Vision Research最新文献_第2页

Electrophysiological correlates of feature synergy 特征协同的电生理相关

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108768

Cordula Hunt-Radej , Christoph Löffler , Mareike Hülsemann, Anna-Lena Schubert, Günter Meinhardt

{"title":"Electrophysiological correlates of feature synergy","authors":"Cordula Hunt-Radej , Christoph Löffler , Mareike Hülsemann, Anna-Lena Schubert, Günter Meinhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modulating textures jointly in orientation and spatial frequency makes them easily distinguishable from the surround. The performance benefit of double-cue targets in detection and discrimination tasks is stronger than expected from independent feature processing, known as “feature synergy”. To explore the neural origin of this effect, we had 38 observers perform a texture figure localization task and a more demanding shape identification task, while simultaneously recording EEG. The results showed a strong feature synergy effect in both tasks, which was accompanied by significantly reduced posterior ERP amplitudes in a cluster of 13 adjacent electrodes from the left, central and right occipital and central parieto-occipital lobes. The double-cue specific amplitude reduction occurred within a time window ranging from 200 to 290 ms around the P2 (TOI-1) and, to a lesser extent, at later times ranging from 290 to 380 ms, including the P3 peak (TOI-2). In TOI-1, but not in TOI-2, the cluster electrodes responded to enhanced figure-ground segregation and also encoded the perceptual summation of this effect for double-cue targets. Moreover, ERP reduction was stronger for localization than for shape identification in TOI-1, but the effect was reversed in TOI-2, where significant double-cue effects mainly concerned shape identification. Different task influences on the EEG correlate of feature synergy during earlier and later time periods indicate that fewer resources are necessary for a given task when targets are redundantly defined. This suggests an origin in sites where features and shapes are processed under attentional control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Altered retinal vasculature in amblyopia 弱视的视网膜血管改变。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108780

Rijul Saurabh Soans, Susana T.L. Chung

{"title":"Altered retinal vasculature in amblyopia","authors":"Rijul Saurabh Soans, Susana T.L. Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amblyopia is a developmental visual disorder characterized by reduced vision in one eye and has traditionally been considered a cortical condition, with no involvement of retinal structures or functions. However, recent evidence suggests that retinal vasculature may be affected in individuals with amblyopia. In this study, we investigated whether there are differences in richness and density of retinal blood vessels between individuals with amblyopia and normal controls. We used the Spatial Attention-UNet network to segment retinal blood vessels from OCT fundus images obtained from both amblyopic and fellow eyes of 23 adults with amblyopia (12 anisometropic; 11 strabismic) and the right eye of 40 control participants. We then used four features to quantify the segmented retinal vasculature: <em>vascular area</em> (number of pixels within segmented vessels), <em>fractal dimension</em> (a measurement of vascular network density distribution pattern), <em>vascular skeleton length</em> (pixel count of the skeletonized vessel tree), and number of <em>vascular bifurcation points</em> (branching complexity of the vessel skeleton). For our sample of amblyopic participants, we found no statistically significant differences between amblyopic and fellow eyes, or between anisometropic and strabismic groups, for the four vasculature features. Compared with normal control eyes, vascular area, fractal dimension and vascular skeleton length were all lower in <em>both</em> amblyopic and fellow eyes of amblyopic participants. These results indicate alterations in retinal vasculature in eyes (both amblyopic and fellow eyes) of individuals with amblyopia, suggesting that further research is warranted to investigate retinal vasculature as a potential biomarker for detecting and managing amblyopia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Midget ganglion cell anatomy and center structure: More complex than it looks 小神经节细胞解剖和中心结构：比看起来复杂

