visual asymmetries around the visual field, including asymmetries in presaccadic attention. Such studies demonstrated benefits of presaccadic attention on task performance for horizontal and downward saccades, but strikingly no such benefit was observed for upward saccades. An absence of upward presaccadic shifts would contrast the dominant view and indicate that presaccadic attention may not be necessary to ensure perceptual continuity. Here, we capitalized on the fact that the pupil light response robustly tracks spatial attention to investigate whether presaccadic attention shifts up- and downwards. We manipulated whether the landing brightness of the ensuing saccade could be prepared for prior to the saccade. Specifically, we either presented brightness patches throughout the trial or only presented these upon saccade onset. In two experiments, we observed earlier pupil light responses for both up- and downward saccades when the landing brightness could be prepared for presaccadically. This shows that presaccadic attention shifted prior to up- and downward saccades and agrees with presaccadic attention being instrumental in realizing a stable visual experience. Reconciling previously contradictory findings, presaccadic attention can be shifted without necessarily yielding perceptual benefits for all facets of visual processing at the attended location. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate presaccadic attention to shift along the vertical meridian.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}