Psychophysiology最新文献

{"title":"A Dynamic State-Based Framework for Quantifying Triadic Autonomic Synchrony During Group Decision-Making.","authors":"Yubraj Gupta, Stefanie Suttkus, Uwe Altmann, Feliberto de la Cruz, Maria Geisler, Andy Schumann, Kar-Jürgen Bär","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70427","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In triadic social interaction, autonomic coordination is dynamic and may be poorly captured by session-level synchrony estimates. We propose a state-based framework to quantify time-varying interpersonal synchrony during a laboratory group decision-making task (Desert Survival Task) using concurrently recorded electrodermal activity (EDA) and ECG-derived heart rate variability (HRV). Twelve triads (36 participants) with complete physiological recordings were analyzed. Signals were segmented into overlapping 60 s windows (1 s step). For each participant, window-level features were extracted (EDA: 4 features; HRV: 74 features), standardized within individuals, and converted to dyadic divergence vectors (absolute differences) for the three dyads in each triad. Divergence vectors (combined EDA plus HRV) were reduced with PCA (95% variance retained) and clustered using a single global k-means model trained on pooled windows to yield five discrete synchrony states shared across triads. States were ordered along the first principal component (PC1) of the divergence space, with its orientation chosen so that State 0 corresponded to the highest-synchrony state (HSS). Triad-level state metrics quantified both prevalence and temporal stability: fractional occupancy rate (FOR), mean dwell time (MDT), and conditional long-run fraction (CLRF; ≥ 10 s runs). Empirical triads showed a graded continuum of synchrony across states and a strong bias toward the HSS. Surrogate validation using a leave-one-fixed Iterative Amplitude Adjusted Fourier Transform (IAAFT) null applied at the signal level demonstrated that HSS occupancy and stability exceeded chance alignment (FOR; p < 0.001; MDT and CLRF; p < 0.001). Convergent validity of the proposed state representation was further supported by continuous signal-based benchmarks: compared with State 4, State 0 showed lower dynamic time warping distances and higher lag-optimized physiological linkage (max R²) for both EDA and HRV (all p < 0.001). In contrast, group-mean anxiety measures (SPIN, STAI) were not reliably associated with HSS prevalence or stability in this sample. These findings suggest that discrete synchrony states capture interpretable, non-random coordination regimes in triads and provide a complementary framework for characterizing the temporal organization of autonomic synchrony beyond conventional continuous synchrony measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Synchrony Across Modalities Within and Between Individuals: A Methodological Exploration of Crossmodality.","authors":"Wolfgang Tschacher, Anu Tourunen, Petra Nyman-Salonen, Virpi-Liisa Kykyri","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This methodological study aims at exploring several extensions of physiological synchrony. As yet, synchrony is commonly analyzed within the same physiological modality and between different people, whereas in the present project we were specifically interested in crossmodal synchronies between people (interpersonal), as well as within the same person (intrapersonal). In recent years, interpersonal synchrony has received increased attention as a research field and a methodology in various disciplines where social interaction is pivotal. Synchrony is often computed on a time scale of a few seconds, predominantly based on physiological measures or motor behavior. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that interpersonal synchrony is a phenomenon that characterizes people's social interaction in different contexts. Synchrony arises spontaneously in social systems, often outside the awareness of the persons interacting, and is often considered a signature of relationship quality. Synchrony was also shown to be induced by salient stimulation contexts, for example by music synchronizing concert audiences. To explore such synchronies, we used a large dataset of 703 participants who listened to classical music in a concert setting. Heart rate, heart-rate variability, electrodermal activity, breathing behavior, and respiration rate were recorded simultaneously in all participants. Using the surrogate synchrony algorithm (R package SUSY), which is based on cross-correlations, the participants' crossmodal synchronies were determined for all 10 combinations of these 5 modalities. The psychological meaning of physiological synchronies is the goal of empirical aesthetics, and findings were published previously. The present study, however, concerns methodological topics of multimodal synchrony: do crossmodal synchronies arise intra- and interpersonally? Using surrogate tests as a control condition, we found that about half of such synchronies were significantly present in the dataset at substantial effect sizes. We additionally explored the lag structure of the underlying cross-correlations to describe the leading-following dynamics between synchronized physiological modalities. We expected that crossmodal synchronies of modalities representing sympathetic activation would be significantly synchronized positively (in-phase synchrony). This was, however, not always the case, as co-activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic signals was also found. In conclusion, the present findings on crossmodal synchronies provide novel information and suggest new measures for synchrony research, which is relevant for both induced synchrony and synchrony of social interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Object