Audrey Murray, Yasmine Zerroug, Isabelle Soulières, Dave Saint-Amour
{"title":"The Role of Fronto-Central Theta Oscillations in Inter-Sensory Selective Attention.","authors":"Audrey Murray, Yasmine Zerroug, Isabelle Soulières, Dave Saint-Amour","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selective attention supports top-down control by biasing information processing toward stimuli that are potentially relevant to the immediate goal. It has been recently proposed that theta band oscillations (~4-8 Hz) in the frontal midline regions are a key mechanism of endogenous selective attention. The current electroencephalography study investigated theta oscillatory dynamics using an inter-sensory cueing paradigm in which a symbolic cue indicated, on a trial-by-trial basis, the modality (visual or auditory) of the upcoming discrimination task. Time-frequency analyses were used to quantify phase- (evoked) and non-phase-locked (induced) fronto-central theta activity during preparatory attentional states. In a sample of 20 young adult participants, we found that those who relied on the cues to selectively attend to the sensory modality of the discrimination task performed more efficiently (i.e., faster and with greater accuracy) and presented greater non-phase-locked fronto-central theta power 200-400 ms post-cue onset. Moreover, greater non-phase-locked theta oscillations were associated with better behavioral performance. Secondary analyses on alpha oscillations revealed concomitant brain activity to theta with a pronounced decrease in alpha power in fronto-central regions, without significant effect on task performance. These findings suggest that increased non-phase-locked fronto-central theta oscillations are a neuronal correlate of preparatory attentional control and that the interplay of theta-alpha rhythms differentially contributes to attentional and perceptual aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 4","pages":"e70055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11980533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Rominger, Andreas Fink, Corinna M Perchtold-Stefan, Laurenz Schlögl, Andreas R Schwerdtfeger
{"title":"The Interoceptive Brain: Confidence Ratings and Accuracy Scores are Independently and Differently Associated With Task-Related Alpha Power During the Heartbeat Tracking Task.","authors":"Christian Rominger, Andreas Fink, Corinna M Perchtold-Stefan, Laurenz Schlögl, Andreas R Schwerdtfeger","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac interoception is important for health and can be assessed in terms of accuracy (IAcc) and sensibility (IS), at least. While IAcc measures the correspondence between recorded and perceived heartbeats, IS means the confidence in interoceptive perceptions during the task. The present study investigated if brain activity during the heartbeat tracking task is associated with IAcc as well as IS. Specifically, we were interested if task-related power (TRP) in the alpha band (8-12 Hz), known to indicate task-specific cognitive functions such as semantic, attentional, and sensory processes, is associated with IAcc and IS, respectively. In a sample of 30 participants, we found relatively higher TRP in the alpha band over left temporal and parietal areas (vs. right) during the interoception task. Furthermore, we observed a negative association between TRP in the alpha band and IS. Lower TRP in the alpha band might indicate that more pronounced cognitive and sensory processes are linked to higher IS. Furthermore, we found a positive effect for IAcc (independent from IS), which might indicate that more internal attention during the interoception task is beneficial for IAcc. We further discuss the findings in the context of methodological issues of the heartbeat tracking task. Taken together, the pattern of findings favors the investigation of task-related IS (i.e., confidence ratings) in combination with IAcc to gain a better access to interoceptive processes and to improve our understanding of the neural underpinnings of (cardiac) interoception.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 4","pages":"e70051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina M Sheerin, Ashlee A Moore, Chelsea Sawyers, Robert Kirkpatrick, John M Hettema, Roxann Roberson-Nay
{"title":"Genetic and Environmental Influences on Fear Learning and Generalization.","authors":"Christina M Sheerin, Ashlee A Moore, Chelsea Sawyers, Robert Kirkpatrick, John M Hettema, Roxann Roberson-Nay","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how excessive fear responses develop and persist is critical. Research using laboratory models of fear learning offers valuable insights on etiology. In this study, the influence of genetic and environmental etiology of baseline startle response and fear learning was examined, focusing on fear acquisition and generalization processes using the fear conditioning paradigm measuring fear-potentiated startle (FPS) in a sample of adolescents and young adult twins (15-20 years old). Participants (N = 794) completed fear acquisition and generalization training that consisted of quasi-randomly presented rings of gradually increasing size. The extreme sizes served as conditioned danger cues (CS+) paired with electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned safety cues (CS-), with rings of intermediary size serving as generalization stimuli. As an index of fear learning, FPS was measured using the magnitude of eyeblink startle reflex to a sound probe. Twin model estimates indicated that both pre-acquisition startle (startle probe responses to stimuli prior to conditioning) and FPS (startle probe responses after conditioning during acquisition and generalization) exhibited modest to moderate heritability (26%-43%), aligning with previous studies on FPS. We also observed that the genetic influences on FPS were highly correlated with pre-acquisition startle, indicating minimal genetic innovation on FPS. This finding implies that fear responses might be regulated, from a genetic perspective, by general startle response as opposed to specific fear-learning-related factors. We discuss the resulting implications for measurement of biomarkers for fear and anxiety disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 4","pages":"e70052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca Aprile, Marco Simões, Jorge Henriques, Paulo Carvalho, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Alejandra Sel, Maria J Ribeiro
