Psychophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Dissociating Affective Salience and Valence in (Very) Long-Latency ERPs.","authors":"Hans Revers, Jeroen J Stekelenburg, Jean Vroomen, Katrijn Van Deun, Marcel Bastiaansen","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While affective salience effects have been observed consistently in the late positive potential (LPP), no event-related potential (ERP) component has consistently shown ordered valence effects. A recent study, showing images of facial attractiveness, however suggests the existence of valence-related effects at very long latencies (1000-3000 ms post stimulus). This could offer new insights into the time-course of affective neural processing. Yet, it remains unclear whether the long-latency effect was specific to facial attractiveness, or to valence in general. To corroborate the existence of a long-latency valence effect, we presented distinctly positive, neutral, and negative valenced IAPS images to a large sample of 224 participants while recording their electroencephalogram (EEG). Larger ERP amplitudes were elicited by both positively and negatively valenced compared to neutral stimuli (an affective salience effect) from roughly 500 until 1300 ms, followed by an ordered valence effect of larger amplitudes to negatively compared to positively valenced images from 1500 until 2500 ms. These findings corroborate the previously observed sequence of an affective salience effect followed by a long-latency valence effect. However, the polarity of this valence effect was reversed from that of the facial attractiveness study. Allostasis is discussed as potential reconciling factor. Effects in the N2 and P300 components were also found, but could not be clearly labeled as an affective salience or a valence effect. These results fit with two-stage emotion theories such as the theory of constructed emotions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vagus Nerve as a Gateway to Body Ownership: taVNS Reduces Susceptibility to a Virtual Version of the Cardiac and Tactile Rubber Hand Illusion.","authors":"Alisha Vabba, Keisuke Suzuki, Milica Doric, Tim J Möller, Sarah Garfinkel, Hugo Critchley","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been shown to influence cognitive and emotional function and enhance interoceptive awareness. This study investigates if taVNS effects extend to the experience of body ownership, as measured via susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI) in a virtual reality setting. The experiment involved 27 participants who underwent real and sham stimulation in two separate sessions while experiencing synchronous or asynchronous visuo-cardiac and visuo-tactile feedback on a virtual arm in place of their own. Results indicated that active compared to sham taVNS decreased sensitivity to the illusion in both cardiac and tactile trials. Specifically, a greater proprioceptive drift difference (PDD) toward the rubber hand was observed for synchronous compared to asynchronous trials only during sham (t(26) = -4.58, p_bonf < 0.001) but not during active (p_bonf = 1.00) stimulation. A similar pattern was also observed for subjective ownership, where synchronous trials led to greater subjective ownership than asynchronous trials only during sham (t(26) = -3.52, p_bonf = 0.010) but not during active (p_bonf = 1.00) stimulation. These findings suggest that stimulation might enhance body ownership, making individuals more attuned to their real bodily signals and less susceptible to bodily illusions. Additionally, physiological measures such as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and skin sympathetic nervous activity (SKNA) were assessed to explore the autonomic effects of taVNS. We observed a decrease in HR during active stimulation (t(26) = 4.30, p_bonf < 0.001), and an increase in SKNA during both sham (t(26) = -4.40, p_bonf < 0.001) and active stimulation (t(26) = -4.85, p_bonf < 0.002). These findings contribute to the understanding of the vagus nerve's role in integrating visceral and somatosensory signals, with implications for clinical applications in conditions characterized by altered interoception and body ownership.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Chronological Age From the Electrical Activity of the Brain: How EEG-Age Can Be Used as a Marker of General Brain Functioning.","authors":"Thomas M James, Adrian P Burgess","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With an aging global population, the number of older adults with age-related changes in the brain, including dementia, will continue to increase unless we can make progress in the early detection and treatment of such conditions. There is extensive literature on the effects of aging on the EEG, particularly a decline in the Peak Alpha Frequency (PAF), but here, in a reversal of convention, we used the EEG power-frequency spectrum to estimate chronological age. The motivation for this approach was that an individual's brain age might act as a proxy for their general brain functioning, whereby a discrepancy between chronological age and EEG age could prove clinically informative by implicating deleterious conditions. With a sample of sixty healthy adults, whose ages ranged from 20 to 78 years, and using multivariate methods to analyze the broad EEG spectrum (0.1-45 Hz), strong positive correlations between chronological age and EEG age emerged. Furthermore, EEG age was a more accurate estimate and accounted for more variance in chronological age than well-established PAF-based estimates of age, indicating that EEG age could be a more comprehensive measure of general brain functioning. We conclude that EEG age could become a biomarker for neural and cognitive integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Probabilistic Learning.","authors":"Resul Çakır, İlkim Büyükgüdük, Petek Bilim, Ataberk Erdinç, Maria Geraldine Veldhuizen","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>tVNS enhances various memory and learning mechanisms, but there is inconclusive evidence on whether probabilistic learning can be enhanced by tVNS. Here, we tested a simplified version of the probabilistic learning task