Vision Research最新文献

Summation of contrast across the visual field: A common “fourth root” rule holds from the fovea to the periphery 整个视野的对比总和：从中央凹到周围有一个共同的“第四根”规则

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108784

Alex S. Baldwin , Tim S. Meese

{"title":"Summation of contrast across the visual field: A common “fourth root” rule holds from the fovea to the periphery","authors":"Alex S. Baldwin , Tim S. Meese","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing the area of grating-like stimuli reduces their contrast detection thresholds. Characterising the visual system’s summation rule this way provides insights into early visual architecture. Previous work in the fovea has found linear summation over short distances, consistent with integration within the receptive fields of early cortical neurons. Beyond this range, the benefit of stimulus area is reduced. Here, we investigated whether the same integration rule holds for stimulus elongations centred at different positions across the visual field. We did this for “tiger tail” strips of grating (growing orthogonally to the major axis of the early receptive fields) in the fovea, parafovea (3 deg), and periphery (10.5 deg). The interpretation of results from previous studies has been complicated by variation in local contrast sensitivity across the visual field. We addressed this here by using detailed maps of the inhomogeneity for each participant (their “witch hat”) to generate “compensated” stimuli where the stimulus contrast was amplified by the reciprocal of their local sensitivity. Our results followed a common fourth-root summation rule for tiger-tails in the fovea, parafovea, and periphery. We explained this by a “noisy energy” model that combined: i) a “witch hat” sensitivity surface, ii) linear filtering by receptive fields, iii) square-law contrast transduction, and iv) an internal template to direct the observer’s attention to the spatial extent of the stimulus. Fitting this model with a single global sensitivity parameter accounted for foveal and parafoveal results (56 thresholds), with one further parameter needed to model the periphery (84 thresholds).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 108784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a novel dichoptic reading tool to improve vision in amblyopia 一种改善弱视视力的新型双视阅读工具的研制。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108761

Nicole A. Dranitsaris , Alex S. Baldwin , Robert F. Hess , Alexandre Reynaud

{"title":"Development of a novel dichoptic reading tool to improve vision in amblyopia","authors":"Nicole A. Dranitsaris , Alex S. Baldwin , Robert F. Hess , Alexandre Reynaud","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in the treatment of amblyopia have adapted visual media (video games and movies) into dichoptic tasks to promote binocular function. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a treatment based on another important daily task: reading. We propose that dichoptic e-book applications may serve as an alternative treatment for binocular vision in amblyopia.</div><div>We developed a prototype of a dichoptic e-book reading application (D.E.B.R.A), that was installed on Android tablets used for participant assessments. Participants read e-books in anaglyph red/green/black presentation, which allowed for monocular and binocular contrast to be adjusted independently. Amblyopic and control participants were then tested on their reading speed and questioned about their comfort using the application.</div><div>We found that participants were able to read in the dichoptic presentation, albeit slower than when the books were presented in the typical “binocular” form. This suggests that the visual system can integrate information from both eyes to support reading. For some amblyopic participants, reducing the contrast of text seen by the fellow eye increased their reading speed in accordance with current research on balancing the contrast of the two eyes to unlock binocularity. At the end of each session, participants provided feedback on their comfort using the application.</div><div>Overall, this study demonstrated that amblyopes can read with both eyes when text is presented in a dichoptic format. Thus, our findings suggests that the dichoptic e-book reading application could provide an effective framework for an amblyopia treatment protocol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-term axial eye length changes after imposed defocus in emmetropes, myopes and hyperopes 近视眼、近视眼和远视眼离焦后眼轴长度的短期变化。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108779