{"title":"The Heartbeat-Evoked Potential in Young and Older Adults During Attention Orienting.","authors":"Francesca Aprile, Marco Simões, Jorge Henriques, Paulo Carvalho, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Alejandra Sel, Maria J Ribeiro","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac cycle duration, or interbeat interval (IBI), is the period from one heartbeat to the next. IBI changes from cycle to cycle. Periods with longer IBI are associated with higher sensitivity to external sensory stimuli (exteroception). Warning cues induce a state of attentive anticipation characterized by an increase in IBI (anticipatory cardiac deceleration) and faster reaction times. Aging reduces the increase in IBI induced by warning cues and response speed. However, it is unclear which mechanism, if any, connects IBI with reaction time. The heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) is a cortical response evoked by the heartbeat, modulated by attention and associated with sensitivity to external sensory stimuli. HEP might be affected by IBI and mediate the association between cardiac output and cortical processing. We investigated if the HEP was affected by warning cues as well as spontaneous fluctuations in IBI. To explore the impact of age-related changes in cardiac responses, we included young and older people (N = 33/29; 26/23 women; mean age 23/61 years). We analyzed the electroencephalograms and electrocardiograms simultaneously acquired during auditory cued simple reaction time and go/no-go tasks. The warning cue did not induce significant changes in the HEP. Yet, fluctuations in IBI (not locked with the warning cue) affected the HEP, and HEP amplitude was associated with average reaction time in the older group. However, on a trial-by-trial basis, reaction time was independent from IBI fluctuations. In conclusion, we found no evidence that the HEP mediates the effect of attention orienting on reaction time.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 4","pages":"e70057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matt R Judah, Hannah C Hamrick, Benjamin Swanson, Morgan S Middlebrooks, Grant S Shields
{"title":"Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty Uniquely Explain the Association of the Late Positive Potential With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms.","authors":"Matt R Judah, Hannah C Hamrick, Benjamin Swanson, Morgan S Middlebrooks, Grant S Shields","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies suggest that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms are related to late positive potential (LPP) responses to negative images, suggesting greater attention. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) are cognitive factors in GAD vulnerability that may be activated by negative stimuli, thereby explaining why the LPP and GAD symptoms are related. We examined whether AS and IU explain the association of the LPP with GAD symptoms. Eighty-seven (77% women) young adults viewed 60 negative and 60 neutral images. The LPP was examined using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. This revealed unique indirect effects of the LPP on GAD symptoms through AS and IU. Neither indirect effect was stronger, and the indirect effects were present regardless of using frequentist or Bayesian analyses or quantifying the LPP using residual-based scores or difference scores. The indirect effects predicted not only GAD symptoms but social anxiety and depression as well, consistent with the role of AS and IU in transdiagnostic vulnerability. The findings support AS and IU as links that explain how attention to negative stimuli is related not only to GAD symptoms but to other internalizing symptoms as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 4","pages":"e70044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madita Röhlinger, Christine Albrecht, Christian Bellebaum
{"title":"The Role of the N170 in Linking Stimuli to Feedback-Effects of Stimulus Modality and Feedback Delay.","authors":"Madita Röhlinger, Christine Albrecht, Christian Bellebaum","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With increasing feedback delay, feedback processing appears to shift from the striatum to the hippocampus. In addition, higher-order sensory areas might be involved in bridging a temporal gap between stimulus and feedback by reactivating the representation of the feedback-predicting stimulus during feedback processing. We hypothesized that the feedback-locked N170, an occipito-temporal event-related potential (ERP) component linked to higher-order visual processing, is more pronounced when delayed feedback is provided for choices between visual compared to auditory stimuli. 35 subjects completed a probabilistic feedback learning task with immediate (1 s) and delayed (7 s) monetary feedback for choices between visual or auditory stimuli. Participants successfully learned to choose the more rewarding stimuli irrespective of stimulus modality. For the N170 amplitude over the right hemisphere, we found an interaction between feedback timing and the modality of the chosen stimulus. Only for delayed feedback, the N170 was more pronounced for choices between visual than auditory stimuli. Moreover, in this condition, the N170 amplitude particularly reflected the reward prediction error (PE), with larger amplitudes for positive PEs and lower amplitudes for negative PEs. This suggests that the N170 reflects feedback-locked reactivations in higher-order visual areas mediated by the reward PE. While these effects need to be studied further, we discuss the N170 as a counterpart to the feedback-related negativity (FRN) regarding interacting influences of feedback valence, feedback timing, and PE.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 4","pages":"e70050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Matyjek, Nico Bast, Salvador Soto Faraco