Details Persist in Visual Working Memory Regardless of Category Sufficiency for Search.","authors":"Ryan S Williams, Joseph M Saito, Keisuke Fukuda, Susanne Ferber","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When searching for objects in complex environments, performance often improves with more specific target representations. Yet, sometimes a more general representation may be preferable. For example, when repeatedly searching for unique exemplars from the same object category, a shared category-based representation could help alleviate the cognitive burden of constantly encoding and maintaining new exemplar representations. We therefore examined whether the format of target representations used for search is sensitive to the sustained preservation of object-category membership. Across two experiments, observers searched consecutively for images of real-world objects from the same basic-level category. We recorded contralateral delay activity (CDA), an electrophysiological marker of visual working memory (VWM) maintenance, to assess whether the encoding of object-specific details diminished across category repetitions in favor of more generalized representations. In Experiment 1, we manipulated whether object-category membership alone sufficiently differentiated each unique target from nontargets in the search array. In Experiment 2, we preserved category sufficiency but allowed the targets to additionally repeat at the level of the exemplar to examine how repeatedly searching for the same object differs from repeatedly searching for the same kind of object. We found that while fewer object-specific details were maintained in VWM when category membership was sufficient, the amount of detail only diminished across repetitions of the exact same object. Moreover, observers exhibited sensitivity to the sustained preservation of the target category in the form of perceptual and semantic expectancy violations following category switches, as indexed by N2pc and N400 ERP components. Together, we show that, even though the sustained preservation of a target object category does not continuously reduce the encoding of object-specific details, categorical information is nonetheless represented in parallel. We speculate that object-specific representations principally serve attentional guidance, while categorical representations benefit target-match decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Oscillatory and Sympathetic Arousal Dynamics During Mindfulness Meditation: Characterizing Relaxed Alertness.","authors":"Alexander T Duda, Adam R Clarke, Robert J Barry","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70425","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mindfulness meditation is often characterized as a state of relaxed alertness, yet the neural and autonomic processes that define this state remain unclear. This study examined concurrent electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations and skin conductance level (SCL) during brief breath-focused mindfulness meditation, with a focus on temporal dynamics. EEG and SCL were recorded during 2 min of eyes-closed rest and a 15 min mindfulness meditation, with analyses focused on 8 min of the silent self-guided period following instruction, divided into four consecutive 2 min segments. Planned contrasts compared eyes-closed rest with mindfulness meditation and examined changes across the meditation period, while sex-related variability was explored. Meditation was associated with greater theta (4-7.5 Hz) amplitude than rest. Exploratory analyses also indicated greater delta (1-3.5 Hz) amplitude during meditation and a progressive increase in delta across the meditation period. Alpha amplitude (8-13 Hz) showed no reliable state-related or temporal effects. SCL did not differ between rest and meditation overall, although an exploratory trend analysis indicated an initial decrease followed by a later increase during meditation. Global alpha amplitude was positively associated with SCL during meditation, after accounting for participant differences and changes across the meditation period. Exploratory sex analyses suggested a larger rest-to-meditation theta increase in males and greater beta and gamma amplitudes in females across states, although these findings should be considered preliminary. Together, these results suggest that mindfulness meditation is not simply characterized by reduced arousal, but instead involves dynamic patterns of neural activity and sympathetic arousal that are broadly consistent with relaxed alertness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blunted Neural Error Monitoring Amplifies the Adverse Effect of Childhood Maltreatment on Depressive Symptoms: Time-Domain and Time-Frequency Analysis.","authors":"Jun Yang, Linghui Yang, Cong Cao","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Performance monitoring (PM) has been suggested as a promising cognitive factor to explain individual differences in the association between early maltreatment and depression, yet evidence remains limited. From a monitoring vs. executive perspective, this study thus comprehensively examined whether and how the neurophysiological (ERN and its time-frequency decomposition components) and behavioral (posterror accuracy) indicators of PM interacted with childhood maltreatment on young adult depressive symptoms. A total of 192 Chinese university students (M_age = 21.08 ± 1.91 years; 59.4% girls) completed self-report questionnaires and an Eriksen Flanker task while EEG activity was recorded. The results showed that blunted vs. heightened ERN and error-related delta were more likely to amplify the adverse effect of childhood maltreatment, especially emotional neglect, on young adult depressive symptoms. However, error-related theta and posterror