Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"The Polar Saccadic Flow model: Re-modeling the center bias from fixations to saccades","authors":"Rotem Mairon,&nbsp;Ohad Ben-Shahar","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research indicates that a significant component of human eye movement behavior constitutes a set of consistent biases independent of visual content, the most well-known of which is the central bias. While all prior art focuses on representing saccadic motion and biases in Cartesian retinotopic coordinates, here we propose the Polar Saccadic Flow model, a novel approach for modeling saccades’ space-dependent biases in a polar representation. By breaking saccades into orientation and amplitude, the Polar Saccadic Flow model enables more accurate modeling of these components, leading also to a better understanding of the saccadic bias. Moreover, the polar representation also uncovers hitherto unknown patterns and biases in eye movement data, allowing for a more detailed and nuanced analysis of saccadic behavior. These findings have implications for the study of human visual perception, can help to develop more accurate eye movement models, and also may improve eye tracking technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the memory encoding cost theory using the multiple cues paradigm","authors":"Jian Li ,&nbsp;Huixin Song ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Huang ,&nbsp;Yingtao Fu ,&nbsp;Chenxiao Guan ,&nbsp;Luo Chen ,&nbsp;Mowei Shen ,&nbsp;Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent developments have introduced the Memory Encoding Cost (MEC) theory to explain the role of attention in exogenous spatial cueing effects. According to this theory, the cost effect (when comparing invalid to neutral cues) arises from attentional suppression resulting from memory encoding of the cue. Conversely, the benefit effect (when comparing valid to neutral cues) is thought to result from a combination of attentional facilitation caused by the cue and encoding-related attentional suppression. This study tests the MEC theory by investigating whether encoding-induced cost increases as the number of cues presented increases. In Experiment 1, participants identified a target letter, which was occasionally preceded by one or three exogenous cues. The results showed that multiple cues resulted in a larger cost effect and a smaller (or even reversed) benefit effect compared to a single cue. This asymmetry between cost and benefit effects was consistently observed across experiments, even when controlling for factors like forward masking and target salience in Experiment 2, or using placeholders as in prior research in Experiment 3. These findings are more consistent with the MEC theory than with traditional attention models. In conclusion, our results provide strong support for the MEC theory, highlighting the importance of both attentional facilitation and encoding-induced suppression in explaining exogenous spatial cueing effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coloured overlays improve reading speed and reading experience in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome","authors":"Kajsa Gode ,&nbsp;Sarah Weström ,&nbsp;Jan Johansson","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High prevalences of visual dysfunction and reading-related symptoms have been found in patients with rehabilitation needs after COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of coloured overlays on reading speed and reading experience. Twenty-nine patients (45.2 ± 11.3 years) with reading- and vision-related impairments after Covid-19 infection were included. Symptoms were assessed with the Visual Discomfort Scale and Mental Fatigue Scale. A visual function assessment was performed by a licensed optometrist. Coloured overlays were tried out individually and the Wilkins Rate of Reading test was used to measure the effect on reading speed in words per minute (wpm). The mean reading speed with overlays was 133.1 ± 37.2 and 124.9 ± 39.6 wpm without (t = 3.7, df = 28, p &lt; 0.01). Fifteen patients (51.7 %) read faster by median 9.9 % (5.0–70.8 %). Most of the patients (83.3 %) experienced positive visuo-perceptual effects when using the overlay. A high prevalence of visual function problems was found. The Visual Discomfort Scale score was positively correlated with Mental Fatigue Scale score (r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.01) and improvement in reading speed (r = 0.48, p = 0.03). The overlays showed promise as a means for alleviating visual discomfort and improve reading speed. Additional findings suggest that interventions targeting visual function and mental fatigue also need to be considered. The improvement in reading with the overlays and its positive correlation with visual discomfort score seem consistent with the attribution of reading difficulty and perceptual distortion to cortical hyperexcitability, a feature that have been indicated after Covid-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Number is more than meets the eye: Unveiling segmentation mechanisms in numerosity perception with visual illusions","authors":"Andrea Adriano ,&nbsp;Michaël Vande Velde","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animals and humans possess an adaptive ability to rapidly estimate approximate numerosity, yet the visual mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Evidence suggests that approximate numerosity relies on segmented perceptual units modulated by grouping cues, with perceived numerosity decreasing when objects are connected by irrelevant lines, independent of low-level features. However, most studies have focused on physical objects.</div><div>Illusory contours (ICs) are powerful tools for exploring visual segmentation mechanisms, as “illusory” objects exhibit perceptual biases (e.g., tilt aftereffect) similar to real objects, suggesting shared processing mechanisms. To investigate whether approximate numerosity perception of ICs is influenced by connectedness, we conducted a psychophysical forced-choice task. Participants compared Ehrenstein-like ICs ensembles of varying numerosities interspersed with four task-irrelevant lines. We manipulated the number of connected pairs (0, 2, or 4) by aligning lines with the ICs-triggering gaps, while controlling low-level features across conditions. Our results revealed a monotonic underestimation of numerosity as connections increased, with constant precision reflecting Weber-like encoding. Reaction times proportionally increased with connectedness, suggesting an underlying recurrent neural mechanism. These findings demonstrate that ICs ensembles are subject to the same connectedness effect as real objects, supporting a shared visual mechanism for numerosity extraction.