Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"Intravitreal AAV2 gene delivery to feline retinal ganglion cells","authors":"Kazuya Oikawa ,&nbsp;J.Seth Eaton ,&nbsp;Julie A. Kiland ,&nbsp;Odalys Torné ,&nbsp;Virginia Mathu ,&nbsp;Robert W. Nickells ,&nbsp;Gillian J. McLellan","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective strategies for the neuroprotection and preservation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) remain elusive in the management of glaucoma. A spontaneous genetic model of glaucoma has been identified in cats and extensively characterized as a viable translational model, with eye size and anatomy similar to humans. In this study we sought to establish initial proof of concept for gene delivery to feline RGCs via intravitreal injection of AAV2 in normal cats<em>.</em> Pre-retinal, posterior vitreal injection of AAV2/2-CMV-GFP, was performed overlying the area centralis in 5 adult cats. Immunosuppressive oral prednisolone was administered perioperatively and gradually tapered over 6-10wks post-injection. Ophthalmic examination was performed pre- and post-injection. The GFP reporter expression and morphological effects of viral transduction on the retina were monitored <em>in vivo</em> using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively (Spectralis OCT-HRA, Heidelberg), at 1-2wk intervals over 6-10wks. Full-field electroretinograms (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded at baseline and post-injection. Retinas were examined by histology and immunolabeling for the RGC marker RBPMS and Müller cell and astrocyte marker SOX9, and GFP expression was examined in the retina, optic nerve (ON), optic tract and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). GFP⁺ retinal cells and RGC axons were visualized by cSLO at 1–2 weeks post-injection. No retinal morphological changes were observed by OCT <em>in vivo</em> but 3/5 eyes exhibited mild retinal inflammation on histology. Retinal and ON function were preserved in injected eyes compared to baseline and untreated eyes. GFP expression was predominantly identified in RBPMS⁺ RGC cells as well as SOX9⁺ Müller cells. GFP fluorescence was observed throughout RGC nerve fiber tract in the central visual pathway. Peak transduction in RGCs (up to ∼ 20 %) was observed in the regions with high GFP expression, but &lt; 1 % of RGCs expressed GFP across the whole retina. Our data provide proof of concept that pre-retinal injection of AAV2/2 may represent a feasible platform for gene delivery to feline RGCs <em>in vivo</em> but highlight a need for further refinement to improve RGC transduction efficiency and control low-grade retinal inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exfoliation syndrome genetics in the era of post-GWAS","authors":"Ola A. Elsayed ,&nbsp;Jingwen Cai ,&nbsp;Yutao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exfoliation syndrome (XFS), or pseudoexfoliation syndrome, is considered a systemic disorder that leads to glaucoma with progressive visual field loss. A better insight into the underlying pathogenic mechanism will help diagnose the disease and prevent and slow progression. Here, we provide an overview of disease pathogenesis in the light of GWAS and multi-omics research. We discuss possible environmental interactions related to XFS. We investigate the potential interactions in differentially expressed genes from RNA-Seq by using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. MAPK pathway was identified as the top network of these genes. Further investigation is needed to verify our results in vivo. It is necessary to establish an animal model mimicking exfoliation syndrome phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of retinal degeneration in a Dram2 knockout mouse model","authors":"Kuanxiang Sun ,&nbsp;Junyao Chen ,&nbsp;Yudi Fan ,&nbsp;Jinrui Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenjing Liu ,&nbsp;Xianjun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Damage-regulated autophagy modulator 2 (DRAM2) is a homologue of the DRAM family protein, which can induce autophagy process. In the retina, DRAM2 is located to the inner segment of photoreceptors, the apical surface of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and the lysosome. Pathogenic variants of <em>DRAM2</em> lead to autosomal recessive Cone-rod dystrophy 21 (CORD21). Cone-rod dystrophy is characterised by primary cone involvement, or sometimes simultaneous cone and rod loss, thus leading to decreased visual acuity, colour vision deficits, photophobia, and decreased sensitivity of the central visual field. However, the mechanisms underlying <em>DRAM2</em> related retinal diseases remained unclear. To further explore the role of <em>Dram2</em> in the retina, we generated <em>Dram2</em> knockout mice (KO) by CRISPR/Cas-9 technology and demonstrated that expression of DRAM2 was abolished in KO retinas. <em>Dram2</em> ablation failed to manifest any retinal degenerative phenotypes. <em>Dram2</em> KO did not exhibit visible defect in photo response and the overt structure of the retinas. Immunostaing analysis using antibodies against cone opsins revealed no detectable loss of cone cells. Moreover, no visible change was observed in the expression and localisation of rhodopsin and other membrane disc proteins in <em>Dram2</em> KO retinas and no gliosis and apoptosis were detected in KO mice. In summary, these data revealed lack of overt retinal degeneration in <em>Dram2</em> KO model and emphasized the importance of further investigation of the mechanisms underlying Cone-rod dystrophy 21.