Vision Research最新文献_第4页

Expecting the irrelevant: the role of attentional resources in spatial and temporal distribution of attention to expected distractors 期望不相关：注意资源在对预期干扰物的注意时空分布中的作用。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108716

Makayla Szu-Yu Chen , Kyle R. Cave , Zhe Chen

{"title":"Expecting the irrelevant: the role of attentional resources in spatial and temporal distribution of attention to expected distractors","authors":"Makayla Szu-Yu Chen , Kyle R. Cave , Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Preparation Effect (PE) refers to the allocation of attention to expected task-irrelevant stimuli (i.e., distractors) when the target and distractors are in separate displays. In two experiments, we investigated the deployment and the time course of attention in an expected-distractor paradigm as a function of the learned attentional set. Participants performed a memory-based change detection task that contained distractors in a separate display in one block but no distractors in the other block. During the retention interval, a small probe dot would appear unpredictably on a small number of trials, and the task was to detect the dot as quickly as possible. Only the participants who started with the distractor-absent block responded to the dot faster in the distractor-present block than in the distractor-absent block, thus showing the PE. Moreover, the PE was comparable regardless of whether the dot in the distractor-present block appeared at an expected distractor location or an expected empty location (Experiment 1), or whether the dot occurred before, during, or after the expected distractor onset (Experiment 2). In contrast, for the participants who performed the distractor-present block first, a reversed PE was found when the onset of the dot was 400 ms before the onset of the expected distractors. These results indicate that participants normally adopt a “process-all” approach with attention diffusely distributed within a relatively long temporal window. However, the enhanced attention is contingent on the availability of attentional resources. When attentional resources are insufficient, attentional control can be evoked to override the default “process-all” approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 108716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145709822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Our machines need new eyes 我们的机器需要新的眼睛。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108732

Gregory W. Schwartz

引用次数: 0

Emerging therapies for improving stereoacuity in amblyopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis 改善弱视立体敏锐度的新疗法。系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108717

Laura Asensio-Jurado , Marc Argilés , Lluïsa Quevedo-Junyent , Dennis M. Levi

{"title":"Emerging therapies for improving stereoacuity in amblyopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Laura Asensio-Jurado , Marc Argilés , Lluïsa Quevedo-Junyent , Dennis M. Levi","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging treatments, including virtual reality (VR)-based therapies, video games, and movies, have been proposed to enhance stereoacuity in individuals with binocular vision disorders such as amblyopia and strabismus. However, their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these emerging treatments in improving stereoacuity through within-group analyses, and to compare their outcomes with occlusion, in studies with direct group comparisons. We conducted comprehensive literature searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies reporting stereoacuity outcomes. The primary outcome was the change in stereoacuity (log arcsec). A random-effects meta-analysis, subgroup comparisons, and meta-regressions were performed. Twenty-six studies were included. The pooled mean improvement in stereoacuity was 0.26 log arcsec, i.e. a factor of 1.82 (95% CI: 0.19–0.33). Emerging treatments yielded significant within-group improvements, with no significant difference compared to occlusion therapy. VR-based interventions did not show statistically significant advantages over non-VR binocular treatments. Movies showed slightly greater gains than video games, but differences were not significant after correction. In regression analyses, no predictors remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Heterogeneity was moderate, reflecting variability across studies. In conclusion, emerging therapies demonstrate measurable benefits in enhancing stereoacuity. However, they have not consistently outperformed occlusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 108717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aftereffects of variance in the perception of facial expressions in crowds 人群中面部表情感知差异的后效

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108730

Moe Kudaka , Sachiyo Ueda , Hideki Tamura , Tetsuto Minami , Shigeki Nakauchi

{"title":"Aftereffects of variance in the perception of facial expressions in crowds","authors":"Moe Kudaka , Sachiyo Ueda , Hideki Tamura , Tetsuto Minami , Shigeki Nakauchi","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans frequently encounter crowds in daily life, and the collective emotional state of these groups provides vital social information that influences behavior and decision-making. Variance in facial expressions within a crowd serves as an indicator of the diversity of emotions, modulating the strength and stability of the group’s emotional signal. Previous studies of low-level visual features have shown that the visual system adapts to the statistical properties of variance, producing systematic aftereffects in subsequent variance perception, such that the perceived level of variance shifts in the direction opposite to the adaptor. However, it remains unclear whether similar adaptation to variance occurs for complex, socially meaningful information such as facial expressions. In this study, we examined whether adaptation to the variance of facial expressions in crowds leads to aftereffects in perceived variance. Using morphed facial stimuli that varied incrementally between happy and angry expressions, we created crowd images composed of individuals with different degrees of emotional variability. In Experiment 1, participants judged the variance of facial expressions before and after adapting to stimuli with small or large variance. Experiment 2 examined adaptation using more intense expressions to enhance perceived variability. Across both experiments, perceived emotional variance shifted in the opposite direction to the adaptor, indicating robust aftereffects of facial-expression variance. These findings provide behavioral evidence consistent with the idea that the human visual system encodes the variance of facial expressions, and that adaptation to ensemble variance dynamically recalibrates perception in social contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 108730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Twinkle-Goes illusion impacts motor planning, and is likely perceptual in origin 闪烁错觉影响运动计划，可能是感性的起源。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108714