accuracy did not show such interaction effects. The findings showed strong robustness across a series of sensitivity analyses. The results provide preliminary evidence that blunted error monitoring but not executive ability, reflected by ERN and error-related delta, may be a neurobiological moderator that underlies maltreatment-related depression, which deepens the cognitive control underpinnings of depression. However, given the high-functioning sample, caution is warranted when generalizing these findings in high-risk clinical samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sound Flexibly Interacts With Dual-Format Templates to Optimize Visual Search.","authors":"Mengdie Zhai, Song Zhao, Zhengzheng Chen, Chengzhi Feng, Wenfeng Feng","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies indicate that the dual formats of templates recursively operate in tandem during visual search tasks. The guiding template with coarse features supports target localization, whereas the target template with precise features supports target identification. However, whether a sound that provides target-consistent identity information would flexibly interact with these two templates to optimize search behavior remains unclear. Across two experiments, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants searched for and identified a visual target letter (\"V\" or \"K\"). In Experiment 1, visual targets were presented in isolation (V) or synchronously with a speech sound that was congruent (AVcon) or incongruent (AVincon) with the target; Experiment 2 additionally paired the target with a sound unrelated to both potential targets and distractors (AVun). Behaviorally, converging findings across experiments indicated that relative to AVun and V conditions, congruent sounds improved accuracy and shortened response times, whereas incongruent sounds prolonged response times. ERP results revealed early cross-modal interactions, reflected in amplitude modulations of the occipital P195 and centroparietal N270 components in the AVcon and AVincon conditions relative to summed unimodal ERPs (Exp. 1); these interactions were reduced in the AVun condition, in which the sound was uninformative about potential targets (Exp. 2). Cross-condition multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) showed higher target-presence decoding accuracy in the AVcon condition than in the AVincon, AVun, and V conditions. Peak-to-peak improvements in the AVcon-AVincon and AVcon-V comparisons, but not the AVcon-AVun comparison, were positively correlated with corresponding improvements in behavioral accuracy. These findings suggest that the interaction between sounds and the dual formats of templates is contingent on the usefulness of available information. When the guiding template is relatively efficient, task-irrelevant sounds may generally interact with the entire visual search array. Subsequently, congruent sounds selectively enhance target-template processing, potentially contributing to improved target identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Visual Pathways of Threat Retrieval in Fear-Conditioned Faces.","authors":"Enya M Weidner, Marlene Götze, Adrian Taday, Johanna Kissler","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70429","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many have demonstrated rapid (< 100 ms) visuo-cortical differentiation of threat-associated faces. This may go back to low-spatial frequency (LSF) visual information originating from magnocellular pathways. Yet it remains unknown whether potentially magnocellular fear signals extend beyond evolutionarily prepared emotional faces. If so, spatial frequency characteristics should modulate visual processing of faces with newly acquired threat-relevance. Furthermore, it is unclear whether sub-bands of the visual spectrum are associated with autonomic arousal. Using a differential fear-conditioning paradigm (n = 68), this study tested whether early visual attentional capture, indicated by the P1 event-related potential component, face encoding, indicated by the N1 component, and autonomic arousal, indicated by skin conductance responses (SCR), prioritizes LSF information of threat-associated faces with neutral expressions during fear retrieval. Additionally, correlations tested whether the same subcortical system underlies the P1 and SCR. Stimulus ratings and N1 amplitudes confirmed successful fear acquisition. During fear retrieval, the P1 showed a selective left-hemispheric enhancement in response to LSF threat-faces. By contrast, the N1 was sensitive to spatial frequency but not fear-relevance. CS-differentiation in the SCR was not modulated by spatial frequency but longer CS presentations resulting in larger fear differentiation. Amplitudes of P1 and SCR were positively correlated only for safety faces. Data support the notion that magnocellular-cortical pathways adapt quickly to novel threat-associations and facilitate rapid threat retrieval in early visual attention, but not face encoding, even for perceptually neutral faces. At least in the present paradigm, subcortical fear pathways do not associate with anticipatory arousal in SCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inducing Interpersonal Closeness: Effects on Inter-Brain Synchrony and Collaborative Performance.","authors":"Laura Fornari, Tieme W P Janssen, Ido Davidesco, Lydia Krabbendam, Nienke M van Atteveldt","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70421","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feeling close to another person is widely assumed to facilitate collaboration. However, causal evidence that interpersonal closeness improves collaborative behavior remains limited, and it is unclear whether any such influence is accompanied by increased synchrony at the neural