Lea Ingrassia , Frank Schaeffel

{"title":"Short-term axial eye length changes after imposed defocus in emmetropes, myopes and hyperopes","authors":"Lea Ingrassia , Frank Schaeffel","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-term axial eye length changes in response to imposed positive and negative defocus were compared in hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic young adults to learn about possible differences in emmetropization. Thirty-seven subjects (average age: 28 ± 4 years) participated: emmetropes (n = 15), myopes (n = 15), and hyperopes (n = 7). They viewed a 30-minute movie on a large TV screen (65″) at 2-meter distance (equivalent to −0.5D) with optical corrections, while a + 3.5 D (myopic defocus) or −3.5 D (hyperopic defocus) lens was added in the right eye. A subset of myopes (n = 14) was also tested with −2 D lenses. Axial length was measured in both eyes before and after viewing using the Haag-Streit Lenstar LS 900. With + 3.5 D myopic defocus, emmetropes (−9.7 ± 13.1 µm) and hyperopes (−8.9 ± 5.6 µm) exhibited significant axial shortening, while myopes (−1.1 ± 10.2 µm) did not. Hyperopes and myopes differed significantly, but emmetropes and hyperopes did not. With −3.5 D hyperopic defocus, both emmetropic (+5.0 ± 7.5 µm) and hyperopic eyes (+6.6 ± 6.9 µm) elongated, indicating that their retina distinguished positive from negative defocus. Myopic eyes displayed paradoxical axial eye shortening (−7.1 ± 8.6 µm). Hyperopes and myopes differed significantly, but emmetropes and hyperopes did not. Reducing the lens power to −2 D abolished the shortening in myopes. Group data indicate bidirectional, sign-of-defocus-dependent axial length changes occur in both emmetropic and hyperopic eyes, indicating similar retinal function. Myopes showed reduced or even reversed responses, showing a functional deficiency in the myopic retina.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual performance measured under simulated atmospheric blue haze conditions is improved through the addition of a HEV-filtering additive to soft contact lenses 通过在软性隐形眼镜中添加hev过滤添加剂，在模拟大气蓝色雾霾条件下测量的视觉性能得到改善。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108781

Lisa M. Renzi-Hammond , John R. Buch , Patricia Martin , Wright Shamp , Jacob B. Harth , Billy R. Hammond

{"title":"Visual performance measured under simulated atmospheric blue haze conditions is improved through the addition of a HEV-filtering additive to soft contact lenses","authors":"Lisa M. Renzi-Hammond , John R. Buch , Patricia Martin , Wright Shamp , Jacob B. Harth , Billy R. Hammond","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blue haze (BH) is a significant factor that limits visual range outdoors by reducing the contrast of distant objects. This study evaluated how varying the intensity of veiling light, filtered to approximate the blue haze spectrum, affected visual performance in participants wearing either clear or high energy visible (HEV)-filtering contact lenses. A total of 121 participants (mean age 33.8 ± 13.6 years) were tested using a stratified, controlled, prospective, double-masked, randomized, bilateral crossover design. Participants completed two visits, each time wearing either HEV-filtering or clear lenses on both eyes, with lens type counterbalanced across visits. Three lens designs were evaluated: spherical (n = 41), multifocal (n = 40), and toric (n = 40). Visual performance was measured with a custom optical apparatus that measured peak contrast sensitivity with an ancillary xenon light channel filtered to mimic blue haze. The intensity of veiling light required to obscure a grating target served as the primary outcome, expressed as log relative energy (LRE). Across all lens types, participants could tolerate significantly more veiling light when wearing HEV-filtering lenses compared to clear controls. LRE differences were 0.22 for spherical, 0.16 for multifocal, and 0.21 for toric lenses, corresponding to performance improvements of 6.9%, 5.3%, and 6.6%, respectively. These findings suggest that incorporating HEV-filtering technology into soft contact lenses can meaningfully enhance visual performance under conditions of atmospheric blue haze, with improvements aligning with the optical density of the HEV filter (∼0.22).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recovery of depth perception in adults with abnormal binocular vision 双眼视力异常的成人深度知觉的恢复