Blake W. Saurels , Benjamin R. Jilek , Derek H. Arnold

{"title":"The Twinkle-Goes illusion impacts motor planning, and is likely perceptual in origin","authors":"Blake W. Saurels , Benjamin R. Jilek , Derek H. Arnold","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Twinkle-Goes illusion is an apparent perceptual extrapolation of moving objects that suddenly disappear. Object disappearance must occur against a white noise background that is dynamically updating, or against an initially static white noise background that becomes dynamic within a brief time window after disappearance. Here, we have refined the critical time window for dynamic noise onset to just ∼ 20 ms after moving object disappearance. We have also successfully measured the illusion using a sensory reproduction task, that minimizes decisional biases that could have influenced the binary forced choice tasks that have previously been used to measure the illusion. This suggests that the Twinkle-Goes illusion is likely perceptual in origin. We also measured the illusion using a task where people made a saccade to the perceived moving object disappearance position, showing the illusion impacts motor planning. The magnitude of the effect in our data was ∼ 22 ms, at most. This is too slight to reflect on full compensation for delayed sensory processing in early visual brain regions (∼67 ms). However, it is possible that our measures have only partially captured the activity of an extrapolation process that is involved in a full compensation for information processing delays, in order to facilitate motor planning – but this possibility remains speculative, and we review counter arguments and evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 108714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145490442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dragonfly target-detecting neurons adapt to stimulus saliency 蜻蜓目标探测神经元适应刺激显著性。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108713

Matthew B. Schwarz , Bernard J.E. Evans , David C. O’Carroll , Joseph M. Fabian , Steven D. Wiederman

{"title":"Dragonfly target-detecting neurons adapt to stimulus saliency","authors":"Matthew B. Schwarz , Bernard J.E. Evans , David C. O’Carroll , Joseph M. Fabian , Steven D. Wiederman","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dragonfly visual system contains neurons that respond to the movement of small targets, even when embedded in visual clutter. Some of these target-detecting neurons facilitate their spiking activity to targets moving along continuous trajectories and selectively attend to one target when presented in a pair. When a target is rapidly repeated, the spiking activity of these ‘small target motion detector’ (STMD) neurons decreases. This ‘adaptation’ is spatially localised with a time course dependent on the frequency of stimulation. Here, we presented rapidly repeating targets of varying contrast and direction, as well as perturbing facilitatory and selective pathways by evoking localised adaptation.</div><div>Using extracellular electrophysiology, we show that higher target contrast elicits stronger adaptation; however, the time course of diminishing responses was similar across contrasts. This relationship between target saliency and adaptation is also observed with targets moving in the preferred direction causing stronger adaptation. Targets that jitter, as is likely the case during rapid head foveation of prey, induce less adaptation as the jitter radius increases. We observed that the strengthening effect of facilitation competes against suppressive adaptation. Moreover, we observed that STMDs are unlikely to selectively attend to targets that traverse an adapted location. These results provide insight into how dragonfly target-detecting neurons adapt their responsiveness to visual targets in their environment that would be encountered during flight when pursuing prey or conspecifics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 108713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

fMRI measures of interocular luminance masking reflect rapid binocular plasticity 眼间亮度掩蔽的fMRI测量反映了快速的双眼可塑性

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108712

Sujeevini Sujanthan , Asa Farahani , Frederick A.A. Kingdom , Amir Shmuel , Janine D. Mendola

{"title":"fMRI measures of interocular luminance masking reflect rapid binocular plasticity","authors":"Sujeevini Sujanthan , Asa Farahani , Frederick A.A. Kingdom , Amir Shmuel , Janine D. Mendola","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent behavioral studies suggest that rapid short-term plasticity in adult binocular vision may occur over several minutes. In the example of adult monocular patching, a difference in luminance between the eyes may cause plasticity. Analogous work in animal models exists, but relevant physiological data from humans is sparse. We measured human binocular function with fMRI by determining how the BOLD signal evoked by test stimuli in one eye is modified by the effects of fellow eye stimulation. The tested eye viewed moving checkerboard patterns that varied in contrast. Three fellow eye viewing conditions were compared over various time periods: black screen, gray screen, or the same checkerboard as the tested eye. Overall, the same checkerboard in both eyes elicited the highest brain activity in early visual cortices and area MT+. In addition, we found higher brain activity for a black screen compared to gray screen in early visual areas, consistent with luminance masking. However, this effect is absent if the luminance presented to the fellow eye changes several times per minute, rather than remaining constant for several minutes. We suggest that longer viewing periods allow for greater fellow eye adaptation effects to accumulate over time. Results are discussed along with previous studies of monocular patching and contrast normalization models of vision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 108712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual discomfort for flickering sinusoids is not predicted by the spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity function 闪烁正弦波的视觉不适不能用时空对比敏感度函数来预测