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural framework to address variant-gene relationship in primary open-angle glaucoma","authors":"Nivedita Singh ,&nbsp;Krishnakumar Kizhatil ,&nbsp;Durairaj Duraikannu ,&nbsp;Hélène Choquet ,&nbsp;K. Saidas Nair","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex, multifactorial disease leading to progressive optic neuropathy and irreversible vision loss. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have significantly advanced our understanding of the genetic loci associated with POAG. Expanding on these findings, Exome-Wide Association Studies (ExWAS) refine the genetic landscape by identifying rare coding variants with potential functional relevance. Post-GWAS <em>in silico</em> analyses, including fine-mapping, gene-based association testing, and pathway analysis, offer insights into target genes and biological mechanisms underlying POAG. This review aims to provide a comprehensive roadmap for the post-GWAS characterization of POAG genes. We integrate current knowledge from GWAS, ExWAS, and post-GWAS analyses, highlighting key genetic variants and pathways implicated in POAG. Recent advancements in genomics, such as ATAC-seq, CUT&amp;RUN, and Hi-C, are crucial for identifying disease-relevant gene regulatory elements by profiling chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and three-dimensional chromatin architecture. These approaches help pinpoint regulatory elements that influence gene expression in POAG. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis and Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies (TWAS) elucidate the impact of these elements on gene expression and disease risk, while functional validations like enhancer reporter assays confirm their relevance. The integration of high-resolution genomics with functional assays and the characterization of genes <em>in vivo</em> using animal models provides a robust framework for unraveling the complex genetic architecture of POAG. This roadmap is essential for advancing our understanding and identification of genes and regulatory networks involved in POAG pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a principled and efficacious approach to the treatment of amblyopia. A review","authors":"Robert F. Hess","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is currently a diverse array of treatment for amblyopia. In addition to the traditional penalization therapy, which has been used for over 200 years, there are not only more active treatments to recover the monocular visual loss of the amblyopic eye involving both behavioral (visual training) as well as non-invasive brain stimulation but also a variety of methods designed specifically to restore binocular function. Our understanding of visual function in general and of the etiology of the amblyopic loss in particular has progressed a great deal over the last 50 years and it is now time to take a more principled approach to how we treat, when we treat and why we treat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking away to see: The acquisition of a search habit away from the saccade direction","authors":"Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Vanessa G. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Growing evidence has shown that attention can be habit-like, unconsciously and persistently directed toward locations that have frequently contained search targets in the past. The attentional preference typically arises when the eye gaze aligns with the attended location. Here we tested whether this spatial alignment is necessary for the acquisition of a search habit. To divert eye movements away from an attended location, we used gaze-contingent eye tracking, restricting the visible portion of the screen to an area opposite to the current gaze. Participants searched for a T target amidst a circular array of L distractors. Unbeknownst to them, the target appeared more frequently in one screen quadrant. Despite fixating on a location diametrically opposite to the visible, attended region, participants acquired probability cuing, producing quicker responses when the target appeared in the high-probability quadrant. They also showed a speed advantage in the diagonal quadrant. The attentional preference for the high-probability quadrant persisted during a testing phase in which the target’s location was unbiased, but only when participants continued to search with the restricted view. These results indicate that a search habit can be acquired even when participants are required to look away from the high-probability locations. The finding suggests that the learned search habit is not solely a result of oculomotor learning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9972293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The