Psychophysiology最新文献

{"title":"The Electrocardiogram-Based Phase Adjustment Task (PAT-ECG): An Open-Access Laboratory Test of Cardiac Interoceptive Accuracy.","authors":"James Hodgetts, Germano Gallicchio, Shaun Mckiernan, Christopher Ring, Jennifer Murphy, Andrew Cooke","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interoceptive accuracy plays a central role in theories of emotion, and atypical interoceptive accuracy is increasingly recognized as a feature in the pathophysiology of multiple clinical and subclinical conditions. However, existing methods for assessing interoceptive accuracy have limitations that may constrain research progress. This study presents the first electrocardiogram-based implementation of the phase adjustment task (PAT-ECG), a rigorous measure of cardiac interoceptive accuracy, and provides the materials and experimental code for its use. Similar to existing PAT implementations, the task presents tones at each participant's heart rate and requires them to adjust the phase of the tone to synchronize it with their heartbeats. Crucially, this implementation replaces the photoplethysmographic signal used in previous implementations with ECG, enabling superior temporal resolution and more precise triggering via the R-wave peak. We additionally introduce a novel phase-delay timing procedure during task execution and explore new data-analytic approaches. Data from 91 participants are used to demonstrate the task, and eight options for classifying individuals as interoceptive or non-interoceptive are evaluated. Seventeen percent of participants were classified as interoceptive at rest via PAT-ECG. Findings extend evidence for distinct variable-period and fixed-period interoceptive pathways. Weighting trials by confidence ratings further influenced interoceptive accuracy scores. The original PAT represented a significant advancement in cardiac interoceptive accuracy assessment; this open-access ECG-based implementation extends PAT methodological precision, providing an even more rigorous assessment tool for further advancing interoception theories and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG Signatures Support a Shrinking Spotlight of Attention After Errors.","authors":"Mark Lavelle, Alexander Fengler, Andrew Zhang, James F Cavanagh","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Errors inhibit attainment of our goals, but there are many ways to get back on track: from increased caution to heightened attention. In this report we examined EEG signatures of control and perception in 21 participants who completed a luminance-varying flanker task. Hierarchical Sequential Sample Modeling with a shrinking spotlight model was used for algorithmic decomposition of post-error adjustments. Control-related changes included a relationship between frontal midline theta power and raised decision threshold, as well as faster drift rate. Yet contrary to our hypothesis, these relationships were not significantly modulated following an error. Perceptual changes elicited by the luminance manipulation scaled with posterior alpha/beta power; both these extrinsic and intrinsic features loaded on an enhanced drift rate. Most importantly, after an error, this relationship between alpha/beta power and drift rate was enhanced. These findings support separate roles of neural systems in adaptive control: midfrontal regions were linked to generic control, whereas sensory-specific mechanisms of attentional adjustment were specifically recruited to boost evidence accumulation when control is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 10","pages":"e70418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Posture-Related Differences in Pain Perception and Their Mediation by Cardiovascular Factors.","authors":"Gustavo A Reyes Del Paso, Dolores Santiago, Belén Moreno, Casandra I Montoro, Stefan Duschek, Dmitry M Davydov","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70400","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain modulation arising from the cardiovascular system has repeatedly been described. It is mediated by the baroreceptor system, where the activity of baroreceptor afferents inhibits nociception. Body posture changes cause blood volume redistribution that might modulate baroreceptor activity and antinociceptive effects. This study investigated posture-related differences in pain perception and their causation by cardiovascular factors. Pressure pain threshold and tolerance and pain intensity ratings were obtained in 83 healthy individuals (61 women and 22 men) while they were sitting, lying down and standing. Electrocardiography, impedance cardiography and continuous blood pressure were recorded in each posture. Pain threshold was higher while lying down than standing, and pain tolerance was higher while lying down than standing and sitting. Pain intensity ratings for suprathreshold stimulation (4 kg/cm²) were higher while standing than sitting and lying down. Blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and baroreflex sensitivity decreased while standing and increased while lying down. Blood pressure was positively associated with pain threshold in men, but not in women. Total peripheral resistance was positively associated with pain threshold and tolerance and blood pressure was negatively related to pain intensity ratings in the total sample. Lying down is associated with increased venous return, central blood volume and higher baroreceptor load, which may result in