</div><div>This work highlights the parallels between real and illusory object processing and provides insights into segmentation mechanisms relevant to models of artificial intelligence and visual perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photic drive response in people with epilepsy: Exploring the interaction with background alpha rhythm","authors":"Eman N. Ali ,&nbsp;Christian J. Lueck ,&nbsp;Kate L. Martin ,&nbsp;Angela Borbelj ,&nbsp;Ted Maddess","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photic drive responses (PDRs) are used to explore cortical hyperexcitability. We quantified PDRs and interactions with the alpha rhythm in people with epilepsy (PwE). Fifteen PwE (mean age ± SD 47.3 ± 4.6 years; 8 males), and 15 control subjects (mean age 52.7 ± 4.6 years; 9 males) underwent EEG with modified intermittent photic stimulation (IPS). The modification allowed so-called <em>alpha-band gain</em> to be measured. None of the PwE had demonstrated photosensitivity. The modified IPS method alternated eyes-open and eyes–closed conditions with and without IPS. The alpha-band gain appeared as N-fold changes in PDR when IPS (or its harmonics) and the alpha-bands overlapped. An epileptic attack within 1 month of testing significantly increased alpha-band gain by 1.36×. Generalised epilepsy (but not focal epilepsy) significantly decreased alpha-band gain y 0.79×. Each decade of age beyond the mean age significantly increased alpha-band gain by 1.09×. Similar significant interactions were seen between alpha and the second harmonic of IPS driving frequencies that matched alpha frequencies, <em>i.e.</em> for recent attack and, generalized epilepsy. The interactions thus appeared to be occurring between cortical IPS outputs and the alpha generator. These changes were most evident at electrodes O1 and O2. Investigating alpha-band gain using modified IPS offers a way to quantify cortical hyperexcitability in epilepsy and other diseases. It also provides new information about alpha and so too predictive coding, which appears to be at least partly governed by alpha.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face age modulates face ensemble coding","authors":"Shenli Peng,&nbsp;Tianhui Liu,&nbsp;Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has demonstrated that humans possess the remarkable ability to swiftly extract ensemble statistics, specifically the average identity, from sets of stimuli, such as facial crowds. This phenomenon is known as ensemble perception. Although previous studies have investigated how physiognomic features like gender and race influence face ensemble perception, the impact of face age on face ensemble coding performance remains a relatively unexplored area. Here, we demonstrated ensemble coding of multiple faces in terms of an average face was impacted by face age. In both Experiment 1 and 2, adult participants viewed sets of four faces that were of either own-age or other-age and then judged whether the subsequently presented probe face was present or not in the preceding set. The other-age faces were manipulated as older faces in Experiment 1 and baby faces in Experiment 2. The results suggested participants incorrectly endorsed a morphed set average to be the member of the set, pointing to face ensemble coding ability. Furthermore, the results of Experiment 1 revealed adult participants displayed an own-age superiority when other-age faces were manipulated as older faces, however, the results of Experiment 2 found when other-age faces were manipulated as baby faces, participants displayed stronger visual averaging tendency towards other-age faces rather own-age faces, showing a babyface effect. Together, the present research provided initial evidence that face ensemble coding performance was modulated by face age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual comfort models based on coloured text and neutral background combinations","authors":"Zhenzhen Li,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Yuechen Zhu,&nbsp;Ming Ronnier Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reading on mobile phones can cause visual discomfort, negatively affecting visual health. Most studies have focused on neutral text-background combinations, with limited validation for coloured text-background combinations. This study investigates the impact of coloured text on neutral backgrounds and the colour difference between text and background on visual comfort during digital reading. A psychophysical experiment was conducted, where 230 images of coloured text on neutral backgrounds were evaluated by 20 participants using a 6-point scale for visual comfort. Results showed that reading coloured text on a black background generally provided higher comfort compared to a white background. Additionally, visual comfort decreased as the text colour approached that of the background. The effect of text hue on comfort was not significant. Furthermore, several visual comfort models for mobile displays were developed and compared. The VC_1-LAB model is based on Bern’s attributes, while the VC_2-LAB model focuses on the lightness of text and background. The VC_3-LAB model includes both lightness and chroma attributes. Comparisons revealed that VC_3-LAB outperformed the others in predicting visual comfort, highlighting the importance of lightness and chroma in improving predictive accuracy. Therefore, the VC_3-LAB model is useful for evaluating the visual comfort of coloured text on neutral backgrounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans-saccadic integration for object recognition peters out with pre-saccadic object eccentricity as target-directed saccades become more saliency-driven","authors":"Junhao Liang,&nbsp;Li Zhaoping","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bringing