with monetary rewards in a between-participants design with left and right-sided cymba conchae and tragus stimulation (compared to sham stimulation) in a sample of healthy individuals (n = 80, 64 women, on average 26.38 years old). tVNS enhances overall accuracy significantly (p = 4.09 x 10^-04) and reduces response times (p = 1.1006 x 10^-49) in the probabilistic learning phase. Reinforcement learning modelling of the data revealed that the tVNS group uses a riskier strategy, dedicates more time to stimulus encoding and motor processes and exhibits greater reward sensitivity relative to the sham group. The learning advantage for tVNS relative to sham persists (p = 0.005 for accuracy and p = 9.2501 × 10^-27 for response times) during an immediate extinction phase with continued stimulation in which feedback and reward were omitted. Our observations are in line with the proposal that tVNS enhances reinforcement learning in healthy individuals. This suggests that tVNS may be useful in contexts where fast learning and learning persistence in the absence of a reward is an advantage, for example, in the case of learning new habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative Life Events as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Optimism and Cardiovascular Reactivity.","authors":"César Parra-Gaete, Carlos Hermosa-Bosano","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blunted cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) is associated with adverse health outcomes such as depression, obesity, and increased carotid intima-media thickness. Research indicates that significant negative life events (NLE) contribute to reduced CVR and related health issues, with individual perceptions and coping mechanisms playing a crucial role. Optimism, which is linked to fewer reported NLEs and better cardiovascular health, may improve coping processes, thereby reducing NLE's impact on CVR. This study investigated how NLEs mediate the relationship between optimism and CVR. The sample consisted of 199 adults recruited from universities in Ecuador. Participants completed psychological assessments prior to a controlled 45-min experimental session, which included baseline cardiac activity measurements followed by the PASAT task. The findings indicated that the number of NLEs mediates the relationship between optimism and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity, while optimism also exerts a direct effect on CVR beyond this mediation. Specifically, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the number of NLEs and DBP reactivity, alongside a positive relationship between optimism and DBP reactivity. Additionally, pessimism was associated with reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity, though neither pessimism nor NLEs showed any effect on heart rate. These results highlight the protective role of optimism in modulating stress-related impacts on CVR and align with previous research suggesting that low CVR might be a result of maladaptive stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Working Memory Representations for Rare Events.","authors":"Carlos Daniel Carrasco, Aaron Matthew Simmons, John E Kiat, Steven J Luck","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rare events (oddballs) produce a variety of enhanced physiological responses relative to frequent events (standards), including the P3b component of the event-related potential (ERP) waveform. Previous research has suggested that the P3b is related to working memory, which implies that working memory representations will be enhanced for rare stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we devised a modified oddball paradigm where a target disk was presented at one of 16 different locations, which were divided into rare and frequent sets. Participants made a binary response on each trial to report whether the target appeared in the rare set or the frequent set. As expected, the P3b was much larger for stimuli appearing at a location within the rare set. We also included occasional probe trials in which the subject reported the exact location of the target. Accuracy was higher for rare than frequent locations. In addition, memory reports on rare trials were more accurate in participants with larger P3b amplitudes on rare trials (although reports were not more accurate for trials with larger P3b amplitudes within participants). We also applied multivariate pattern analysis to the ERP data to \"decode\" the remembered location of the target. Decoding accuracy was greater for locations within the rare set than for locations within the frequent set. We then replicated and extended our behavioral findings in a follow-up experiment. These behavioral and electrophysiological results demonstrate that although both frequent and rare events are stored in working memory, working memory performance is enhanced for rare oddball events.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha-Oscillatory Current Application Impacts Prospective Remembering Through Strategic Monitoring.","authors":"Bruno de Matos Mansur, Viviana Villafane Barraza, Angela Voegtle, Christoph Reichert, Slawomir J Nasuto, Catherine M Sweeney-Reed","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to execute future intentions. PM requires engagement of attentional networks, in which oscillatory activity in the alpha frequency range has been implicated. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior parietal cortex are assumed to be engaged during PM tasks. We hypothesized that the selective application of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at alpha frequency to these areas can modulate PM-associated event-related potentials. Participants were assigned to alpha-tACS, theta-tACS, or Sham stimulation. They performed a working memory task (OGT), with a PM component, pre-, during, and post-stimulation. EEG was recorded post-stimulation. Accuracy and reaction times (RTs) were computed. Following EEG source reconstruction of mean amplitude, source activity was contrasted between conditions in which performance was modulated by tACS using cluster-based permutation tests. RTs were slower on introducing the PM task, consistent with strategic monitoring. PM accuracy improved in the alpha-tACS group only. During PM trials, source activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was lower following alpha-tACS than after Sham stimulation. Source activity in the DLPFC following alpha-tACS was lower during PM than in OGT trials following alpha-tACS. Performance modulation through alpha-tACS, and the lower DLPFC activity in PM than in OGT trials provide evidence of a role for alpha oscillations during strategic monitoring for a PM cue. Lower PCC activity in the alpha-tACS than Sham group is consistent with facilitation of disengagement of the default mode network, supporting re-direction of attention from the OGT to the PM task and task-switching.