stronger antinociceptive effects. The opposite changes along with baroreceptor unloading occur while standing. Assuming a supine position is a functional human response to alleviate acute pain. However, in terms of negative reinforcement, pain reduction while lying down may contribute to passive coping behaviors in chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring EEG and ECG in Music Listening: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Scott R Leimroth, Robert J Barry, Frances M De Blasio, Timothy P Byron","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70385","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Music listening, a common daily activity recognized for its emotional impact and ability to evoke memories, engages physiological and psychological processes. Concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) during music listening can inform our understanding of these processes. However, the insights offered by such simultaneous recordings, and the extent to which existing studies align with published methodological guidelines, remain unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed research examining physiological responses to passive music listening using combined EEG and ECG measures in healthy adult non-musicians. A structured search of five databases identified 18 papers. Data on methods, participant demographics, musical stimuli, and EEG/ECG measures were extracted and compared against established guidelines to clarify the studies' methodological rigor. EEG findings were highly heterogeneous, spanning spectral power, lateralized effects, and event-related potentials, with limited overlap in analytical focus. Cardiac outcomes were similarly mixed, with studies reporting increases, decreases, or no change in heart rate depending on stimulus and context. Only a small subset of studies examined brain-heart coupling directly, with preliminary evidence of synchronization between neural and cardiac rhythms during music listening, leaving the central question of how brain and heart respond together to music largely open. Our review identified significant methodological inconsistencies and a lack of integration between the two measures, highlighting the challenges of this interdisciplinary research. Advancing research in both music and psychophysiology requires improving alignment between methodologies from these distinct areas by following established standards. These findings highlight a critical need for greater methodological standardization to build a more reliable and replicable understanding of music's psychophysiological effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placebo Analgesia Does Not Generalize From Pain to Interoceptive Abilities: A Preregistered Exploratory Study.","authors":"Helena Hartmann, Alessio Proposito, Federica Riva, Claus Lamm","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70391","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Placebo pills reliably reduce pain. Pain perception is tied to increased arousal and heart rate. Heart rate perception is, in turn, closely related to interoceptive signals processing, for example, pain and autonomic regulation. However, no studies so far have systematically examined the generalizing versus specific effects of placebo analgesia in transferring from pain to the interoception of cardiac signals. In this preregistered, exploratory study, we aim to investigate whether the placebo analgesia effect on pain may generalize to the perception of one's own heartbeat. We recruited 88 healthy participants (47 female, 41 male), of which half (23 female, 21 male) underwent a deceptive placebo analgesia induction. Using the Heartbeat Counting Task and the MAIA questionnaire, we derived three interoceptive dimensions: interoceptive accuracy, sensibility (at both task-related and trait levels), and awareness. Despite a robust placebo analgesia effect, no difference between the placebo and the control group was found in any of the interoceptive dimensions. These findings were supported by post hoc Bayesian analyses, which indicated moderate evidence for this absence of a group difference. Our findings thus do not indicate a generalization of the placebo analgesia effect from pain to cardiac interoceptive awareness. Studies such as the present one are important to better understand the perception of different bodily systems and their connection in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Responses to Auditory, Visual, and Auditory Imagery Triggers in Misophonia.","authors":"Xuan Yang, Sewon Oh, Douglas H Wedell, Svetlana V Shinkareva","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70390","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Misophonia is characterized by decreased tolerance to specific trigger sounds, yet the underlying physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Misophonic responses are also often reported to be elicited not only by the auditory triggers themselves, but also by visual cues associated with those sounds. However, direct empirical evidence for visual cues associated with auditory triggers remains limited. Moreover, it is not known if misophonic responses can be elicited in the absence of any sensory input, such as during auditory mental imagery. The present study systematically examined physiological responses to misophonic trigger stimuli across auditory and visual sensory modalities, as well as auditory imagery, using multi-channel psychophysiological