objects from peripheral locations to fovea via saccades facilitates their recognition. Human observers integrate pre- and post-saccadic information for recognition. This integration has only been investigated using instructed saccades to prescribed locations. Typically, the target has a fixed pre-saccadic location in an uncluttered scene and is viewed by a pre-determined post-saccadic duration. Consequently, whether trans-saccadic integration is limited or absent when the pre-saccadic target eccentricity is too large in cluttered scenes in unknown. Our study revealed this limit during visual exploration, when observers decided themselves when and to where to make their saccades. We asked thirty observers (400 trials each) to find and report as quickly as possible a target amongst 404 non-targets in an image spanning <span><math><mrow><mn>57</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>°</mo><mo>×</mo><mn>33</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> in visual angle. We measured the target’s pre-saccadic eccentricity <span><math><mi>e</mi></math></span>, the duration <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of the fixation before the saccade, and the post-saccadic foveal viewing duration <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. This <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increased with <span><math><mi>e</mi></math></span> before starting to saturate around eccentricity <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>°</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>20</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>. Meanwhile, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increased much more slowly with <span><math><mi>e</mi></math></span> and started decreasing before <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. These observations imply the following at sufficiently large pre-saccadic eccentricities: the trans-saccadic integration ceases, target recognition relies exclusively on post-saccadic foveal vision, decision to saccade to the target relies exclusively on target saliency rather than identification. These implications should be applicable to general behavior, although <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> should depend on object and scene properties. They are consistent with the Central-peripheral Dichotomy that central and peripheral vision are specialized for seeing and looking, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the efficient coding principle to understand encoding of multisensory and multimodality sensory signals","authors":"Li Zhaoping","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensory neurons often encode multisensory or multimodal signals. For example, many medial superior temporal (MST) neurons are tuned to heading direction of self-motion based on visual (optic flow) signals and vestibular signals. Middle temporal (MT) cortical neurons are tuned to object depth from signals of two visual modalities: motion parallax and binocular disparity. A MST neuron’s preferred heading directions from different senses can be congruent (matched) or opposite from each other. Similarly, the preferred depths of a MT neuron from the two modalities are congruent in some neurons and opposite in other neurons. While the congruent tuning appears natural for cue integration, the functions of the opposite tuning have been puzzling. This paper explains these tunings from the efficient coding principle that sensory encoding extracts as much sensory information as possible while minimizing neural cost. It extends the previous applications of this principle to understand neural receptive fields in retina and the primary visual cortex, particularly multimodal encoding of cone signals or binocular signals. Congruent and opposite sensory signals that excite the congruent and opposite neurons, respectively, are the decorrelated sensory components that provide a general purpose, efficient, representation of sensory inputs before task specific object segmentation and recognition. It can be extended to encoding signals from more than two sensory sources, e.g., from three cone types. This framework also predicts a wider tuning width for the opposite than congruent neurons, neurons that are neither congruent nor opposite, and how neural receptive fields adapt to statistical changes of sensory environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking cortical entrainment to stages of optic-flow processing","authors":"Cai Wingfield ,&nbsp;Andrew Soltan ,&nbsp;Ian Nimmo-Smith ,&nbsp;William D. Marslen-Wilson ,&nbsp;Andrew Thwaites","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In human visual processing, information from the visual field passes through numerous transformations before perceptual attributes such as motion are derived. Determining the sequence of transforms involved in the perception of visual motion has been an active field since the 1940s. One plausible family of models are the spatiotemporal energy models, based on computations of motion energy computed from the spatiotemporal features the visual field. One of the most venerated is that of <span><span>Heeger (1988)</span></span>, which hypotheses that motion is estimated by matching the predicted spatiotemporal energy in frequency space. In this study, we investigate the plausibility of Heeger’s model by testing for evidence of cortical entrainment to its components. Entrainment of cortical activity to these components was estimated using measurements of electro- and magnetoencephalographic (EMEG) activity, recorded while healthy subjects watched videos of dots moving left and right across their visual field. We find entrainment to several components of Heeger’s model bilaterally in occipital lobe regions, including representations of motion energy at a latency of 80 ms, overall velocity at 95 ms, and acceleration at 130 ms. We find little evidence of entrainment to displacement. We contrast Heeger’s biologically inspired model with alternative baseline models, finding that Heeger’s model provides a closer fit to the observed data. These results help shed light on the processes through which perception of motion arises in the visual processing stream.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}