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108783

Jian Ding , Michelle Y. Ma , Hilary H. Lu , Benjamin T. Backus , Dennis M. Levi

{"title":"Recovery of depth perception in adults with abnormal binocular vision","authors":"Jian Ding , Michelle Y. Ma , Hilary H. Lu , Benjamin T. Backus , Dennis M. Levi","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our goal in this study was to determine the efficacy, time course and mechanisms underlying the improvement of stereo vision using 3D virtual reality (VR) games to improve depth perception in adults with a history of abnormal early visual experience due to strabismus, anisometropia and/or amblyopia. Participants engaged in 30 home-based training sessions, supplemented by 5 in-lab assessments to monitor progress. The training protocol utilized a diverse set of VR games targeting stereoacuity, anti-suppression, and binocular alignment. The stereo training games employed various depth cues to facilitate stereo vision recovery. Clinical, psychophysical and virtual reality tests were conducted to evaluate changes in stereoacuity, binocular balance, and interocular alignment. Results revealed significant improvements in stereoacuity for most participants following training, whereas outcomes for binocular balance and ocular alignment were more variable. Together, these findings suggest that VR-based training can reliably enhance stereoacuity in adults with abnormal visual histories, though individual variability highlights the need for personalized approaches and further investigation of underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ocular phenotypes associated with autism and atypical neurodevelopment: Insights from electronic health records 与自闭症和非典型神经发育相关的眼部表型：来自电子健康记录的见解

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108767

Antoinette S. DiCriscio , Julie-Anne Little , Vanessa Troiani

{"title":"Ocular phenotypes associated with autism and atypical neurodevelopment: Insights from electronic health records","authors":"Antoinette S. DiCriscio , Julie-Anne Little , Vanessa Troiani","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atypical visual perception is often described in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, few studies have characterized ocular conditions in ASD using basic vision metrics such as those collected in routine eye exams. The current study uses electronic health record (EHR) codes to establish ocular phenotypes across individuals with and without neurodevelopmental diagnoses, including ASD. Using a population health approach, we assessed ocular conditions (identified based on medical codes from the EHR) in N = 7518 pediatric patients across 4 groups: n = 1196 with ASD, n = 156 with Intellectual Disability (ID), n = 347 with Language Disorder (LD), and n = 5819 matched controls (MC). We grouped and summarized ocular conditions across 5 ocular classes, including: (1) Visual impairment; (2) Refractive error, Accommodative & Vergence disorders; (3) Eye movements, Strabismus & Oculomotor Disorders; (4) Retinal disorders & Ocular disease; (5) Photosensitivity & Atypical Pupil response. We find an increased rate of ocular conditions in diagnostic groups compared to matched controls across classes 1 and 3. This study highlights the use of EHR data to curate ocular condition metrics collected in clinical care. The characterization of ocular anomalies across categories using EHR data offers a scalable method to improve our understanding of vision phenotypes that may be present in children with ASD and other neurodevelopmental differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Face adaptation improves performance on a face search task 人脸自适应提高了人脸搜索任务的性能。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108782

Idris Shareef , Michael A Webster , Alireza Tavakkoli , Fang Jiang

{"title":"Face adaptation improves performance on a face search task","authors":"Idris Shareef , Michael A Webster , Alireza Tavakkoli , Fang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adaptation to faces produces large aftereffects in the appearance of subsequently viewed faces, yet the functional consequences of these aftereffects remain unclear. We investigated the effects of face adaptation on performance in face search and discrimination tasks. Participants searched for faces manipulated by varying the level of morphing between averaged White and Asian faces, and had to respond to a unique target face (morph level) among 5 distractor faces shown simultaneously. Before adaptation, reaction times averaged 4 or more seconds, implying that the stimuli were difficult to distinguish and that a serial search was required to scan each face in turn. Adaptation markedly reduced the search times (by roughly 2 s), with similar improvements after brief (12 s) or prolonged (20 min) adaptation periods, and with little effect on search accuracy. Separate measurements showed that the adaptation also produced large changes in facial appearance (as assessed by the perceived ethnicity category boundary), but did not affect thresholds for discriminating the face differences. These findings provide further evidence for the notion that adaptation heightens the salience of novel stimuli by renormalizing perception for the adapting stimuli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological correlates of feature synergy 特征协同的电生理相关

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108768

Cordula Hunt-Radej , Christoph Löffler , Mareike Hülsemann, Anna-Lena Schubert, Günter Meinhardt