measures and both trial-wise and time-resolved approaches. Individuals with misophonia and matched control participants were exposed to trigger, generally aversive, and non-aversive stimuli presented in auditory, visual (silent video), and auditory imagery conditions. Physiological responses were recorded across five channels, including electromyographic activity over corrugator supercilii (EMGc) and zygomaticus major (EMGz) muscles, electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate (HR), and fingertip skin temperature. Compared with generally aversive stimuli, auditory trigger sounds elicited significantly greater physiological responses in individuals with misophonia than in control participants, characterized by increased EMGc, EMGz, EDA, and HR, indicating heightened affective and autonomic engagement beyond general aversiveness. Silent visual trigger cues also evoked greater trigger-specific physiological responses, although these effects were observed in fewer physiological channels (primarily EMGc and HR). Auditory mental imagery produced weaker group-level physiological effects, with significant differentiation limited to EDA. Across all three modalities, greater trial-wise subjective distress was consistently associated with greater EMGc, EMGz, and EDA responses, as well as greater HR responses in the auditory and visual modalities, indicating a close correspondence between physiological activation and the subjective experience of misophonic distress. In contrast, physiological overactivation was not significantly associated with overall misophonia severity or auditory imagery ability. Together, these findings provide the most comprehensive characterization to date of peripheral physiological responses in misophonia across auditory and visual perception, as well as auditory imagery. They demonstrate that misophonia is characterized by exaggerated affective and autonomic physiological responses to trigger sounds, extend this response profile to silent visual cues associated with trigger sounds, and provide initial evidence that auditory mental imagery can engage selected components of the misophonic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward an Understanding of the Psychological Meaning of Physiological Synchrony.","authors":"Chad Danyluck, Nissa Doyle, Tyler Thorne, Andy Adler","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physiological synchrony-coordinated changes in physiological activity between individuals-is a frequently studied yet variably interpreted phenomenon in psychological science. Decades of research show that physiological synchrony is ubiquitous across relationship and social contexts, but consensus remains elusive about what it means psychologically. We advance an inferential framework for mapping observed synchrony to warranted psychological conclusions by importing classical principles of psychophysiological inference into the interpersonal domain. Building on Cacioppo and Tassinary's logic of inference, we treat physiological synchrony as an empirical pattern whose meaning depends on three constraints: specificity (which psychological processes remain plausible given the physiological pattern and plausible alternatives), generality (the contexts, relationships, and timescales over which an interpretation should hold), and sensitivity (detectability of the theoretically relevant dynamics given measurement and modeling choices). We ground these constraints in principles of autonomic organization, emphasizing how physiological ambiguity and modes of control shape what synchrony can and cannot mean. We use established approaches to pattern-based psychophysiological inference, including autonomic modes (i.e., configurations of sympathetic-parasympathetic control) and the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat, to illustrate how multivariate physiological profiles and theoretically relevant contextual information can constrain psychological interpretation. We further argue that model class is an inferential commitment: choices about sampling rate, observation window, preprocessing, and whether coupling is modeled as contemporaneous, lagged, or dynamical determine which forms of coordination are detectable and which interpersonal processes remain viable candidates for interpretation. By integrating contemporary synchrony approaches within this inferential framework, we provide conceptual and methodological guidance for clarifying when physiological synchrony supports strong psychological inference and for specifying the boundary conditions under which those interpretations should generalize.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working Memory Load Reduces the Electrocortical Processing of Negative Pictures but Accentuates Their Processing at Subsequent Viewing.","authors":"Ha Jeong Park, T Bryan Jackson, Annmarie MacNamara","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive load can reduce attention to negative stimuli, but its utility as an emotion regulation strategy may depend on whether it functions like avoidance, leading to short-term reductions in stimulus salience that nonetheless preserve or even heighten response to stimuli at subsequent encounters. Here, 73 participants performed a working memory task interspersed with negative and neutral pictures, prior to viewing the same pictures again alongside new negative and neutral pictures in a surprise recognition task. During the first task, working memory load reduced picture