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108720

Paul B. Hibbard , Jordi M. Asher , Louise O’Hare , Caitlin Evans , Caelan Dow

{"title":"Visual discomfort for flickering sinusoids is not predicted by the spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity function","authors":"Paul B. Hibbard , Jordi M. Asher , Louise O’Hare , Caitlin Evans , Caelan Dow","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visual discomfort, the unpleasant, aversive experience associated with some visual stimuli, is most pronounced for flickering and spatially repetitive stimuli. It has been proposed that the degree of visual discomfort for such stimuli can be predicted by the contrast sensitivity function, peaking at midrange spatial and temporal frequencies. We evaluated the spatio-temporal tuning of visual discomfort for flickering, sinusoidal stimuli. Discomfort increased with spatial frequency for static and slowly flickering stimuli, but decreased with spatial frequency for stimuli flickering at 16 Hz. Discomfort increased with temporal frequency for spatially uniform stimuli, and for all spatial frequencies. Flickering stimuli were more uncomfortable than static stimuli of any spatial frequency. Spatially uniform stimuli flickering at 16 Hz, the highest frequency tested, were rated as the most uncomfortable. These results deviate from the contrast sensitivity function, which predicts that discomfort should be highest for static stimuli, with bandpass spatial frequency tuning. This discrepancy indicates that threshold-level visual sensitivity is not a good predictor of visual discomfort for high contrast stimuli. Our results are however consistent with efficient coding models, which predict higher levels of excitation for high spatial and temporal frequencies when stimuli are presented at a high contrast. They are also consistent with physiological measures of cortical responses to high contrast stimuli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 108720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What makes good exemplars of a scene category good? Evidence from deep neural nets 是什么让一个场景类别的优秀范例变得优秀？来自深度神经网络的证据。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108719

Pei-Ling Yang , Diane M. Beck

{"title":"What makes good exemplars of a scene category good? Evidence from deep neural nets","authors":"Pei-Ling Yang , Diane M. Beck","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some exemplars are more representative of their category than other exemplars. Here we ask whether good exemplars (high representativeness) of real-world scene categories are more informative with respect to their category than bad exemplars (low representativeness) by leveraging machine learning methods and a set of deep neural networks, including convolutional neural network (AlexNet, PlaceNet, ResNet), and transformer models (Vision transformer, transformer-based CLIP). We use a one-shot Support Vector Machine, in which the training set only contains one exemplar per category (two images in total) to ask whether good exemplars generalize to other members of their category better than bad. The resulting classification accuracy is interpreted as reflecting the degree to which information regarding category is present in the training exemplars. We used four natural scene categories (beaches, cities, highways, mountains). Experiment 1 showed good exemplars produced higher classification accuracy than bad exemplars in all the features tested. Experiment 2 demonstrated that multiple bad training exemplars were needed to reach the category information of a single good exemplar. Both experiments indicate that there is more category-related information in good exemplars than bad. Experiment 3 showed that the most informative images and the good exemplars did not fall in the center of the category space but rather towards the edge of the space, and this was true of the category spaces derived from the feature spaces and human similarity judgements. Overall, this work demonstrated that DNNs can capture human representativeness and provide a useful measure for capturing human scene category spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 108719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Object recognition from sparse simulated phosphenes and curved segments 稀疏模拟光幻视和曲线片段的目标识别

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108718

Elsa Scialom , Udo A. Ernst , David Rotermund , Michael H. Herzog

{"title":"Object recognition from sparse simulated phosphenes and curved segments","authors":"Elsa Scialom , Udo A. Ernst , David Rotermund , Michael H. Herzog","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cortical prostheses offer the potential for partial vision restoration in individuals with blindness by stimulating neurons to produce phosphenes. However, the low number of discrete phosphenes that can be simultaneously elicited in practice makes encoding of whole objects difficult, hindering recognition. Hence, we aim at determining the minimal number of discrete visual elements needed for object recognition. To answer this question, we replaced object contours by a varying number of round patches, serving as idealized phosphene simulation. Forty-six sighted participants identified the fragmented objects in a free-naming task. We increased the number as well as the patch density gradually until the objects were correctly identified. Depending on the object, we found that a minimum of 29 and a maximum of 65 round patches were necessary for recognition. While this still exceeds the current number of phosphenes which can simultaneously be elicited in cortical visual protheses, we found much smaller estimates than previous studies of simulated prosthetic vision. We next investigated whether local visual information of non-circular patches could be leveraged to reduce the number of discrete elements necessary for object recognition. For this, objects were fragmented into straight and curved segments matching the size, density, and location of the previously used round patches. Participants required 27% fewer segments than round patches for recognition, indicating that contour information leads to perceptual benefits. Our study provides a lower bound estimate on the minimal number of phosphenes needed to recognize objects, should simultaneous stimulation protocols be pursued. These findings provide realistic bounds for the design of visual prostheses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 108718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0