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108751

Barry B. Lee

{"title":"Midget ganglion cell anatomy and center structure: More complex than it looks","authors":"Barry B. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is usually assumed that the center of the midget ganglion cell in the primate retina derives input from a single cone in and near the fovea, providing a ‘private line to the brain’. Thus, the physiological center should have the dimensions of a single cone sampling aperture. Centers measured physiologically are much larger, partly due to optical blur. With retinal eccentricity, at 10 degrees eccentricity cones are larger but optics do not change much. Yet physiological centers have much increased in size and are still much larger than expected from the anatomy. As retinal eccentricity increases further, convergence of retinal bipolars begins and this convergence becomes more pronounced at greater eccentricities. With convergence from 2 to 3 midget bipolars onto a ganglion cell, markedly anisotropic centers would be expected physiologically, but have not been reported. Dendritic tree anisotropies would also be expected to cause center irregularities at even greater eccentricities. These discrepancies between anatomy and physiology have received little attention but from a functional perspective would seem critical for understanding processing of information in the midget ganglion cell system. The ‘private line’ hypothesis may have to reformulated to take these inconsistencies into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 108751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring visual discomfort — a novel two-step method for reducing criterion effects when measuring subjective responses 测量视觉不适-一种新的两步法，以减少测量主观反应时的判据效应

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108765

Alasdair D.F. Clarke , Louise O’Hare , Paul B. Hibbard

{"title":"Measuring visual discomfort — a novel two-step method for reducing criterion effects when measuring subjective responses","authors":"Alasdair D.F. Clarke , Louise O’Hare , Paul B. Hibbard","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visual discomfort is a subjective experience, like many attributes of interest in the field of psychology. Measuring subjective phenomena can be difficult, as there is no ground truth against which to calibrate judgements. There is also a trade-off between the quality of the data and the time and effort of the participant — greater time investment should result in better data. However, whilst long, complex experiments might be possible in controlled lab settings with few observers, it becomes a barrier when attempting to estimate visual discomfort in less controlled but more ecologically valid spaces, and when investigating individual differences, for example young people and clinical populations. It is also difficult to calibrate judgements between participants due to individual variation in criterion — the idiosyncratic mapping of discomfort onto responses. We propose an intuitive method for participants to reduce criterion effects. This method maximises the amount of information gathered in a short space of time, and limits the risk of apparently estimating “discomfort” when the individual does not experience it. We apply this method to test two theoretical contributions to visual discomfort — cortical hyperexcitability (from spatial frequency (<span><math><mi>f</mi></math></span>), corresponding to stripe thickness) and ambiguous motion signals (from phase modulation wavelength (<span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>) corresponding to stripe waviness). Participants gave binary estimations that were used to scale their magnitude estimations. Using Bayesian methods, both these factors were found to affect discomfort judgements in both controlled lab environments (34 observers) and real-world estimations (47 observers).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 108765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensitivity to horizontal and vertical spatial relations in younger and older adults’ face perception 年轻人和老年人对水平和垂直空间关系的感知

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108766

David Kurbel , Bozana Meinhardt-Injac , Günter Meinhardt

{"title":"Sensitivity to horizontal and vertical spatial relations in younger and older adults’ face perception","authors":"David Kurbel , Bozana Meinhardt-Injac , Günter Meinhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As many visual functions, also face perception is subject to age-related decline. Here we addressed whether sensitivity to 2nd order spatial relations among facial features suffers from aging. Thirty-one younger (<em>M</em> = 23.5 years) and fifty-seven older adults (<em>M</em> = 61.7 years) performed a change detection task in same/different format with faces manipulated in eye distance (horizontal, H) and eye height (vertical, V), while the face stimuli were composed of different sets of internal features (eyes, nose and mouth), shown in isolation or with the embedding external feature context (face outline with ears, hairline and hairs). V relations showed much stronger age-related decrease than H relations. In both age groups, sensitivity to H changes was practically unaffected by presence or absence of internal features and improved modestly from external feature context. Sensitivity to V changes was differently modulated by internal and external features in both age groups. Younger adults showed cumulative improvement from additional facial cues, while older adults performed worse with isolated sets of internal features and relied solely on external features when they were available. Both age groups showed similar effects of face inversion, which were of medium size in H but strong in V. Serious impairment in vertical 2nd order relations and internal feature weakness, coupled with reliance on just external features, indicate age-related impairment of internal feature coding and a loss of spatial cue integration. However, intact inversion effects suggest that also the elderly process faces using category-specific modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 108766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in pro- and anti-saccade performance in 315 children from age eight to fourteen 315名8至14岁儿童的前扫视和反扫视表现的变化