processing, replicating prior findings. During the second task, negative pictures that had previously been presented under high-load and new negative pictures were processed similarly, receiving more attentional resources than negative pictures that had been presented under low-load. Subjective picture ratings showed similar results, with negative pictures that had previously been presented under high-load rated as more arousing than those that had been presented under low-load, and indistinguishable from new negative pictures. Negative pictures that had previously been presented on high-load compared to low-load trials also had lower recognition accuracy. The overall direction of effects differed for neutral compared to negative pictures, but pictures that had been presented under high working memory resembled new pictures in the responses they elicited across both picture types. For negative stimuli, results suggest a mechanism through which disengaged emotion regulation strategies may fail to attenuate and may even increase emotional responses to stimuli when encountered again outside of the initial regulation context.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychobiological and Metabolic Correlates of Time Perception in Humans: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Darshana Kapri, Gabriel Sturm, Catherine Kelly, Ke Bo, Cynthia C Liu, Tor D Wager, Michio Hirano, Caroline Trumpff, Martin Picard","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70383","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Time perception-the subjective sense of how quickly or consistently time passes-shows striking variability across individuals, yet its physiological basis remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that internal clock speed and trial-to-trial variability in time perception would be linked to physiological and behavioral states. In a cohort of healthy adults (n = 59) and individuals carrying rare mitochondrial DNA mutations affecting mitochondrial energy transformation (n = 36), we explored the associations between time perception (time estimation and production) with measures of immune mitochondrial bioenergetics, blood catecholamines, working memory, and structural and functional neuroimaging. We found weak evidence suggesting that internal clock speed and time perception variability correlated with age and physiological metrics including resting energy expenditure, serum and urine norepinephrine levels, mood and fatigue, working memory performance, and neuroimaging measures of brain structure and function. Individuals with mitochondrial disorders and those with healthy mitochondria exhibited no main difference in time perception. However, they exhibited differential relations with physiological and neural variables, suggesting that mitochondria may moderate how specific processes influence time perception. These results provide a foundation for future studies to examine how cellular bioenergetics relate to time perception in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"blenderFaceUV: Toward Marker-Based Precision and Flexibility in Facial Tracking With \"Invisible\" Markers.","authors":"Axel Zinkernagel, Rainer W Alexandrowicz, Dennis Küster, Manfred Schmitt, Tanja Lischetzke","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70394","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>blenderFace is a highly precise marker-based approach for measuring facial activity. Unlike most camera-based automated facial expression recognition (AFER) systems, which rely on fixed natural landmarks, blenderFace flexibly tracks virtually any point of interest using painted markers. However, visible markers, like EMG electrodes, may alter appearance, increase self-awareness, and affect spontaneous responding in face-to-face interactions. To address these limitations, we introduce blenderFaceUV, which uses sunscreen-based markers that are visible only under ultraviolet (UV) light (365 nm). In Study 1, we assessed UV-marker tracking accuracy using parallel visible-light and UV recordings from two participants. In Study 2, we examined the scalability of blenderFaceUV in N = 18 lay participants prompted to produce a broad range of facial movements using common emotion terms. We also compared identical facial movements measured with blenderFaceUV and OpenFace, a widely used AFER system based on a point distribution model (PDM). Study 1 showed that UV markers could be tracked with similarly high accuracy as visible markers (reprojection/solve error < 0.3 pixels). Across 10 markers and two participants, with more than 3800 measurement occasions per participant, the mean correlation between visible and UV marker movements across the x- and y-coordinates was r = 0.957, while centered RMSE values indicated average deviations of approximately 1 mm. Study 2 demonstrated the scalability of the method and revealed PDM-related artifacts in OpenFace measurements, particularly during eye blinks and large mouth movements. PDM-interpolated landmarks, such as upper-lip markers, also deviated substantially from marker-based blenderFaceUV measurements. Practical challenges remain, including the complexity of applying invisible markers and the relatively high cost of UV cameras (≈$2000-$6000). We discuss technical requirements, limitations, and a recommended workflow for implementing blenderFaceUV.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13594373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}