{"title":"Preference for Social Motion in Autistic Adults.","authors":"Magdalena Matyjek, Nico Bast, Salvador Soto Faraco","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism is often linked to attenuated social attention, including a lowered looking preference for biological motion in autistic compared to non-autistic children. This looking preference has been suggested as an autism marker in childhood. However, few studies have investigated whether this bias persists into adulthood. Furthermore, the underlying cognitive mechanism of this group difference is largely unknown. Pupillary responses have been established as an index of salience processing and are thus a promising measurement of the cognitive bases of looking preference. The present study examined differences in looking preference and pupillary responses to social versus geometric motion between autistic and non-autistic adults (N = 66). In terms of preference, autistic adults demonstrated a reduced spontaneous looking toward social stimuli compared to the non-autistic group. Whereas the former displayed no clear preference for either motion type, the latter showed a strong preference for social motion. In terms of pupillary responses, the autistic group showed faster and larger pupil dilation for social motion compared to the non-autistic group, which indicated heightened cognitive effort and arousal. These results suggest persistent differences in social attention across the developmental lifespan in autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 4","pages":"e70053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder Using Random Forest Based on Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability.","authors":"Wanlin Chen, Haisi Chen, Haoxuan Ruan, Wenchen Jiang, Cheng Chen, Moya Xu, Yifei Xu, Hang Chen, Zhenghe Yu, Shulin Chen","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents is often underdiagnosed, with the current diagnosis predominantly relying on subjective assessment. Sleep disturbance and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) have been typically observed in adolescents with MDD. This study aimed to develop an automatic classification model based on nocturnal HRV features to identify adolescent MDD. Sixty-three subjects, including depressed adolescents and healthy controls, participated in the study and completed a three-night sleep electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, yielding 160 overnight RR interval time series and 7520 5-min short-term segments for analysis. Nineteen HRV features were extracted from the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear dynamics. The Bayesian-optimized random forest (BO-RF) algorithm was applied as the classifier, with performance evaluated using ten-fold cross-validation. The impact of data accumulation on the reliability of identification using short-term data and the importance of features were also examined. The BO-RF classifier based on long-term features achieved a noteworthy predictive accuracy of 80.6%, and the performance of the classifier using short-term data showed a significant improvement when more segment outcomes from the same night were included, ultimately achieving an accuracy of 75.0%. The Poincaré plot-derived features, especially heart rate asymmetry (HRA) features such as C1<sub>d</sub>, significantly contributed to distinguishing depressed adolescents from healthy subjects. Nocturnal HRV features can effectively differentiate adolescents with MDD from healthy controls. This study provides a promising diagnostic approach for adolescent MDD, with the potential to be integrated into wearable devices for broader application.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan C Stuart, Brett J Peters, Peggy M Zoccola, Ashley Tudder, Jeremy P Jamieson
{"title":"Interpersonal Conversations Are Characterized by Increases in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia.","authors":"Nathan C Stuart, Brett J Peters, Peggy M Zoccola, Ashley Tudder, Jeremy P Jamieson","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple theoretical perspectives connect vagally mediated heart rate variability, or respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and self-regulatory and interpersonal processes. Together they suggest that self-regulatory effort and positive social experiences may lead to short-term increases in RSA, which in turn are related to adaptive emotional, social, and physical functioning. However, the extant literature on adult social interactions does not clearly support this premise. To study the connections between dyadic social interactions and phasic changes in RSA, the current research examined 356 dyads (712 adults between 18 and 36 years; 50% males, 50% females) across three studies in which participants engaged in face-to-face social interactions in a laboratory setting. Relationship type and conversation context varied across studies, and high-frequency power was used to estimate RSA across resting baseline, anticipatory periods, and conversation tasks. Analyses indicated that anticipation of and engagement in dyadic social interactions were associated with an increase in RSA from a resting baseline. The mean estimated effect size for anticipation was r = 0.50, and the mean estimated effect size for conversation was r = 0.34. Associations were robust across relationship types, including strangers and romantic couples, conversation context, including topic and valence, and across speaking and listening roles. The present research provides consistent evidence for increased RSA in anticipation of and during in-person social interactions among adults, prompting the need for further investigation into potential underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veera Ruuskanen, C Nico Boehler, Sebastiaan Mathôt
{"title":"The Interplay of Spontaneous Pupil-Size Fluctuations and EEG Power in Near-Threshold Detection.","authors":"Veera Ruuskanen, C Nico Boehler, Sebastiaan Mathôt","doi":"10.1111/psyp.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/psyp.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detection of near-threshold stimuli depends on the properties of the stimulus and the state of the observer. In visual detection tasks, improved accuracy is associated with larger prestimulus pupil size. However, it is still unclear whether this association is due to optical effects (more light entering the eye), correlations with arousal, correlations with cortical excitability (as reflected in alpha power), or a mix of these. To better understand this, we investigated the relative contributions of pupil size and power in the alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands on near-threshold detection. We found that larger prestimulus pupil size is associated with improved accuracy and more stimulus-present responses, and these effects were not mediated by spectral power in the EEG. Pupil size was also positively correlated with power in the beta and alpha bands. Taken together, our results show an independent effect of pupil size on detection performance that is not driven by cortical excitability but may be driven by optical effects, physiological arousal, or a mix of both.</p>","PeriodicalId":20913,"journal":{"name":"Psychophysiology","volume":"62 3","pages":"e70035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}