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108762

Koert H. Stribos, Christoph Strauch, Roy S. Hessels, Lotte van den Berg, Stefan Van der Stigchel

{"title":"Changes in pro- and anti-saccade performance in 315 children from age eight to fourteen","authors":"Koert H. Stribos, Christoph Strauch, Roy S. Hessels, Lotte van den Berg, Stefan Van der Stigchel","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Healthy development of executive functioning in early adolescence is an important aspect of cognitive maturation, predicting academic success and overall well-being. Anti-saccade tasks are established measures of executive functioning. We report on data from a unique sample of 315 children, each measured twice in the age range of 8–14 years, on the anti- and pro-saccade task as a developmental marker of executive function during this period in cognitive maturation. Saccadic reaction times on both tasks were progressively shorter for older ages, with the most pronounced differences between the ages of 8 to 10 years. Accuracy did not improve for the pro-saccade task (at ceiling for all ages), whereas a substantial improvement in accuracy was observed in the anti-saccade task with age. This improvement was mainly due to a decrease in regular errors (SRT ≥ 140 ms after target onset), whereas express errors SRT < 140 ms after target onset) decreased only slightly with age. Overall, we highlight the anti-saccade task as a useful tool for observing cognitive maturation during (pre-) adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 108762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shifting focus: Does adaptation to new configural face information alter fixation behavior? 焦点转移：对新面孔信息的适应会改变注视行为吗？

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108764

Ronja Mueller , Stephen R.H. Langton , Claus-Christian Carbon , Tilo Strobach , Peter J.B. Hancock

{"title":"Shifting focus: Does adaptation to new configural face information alter fixation behavior?","authors":"Ronja Mueller , Stephen R.H. Langton , Claus-Christian Carbon , Tilo Strobach , Peter J.B. Hancock","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Face adaptation research shows that viewing a manipulated face biases the perception of subsequent faces. This study examined whether these adaptation effects are also reflected in eye movements. Participants viewed highly compressed, elongated, or non-manipulated adaptor faces before selecting the most veridical test image, while their eye movements were recorded to assess fixation durations and spatial distributions. The results confirmed robust behavioral adaptation effects, replicating previous findings. On the adaptor faces, fixations were shorter for manipulated images, suggesting rapid detection of distortion. Spatially, compressed adaptors drew fixations to the nose, while elongated ones shifted gaze to the upper face. Notably, an interaction pattern in test face fixation durations emerged; however, conflicting results from frequentist and Bayesian analyses warrant a cautious interpretation. The pattern, where participants fixated longer on slightly compressed faces after adapting to elongated ones, suggests fixation duration may not track the adaptation effect directly. Instead, it might reflect the processing load associated with resolving the induced perceptual conflict. While spatial fixation patterns did not mirror behavioral adaptation, fixation duration may be a sensitive, implicit measure of adaptation’s cognitive consequences, a potential that future research should explore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 108764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retinal processing of natural scenes: challenges ahead 自然场景的视网膜处理：未来的挑战

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108763

Samuele Virgili, Olivier Marre

{"title":"Retinal processing of natural scenes: challenges ahead","authors":"Samuele Virgili, Olivier Marre","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While substantial knowledge exists about the way the retina processes simple stimuli, our understanding of how the retina processes natural stimuli remains limited. Here we highlight key challenges that remain to be addressed to understand retinal processing of natural stimuli and describe emerging research avenues to overcome them. A key issue is model complexity. When complexifying the probing stimuli towards natural stimuli, the number of parameters required in models of retinal computations increases, raising issues of overfitting, generalization, and interpretability. This increase in complexity also poses a challenge for normative approaches, as it makes it difficult to derive non-linear retinal computations from simple principles. We describe two approaches that may help circumvent this issue. First, we propose that a new form of reductionism is emerging: instead of breaking down natural stimuli into sums of simpler stimuli, it becomes possible to “divide and conquer” natural scenes into different visual inputs corresponding to different visual tasks, allowing to study retinal computations separately for each of these tasks. Moreover, the abstract computations performed by some cell types may be understood as the result of being constrained by multiple tasks. Second, several studies suggest that it will soon be possible to mitigate the issue of complexity, by “embodying” models with more biological constraints, in particular those derived from connectomic studies. Together, these approaches offer a powerful strategy to tackle current limitations and advance our understanding of how the retina processes natural visual environments, and suggest methods that could be used in other sensory areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 108763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of stimulus size and contrast on binocular rivalry in adults with anisometropic amblyopia 刺激大小和对比度对成人屈光参差性弱视双眼竞争的影响