duration effect of short-term monocular deprivation measured by binocular rivalry and binocular combination","authors":"Antoine Prosper ,&nbsp;Martina Pasqualetti ,&nbsp;Maria Concetta Morrone ,&nbsp;Claudia Lunghi","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ocular dominance shift observed after short-term monocular deprivation is a widely used measure of visual homeostatic plasticity in adult humans. Binocular rivalry and binocular combination techniques are used interchangeably to characterize homeostatic plasticity, sometimes leading to contradictory results. Here we directly compare the effect of short-term monocular deprivation on ocular dominance measured by either binocular rivalry or binocular combination and its dependence on the duration of deprivation (15 or 120 min) in the same group of participants. Our results show that both binocular rivalry and binocular combination provide reliable estimates of ocular dominance, which are strongly correlated across techniques both before and after deprivation. Moreover, while 15 min of monocular deprivation induce a larger shift of ocular dominance when measured using binocular combination compared to binocular rivalry, for both techniques, the shift in ocular dominance exhibits a strong dependence on the duration of monocular deprivation, with longer deprivation inducing a larger and longer-lasting shift in ocular dominance. Taken together, our results indicate that both binocular rivalry and binocular combination offer very consistent and reliable measurements of both ocular dominance and the effect short-term monocular deprivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerosity depends on normalized contrast energy: Review and square-root law model","authors":"Quan Lei ,&nbsp;Adam Reeves","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The perceived numerosity of many randomly-located items of fixed contrast depends on the integrated contrast energy (CE) of the display. We show here that a model based on √(CE), normalized by contrast amplitude, can fit numerosity judgment data in various tasks and over a wide range of numerosities. The model shows that judged numerosity increases linearly with √(N), where N is the number of displayed items above the subitization range, and can explain: 1) the general underestimation in absolute judgement of numerosity; 2) the contrast independence (constancy) of numerosity judgment in segregated displays, i.e., judged numerosities are not affected by item contrast; 2) a contrast-dependent illusion where the numerosity of higher-contrast items is further underestimated when intermingled with lower-contrast items; and 3) both the threshold and sensitivity of numerosity discrimination between displays of N and M items. The nearly perfect fit of numerosity judgment data by a square-root law over a wide range of numerosities, including the range typically described by Weber’s law, but excluding subitization, suggests that normalized contrast energy might be the prevailing sensory code underlying numerosity perception.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam – Obituary: Nigel Warwick Daw − 1933–2022","authors":"Edward Famiglietti,&nbsp;Kevin Fox,&nbsp;Michael Stryker","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What surprises the Mona Lisa? The relative importance of the eyes and eyebrows for detecting surprise in briefly presented face stimuli","authors":"Emil Skog ,&nbsp;C. Stella Qian ,&nbsp;Anisha Parmar,&nbsp;Andrew J. Schofield","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The classification image (CI) technique has been used to derive templates for judgements of facial emotion and reveal which facial features inform specific emotional judgements. For example, this method has been used to show that detecting an up- or down-turned mouth is a primary strategy for discriminating happy versus sad expressions. We explored the detection of surprise using CIs, expecting widened eyes, raised eyebrows, and open mouths to be dominant features. We briefly presented a photograph of a female face with a neutral expression embedded in random visual noise, which modulated the appearance of the face on a trial-by-trial basis. In separate sessions, we showed this face with or without eyebrows to test the importance of the raised eyebrow element of surprise. Noise samples were aggregated into CIs based on participant responses. Results show that the eye-region was most informative for detecting surprise. Unless attention was specifically directed to the mouth, we found no effects in the mouth region. The eye effect was stronger when the eyebrows were absent, but the eyebrow region was not itself informative and people did not infer eyebrows when they were missing. A follow-up study was conducted in which participants rated the emotional valence of the neutral images combined with their associated CIs. This verified that CIs for ‘surprise’ convey surprised expressions, while also showing that CIs for ‘not surprise’ convey disgust. We conclude that the eye-region is important for the detection of surprise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10353203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}