{"title":"Electrophysiological correlates of feature synergy","authors":"Cordula Hunt-Radej , Christoph Löffler , Mareike Hülsemann, Anna-Lena Schubert, Günter Meinhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modulating textures jointly in orientation and spatial frequency makes them easily distinguishable from the surround. The performance benefit of double-cue targets in detection and discrimination tasks is stronger than expected from independent feature processing, known as “feature synergy”. To explore the neural origin of this effect, we had 38 observers perform a texture figure localization task and a more demanding shape identification task, while simultaneously recording EEG. The results showed a strong feature synergy effect in both tasks, which was accompanied by significantly reduced posterior ERP amplitudes in a cluster of 13 adjacent electrodes from the left, central and right occipital and central parieto-occipital lobes. The double-cue specific amplitude reduction occurred within a time window ranging from 200 to 290 ms around the P2 (TOI-1) and, to a lesser extent, at later times ranging from 290 to 380 ms, including the P3 peak (TOI-2). In TOI-1, but not in TOI-2, the cluster electrodes responded to enhanced figure-ground segregation and also encoded the perceptual summation of this effect for double-cue targets. Moreover, ERP reduction was stronger for localization than for shape identification in TOI-1, but the effect was reversed in TOI-2, where significant double-cue effects mainly concerned shape identification. Different task influences on the EEG correlate of feature synergy during earlier and later time periods indicate that fewer resources are necessary for a given task when targets are redundantly defined. This suggests an origin in sites where features and shapes are processed under attentional control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Altered retinal vasculature in amblyopia 弱视的视网膜血管改变。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108780

Rijul Saurabh Soans, Susana T.L. Chung

{"title":"Altered retinal vasculature in amblyopia","authors":"Rijul Saurabh Soans, Susana T.L. Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amblyopia is a developmental visual disorder characterized by reduced vision in one eye and has traditionally been considered a cortical condition, with no involvement of retinal structures or functions. However, recent evidence suggests that retinal vasculature may be affected in individuals with amblyopia. In this study, we investigated whether there are differences in richness and density of retinal blood vessels between individuals with amblyopia and normal controls. We used the Spatial Attention-UNet network to segment retinal blood vessels from OCT fundus images obtained from both amblyopic and fellow eyes of 23 adults with amblyopia (12 anisometropic; 11 strabismic) and the right eye of 40 control participants. We then used four features to quantify the segmented retinal vasculature: <em>vascular area</em> (number of pixels within segmented vessels), <em>fractal dimension</em> (a measurement of vascular network density distribution pattern), <em>vascular skeleton length</em> (pixel count of the skeletonized vessel tree), and number of <em>vascular bifurcation points</em> (branching complexity of the vessel skeleton). For our sample of amblyopic participants, we found no statistically significant differences between amblyopic and fellow eyes, or between anisometropic and strabismic groups, for the four vasculature features. Compared with normal control eyes, vascular area, fractal dimension and vascular skeleton length were all lower in <em>both</em> amblyopic and fellow eyes of amblyopic participants. These results indicate alterations in retinal vasculature in eyes (both amblyopic and fellow eyes) of individuals with amblyopia, suggesting that further research is warranted to investigate retinal vasculature as a potential biomarker for detecting and managing amblyopia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Midget ganglion cell anatomy and center structure: More complex than it looks 小神经节细胞解剖和中心结构：比看起来复杂

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108751

Barry B. Lee

{"title":"Midget ganglion cell anatomy and center structure: More complex than it looks","authors":"Barry B. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is usually assumed that the center of the midget ganglion cell in the primate retina derives input from a single cone in and near the fovea, providing a ‘private line to the brain’. Thus, the physiological center should have the dimensions of a single cone sampling aperture. Centers measured physiologically are much larger, partly due to optical blur. With retinal eccentricity, at 10 degrees eccentricity cones are larger but optics do not change much. Yet physiological centers have much increased in size and are still much larger than expected from the anatomy. As retinal eccentricity increases further, convergence of retinal bipolars begins and this convergence becomes more pronounced at greater eccentricities. With convergence from 2 to 3 midget bipolars onto a ganglion cell, markedly anisotropic centers would be expected physiologically, but have not been reported. Dendritic tree anisotropies would also be expected to cause center irregularities at even greater eccentricities. These discrepancies between anatomy and physiology have received little attention but from a functional perspective would seem critical for understanding processing of information in the midget ganglion cell system. The ‘private line’ hypothesis may have to reformulated to take these inconsistencies into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 108751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0