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Decoding of the Navon Task Challenges Rigid Hemispheric Asymmetries in Global-Local Processing.","authors":"Tobias Hausinger, Patrick Reisinger, Nathan Weisz, Andrea Hansen, Ti-Anni Harris, Belinda Pletzer","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional hemispheric asymmetries are considered a key factor in intra- and interindividual variability of global precedence effects. However, research in this area is permeated by a considerable number of inconsistent findings which may stem from significant methodological limitations. In pursuit of a more detailed model of global-local processing by combining both high temporal and spatial resolution, we employed Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) on Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from 63 participants performing a divided visual field, divided attention Navon paradigm. The resulting decoding accuracies between various hierarchical letter forms and target levels were used to pinpoint potentially involved spatial networks and temporal processing sequences. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) revealed temporal precedence of global over local letter form decoding accuracy peaks. Furthermore, searchlight analysis provided a nuanced spatial mapping that not only validated previously established core regions (lingual gyrus for local processing; inferior occipital gyrus for global processing) but also identified potential regions implicated in global-local integration. Yet, we observed substantial variation in lateralization patterns across our study sample, challenging the conventional assumption of right-hemispheric dominance for global and left-hemispheric dominance for local processing in the context of MVPA. Overall, our findings validate and broaden the scope of prior research by providing, for the first time, accurate temporal and spatial data on global-local processing from a single measurement. Moreover, we introduce interindividual variability in lateralization patterns as a potential factor contributing to past inconsistencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Cardiac Interoceptive Accuracy in Infancy: Lessons From the Adult Literature.","authors":"Rosie Donaghy, Matteo Lisi, Jeanne Shinskey, Jennifer Murphy","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Models of interoception, the processing of internal bodily signals, highlight infancy as a key period for interoceptive learning. Given the potential importance of this developmental period, there has been increasing focus on the measurement of cardiac interoceptive accuracy in infancy. In this paper, we argue that despite progress in this area, the current methods for assessing cardiac interoceptive accuracy in infancy suffer from many of the same limitations as tasks of cardiac interoceptive accuracy employed in adult samples. To progress work in this area, this paper critically reviews methods of cardiac interoceptive accuracy employed in adults and infants and provides several recommendations for optimizing the measurement of cardiac interoceptive accuracy in infants. These include, but are not limited to, methodological choices regarding the presentation of stimuli, the use of control tasks, the analysis strategy employed, and the importance of considering state effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presaccadic Attention Shifts Up- and Downwards: Evidence From the Pupil Light Response.","authors":"Damian Koevoet, Marnix Naber, Christoph Strauch, Stefan Van der Stigchel","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vision is introspectively stable, yet every eye movement moves the image of the world on the retina. The dominant view states that attention must precede saccades to prepare the brain for the postsaccadic retinal input, which ensures a stable visual experience. A recent surge of studies investigated visual asymmetries around the visual field, including asymmetries in presaccadic attention. Such studies demonstrated benefits of presaccadic attention on task performance for horizontal and downward saccades, but strikingly no such benefit was observed for upward saccades. An absence of upward presaccadic shifts would contrast the dominant view and indicate that presaccadic attention may not be necessary to ensure perceptual continuity. Here, we capitalized on the fact that the pupil light response robustly tracks spatial attention to investigate whether presaccadic attention shifts up- and downwards. We manipulated whether the landing brightness of the ensuing saccade could be prepared for prior to the saccade. Specifically, we either presented brightness patches throughout the trial or only presented these upon saccade onset. In two experiments, we observed earlier pupil light responses for both up- and downward saccades when the landing brightness could be prepared for presaccadically. This shows that presaccadic attention shifted prior to up- and downward saccades and agrees with presaccadic attention being instrumental in realizing a stable visual experience. Reconciling previously contradictory findings, presaccadic attention can be shifted without necessarily yielding perceptual benefits for all facets of visual processing at the attended location. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate presaccadic attention to shift along the vertical meridian.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}