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108746

Chuan Hou, Junxian Rao

{"title":"Effects of stimulus size and contrast on binocular rivalry in adults with anisometropic amblyopia","authors":"Chuan Hou, Junxian Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The amblyopic eye, with reduced visual acuity, has limited ability to compete for perceptual dominance with the non-amblyopic fellow eye during binocular rivalry, likely due to diminished excitatory input or active central foveal suppression. This study investigated whether enhancing the visibility of the amblyopic eye, by increasing stimulus contrast or enlarging stimulus size, could help restore binocular rivalry in adults with anisometropic amblyopia. Using a standard binocular rivalry paradigm, we manipulated the contrast presented to the amblyopic eye and the size of rival stimuli. Results showed that the amblyopic eye exhibited little or no perceptual dominance at smaller stimulus sizes under an equal contrast condition, but dominance increased with larger stimulus sizes and increased contrast, while reducing fellow-eye dominance. However, overall perceptual dominance of the amblyopic eye remained substantially lower than that of the fellow eye and of normal-vision observers, even with enlarged stimuli or high contrast. We found no significant correlation between the fellow-eye dominance bias and the depth of amblyopia, stereoacuity, or interocular suppression in this cohort. Interestingly, individuals with amblyopia showed a much higher proportion of mixed perception compared to normal-vision observers, suggesting qualitatively altered interocular interactions in adults with anisometropic amblyopia. Nevertheless, these findings indicate that increasing the visibility of the amblyopic eye can partially restore its perceptual dominance, offering new insights into the mechanisms of suppression in amblyopia and suggesting potential directions for developing treatment strategies that target binocular vision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 108746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peripheral crowding is invariant under different luminance levels 周边拥挤在不同亮度下是不变的。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108750

Dilce Tanriverdi, Nomdo M. Jansonius, Frans W. Cornelissen

{"title":"Peripheral crowding is invariant under different luminance levels","authors":"Dilce Tanriverdi, Nomdo M. Jansonius, Frans W. Cornelissen","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peripheral crowding is the difficulty in recognizing objects in cluttered peripheral vision, affecting tasks like reading, visual search, and driving. The luminance of the environment also plays a significant role in these tasks. However, the potential interaction between crowding and luminance is still not clear. This study examined peripheral crowding (10 deg) by measuring its magnitude and critical spacing across a wide range of luminance levels, spanning from scotopic to photopic conditions. Ten participants binocularly identified the orientation of a target presented alone or flanked by four flankers. Responses were made by adjusting a central reference stimulus. Luminance was manipulated using neutral-density filter goggles (0.02–200 cd/m<sup>2</sup>). The distribution of differences between reported and actual target orientations was obtained, and the standard deviation of these distributions was taken as the perceptual error for each condition. Crowding magnitude was calculated by dividing perceptual error in the flanked condition by that in the isolated condition. Critical spacing was defined as the maximum separation between target and flanker for crowding to occur. It was calculated by fitting a hinged-line to the perceptual errors as a function of target-flanker-distance. Crowding magnitude and critical spacing were both measured for flankers with either no gap, a gap with a size matching each individual’s luminance-specific acuity threshold, or a suprathreshold (200 % of worst-acuity) gap. Results showed that both crowding magnitude and critical spacing were similar under all luminance and gap conditions. Our findings suggest that the same peripheral crowding mechanisms operate under scotopic and photopic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 108750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0