level. Previous studies comparing inter-brain synchrony (IBS) and collaborative performance across relationship types (e.g., friends vs. strangers) have reported better collaboration and higher IBS in closer relationships, but these effects are confounded by familiarity and shared interaction history. To address these limitations, we experimentally manipulated interpersonal closeness in 123 dyads of strangers (N = 246) to test its causal influence on IBS and collaborative performance. Dyads were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: No Interaction, Small Talk, or a closeness-generating conversation. After the manipulation, dyads completed a collaborative task while undergoing mobile EEG hyperscanning. The manipulation was effective: perceived closeness increased significantly between the No-Interaction, Small-Talk, and closeness-generating conversation conditions. However, induced closeness did not affect collaborative performance or IBS during collaboration. These findings suggest that the better collaboration and higher IBS often reported for pre-existing relationships in previous studies may originate from factors beyond momentary feelings of closeness, such as familiarity derived from prior interaction. Interestingly, across all dyads, we observed a negative association between central delta IBS and collaborative performance, with IBS explaining unique variance beyond self-reported measures. This negative link is consistent with the idea that, in this context, IBS reflects speech-tracking and increased cognitive demands during coordination, rather than coordination efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delivery and Attitude Modulate Shared Neural Processing of Speech Through Distinct Frequency Channels.","authors":"Barak Atia, Yair Berson, Abraham Goldstein","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeners' brains align when they attend to the same speech, but what determines how strongly they align is not well understood. We asked whether that alignment tracks the communicative relation between a listener and a message, manipulating it from the speaker's side and from the listener's, and bounding the account with a manipulation that alters the social setting while leaving the relation intact. In two magnetoencephalography experiments, we measured inter-subject correlation of band-limited envelopes, which resolves shared processing by frequency rather than treating it as a single quantity. In Study 1, 40 listeners watched the same actor deliver the same speech charismatically and non-charismatically, so that content and identity were held constant. Charismatic delivery raised correlation most strongly in the beta band, and after regression of the acoustic and visual features, the surviving effect was concentrated in right perisylvian cortex. In Study 2, listeners read a favorable or unfavorable description of a speaker they had never encountered and watched a second speaker either with or without a minimal cue that an audience was present. A newly formed attitude raised correlation in alpha and theta within the same right perisylvian region, whereas the audience cue, which left both the message and the listener's disposition unchanged, produced no detectable change in any band. Correlation also proved partly dispositional: how strongly a listener synchronized on one task predicted their synchrony on the other, specifically in alpha and independently of personality. Delivery and attitude thus converge on a common substrate for the speaker's expressive signal, reaching it through separate frequency channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13620440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Electrocardiogram-Based Phase Adjustment Task (PAT-ECG): An Open-Access Laboratory Test of Cardiac Interoceptive Accuracy.","authors":"James Hodgetts, Germano Gallicchio, Shaun Mckiernan, Christopher Ring, Jennifer Murphy, Andrew Cooke","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interoceptive accuracy plays a central role in theories of emotion, and atypical interoceptive accuracy is increasingly recognized as a feature in the pathophysiology of multiple clinical and subclinical conditions. However, existing methods for assessing interoceptive accuracy have limitations that may constrain research progress. This study presents the first electrocardiogram-based implementation of the phase adjustment task (PAT-ECG), a rigorous measure of cardiac interoceptive accuracy, and provides the materials and experimental code for its use. Similar to existing PAT implementations, the task presents tones at each participant's heart rate and requires them to adjust the phase of the tone to synchronize it with their heartbeats. Crucially, this implementation replaces the photoplethysmographic signal used in previous implementations with ECG, enabling superior temporal resolution and more precise triggering via the R-wave peak. We additionally introduce a novel phase-delay timing procedure during task execution and explore new data-analytic approaches. Data from 91 participants are used to demonstrate the task, and eight options for classifying individuals as interoceptive or non-interoceptive are evaluated. Seventeen percent of participants were classified as interoceptive at rest via PAT-ECG. Findings extend evidence for distinct variable-period and fixed-period interoceptive pathways. Weighting trials by confidence ratings further influenced interoceptive accuracy scores. The original PAT represented a significant advancement in cardiac interoceptive accuracy assessment; this open-access ECG-based implementation extends PAT methodological precision, providing an even more rigorous assessment tool for further advancing interoception theories and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}