Vision Research最新文献_第5页

Corrigendum to “Motion-induced blindness as a noisy excitable system” [Vis. Res. 216 (2024) 108363] 运动诱发的失明是一个噪声兴奋系统》更正 [《视觉研究》216 (2024) 108363]

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108415

Mikhail Katkov, Noya Meital-Kfir, Dov Sagi

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of emmetropization and what might go wrong in myopia 散光机制和近视可能出现的问题

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108402

Frank Schaeffel , Barbara Swiatczak

{"title":"Mechanisms of emmetropization and what might go wrong in myopia","authors":"Frank Schaeffel , Barbara Swiatczak","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies in animal models and humans have shown that refractive state is optimized during postnatal development by a closed-loop negative feedback system that uses retinal image defocus as an error signal, a mechanism called emmetropization. The sensor to detect defocus and its sign resides in the retina itself. The retina and/or the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) presumably releases biochemical messengers to change choroidal thickness and modulate the growth rates of the underlying sclera. A central question arises: if emmetropization operates as a closed-loop system, why does it not stop myopia development? Recent experiments in young human subjects have shown that (1) the emmetropic retina can perfectly distinguish between real positive defocus and simulated defocus, and trigger transient axial eye shortening or elongation, respectively. (2) Strikingly, the myopic retina has reduced ability to inhibit eye growth when positive defocus is imposed. (3) The bi-directional response of the emmetropic retina is elicited with low spatial frequency information below 8 cyc/deg, which makes it unlikely that optical higher-order aberrations play a role. (4) The retinal mechanism for the detection of the sign of defocus involves a comparison of defocus blur in the blue (S-cone) and red end of the spectrum (L + M−cones) but, again, the myopic retina is not responsive, at least not in short-term experiments. This suggests that it cannot fully trigger the inhibitory arm of the emmetropization feedback loop. As a result, with an open feedback loop, myopia development becomes “open-loop”.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000464/pdfft?md5=267b452a6f0c8cc848f39fad61988039&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000464-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surround masking reveals binocular adding and differencing channels 环绕遮蔽揭示双目加法和差分通道

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108396

Rinku Sarkar , Kiana Zanetti , Alexandre Reynaud , Frederick A.A. Kingdom

{"title":"Surround masking reveals binocular adding and differencing channels","authors":"Rinku Sarkar , Kiana Zanetti , Alexandre Reynaud , Frederick A.A. Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies suggest that binocular adding <em>S</em>+ and differencing <em>S</em>- channels play an important role in binocular vision. To test for such a role in the context of binocular contrast detection and binocular summation, we employed a surround masking paradigm consisting of a central target disk surrounded by a mask annulus. All stimuli were horizontally oriented 0.5c/d sinusoidal gratings. Correlated stimuli were identical in interocular spatial phase while anticorrelated stimuli were opposite in interocular spatial phase. There were four target conditions: monocular left eye, monocular right eye, binocular correlated and binocular anticorrelated, and three surround mask conditions: no surround, binocularly correlated and binocularly anticorrelated. We observed consistent elevation of detection thresholds for monocular and binocular targets across the two binocular surround mask conditions. In addition, we found an interaction between the type of surround and the type of binocular target: both detection and summation were relatively enhanced by surround masks and targets with opposite interocular phase relationships and reduced by surround masks and targets with the same interocular phase relationships. The data were reasonably well accounted for by a model of binocular combination termed MAX (S+S-), in which the decision variable is the probability summation of modeled <em>S</em>+ and <em>S</em>- channel responses, with a free parameter determining the relative gains of the two channels. Our results support the existence of two channels involved in binocular combination, <em>S</em>+ and <em>S</em>-, whose relative gains are adjustable by surround context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Are ipRGCs involved in human color vision? Hints from physiology, psychophysics, and natural image statistics” [Vis. Res. 217 (2024) 108378] ipRGCs参与人类色觉吗？来自生理学、心理物理学和自然图像统计学的提示》[《视觉研究》217 (2024) 108378] 更正

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108414

Pablo A. Barrionuevo , María L. Sandoval Salinas , José M. Fanchini

引用次数: 0

A Bayesian observer model reveals a prior for natural daylights in hue perception 贝叶斯观察者模型揭示了色调感知中自然日光的先验性

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108406

Yannan Su , Zhuanghua Shi , Thomas Wachtler

{"title":"A Bayesian observer model reveals a prior for natural daylights in hue perception","authors":"Yannan Su , Zhuanghua Shi , Thomas Wachtler","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Incorporating statistical characteristics of stimuli in perceptual processing can be highly beneficial for reliable estimation from noisy sensory measurements but may generate perceptual bias. According to Bayesian inference, perceptual biases arise from the integration of internal priors with noisy sensory inputs. In this study, we used a Bayesian observer model to derive biases and priors in hue perception based on discrimination data for hue ensembles with varying levels of chromatic noise. Our results showed that discrimination thresholds for isoluminant stimuli with hue defined by azimuth angle in cone-opponent color space exhibited a bimodal pattern, with lowest thresholds near a non-cardinal blue-yellow axis that aligns closely with the variation of natural daylights. Perceptual biases showed zero crossings around this axis, indicating repulsion away from yellow and attraction towards blue. These biases could be explained by the Bayesian observer model through a non-uniform prior with a preference for blue. Our findings suggest that visual processing takes advantage of knowledge of the distribution of colors in natural environments for hue perception.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000506/pdfft?md5=5ddb538c62f3f03af3f6f492638ca905&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000506-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual field asymmetries in visual word form identification 视觉词形识别中的视野不对称问题

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108413

Li-Ting Tsai , Kuo-Meng Liao , Chiun-Ho Hou , Yuh Jang , Chien-Chung Chen

{"title":"Visual field asymmetries in visual word form identification","authors":"Li-Ting Tsai , Kuo-Meng Liao , Chiun-Ho Hou , Yuh Jang , Chien-Chung Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visual performance across the visual fields interacts with visual tasks and visual stimuli, and visual resolution decreases as a function of eccentricity, varying at isoeccentric locations. In this study, we investigated the extent of asymmetry and the rate of change in visual acuity threshold for visual word form (VWF) identification at horizontal and vertical azimuths across the fovea, and at eccentricities of 1°, 2°, 4°, 6° and 8° for 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% contrast levels, to determine whether and how the eccentricities, meridians, and contrasts modulated the VWF identification acuity threshold. The stimuli were 16 traditional Chinese characters of similar legibility. Participants pressed a key to indicate the character presented, either monocularly or binocularly, at one of 21 randomly selected locations. A staircase procedure was used to determine the threshold, and a multiple linear regression model was used to fit the linear cortical magnification factor (CMF). We found that (1) the asymmetry was most pronounced on the vertical and superior azimuths, (2) the asymmetry between the right and left azimuths was not significant, (3) the CMF was significantly smaller on the vertical azimuth than on the horizontal azimuth, (4) the CMF was smaller on the superior vertical azimuth than on the inferior azimuth, and (5) monocular viewing and low contrast enhanced the CMF difference between azimuths. In conclusion, vertical and horizontal azimuths, location of eccentricity, contrast levels of word symbols, and monocular/binocular viewing have different effects on visual field asymmetry and cortical magnification factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-photon vision – Seeing colors in infrared 双光子视觉 - 用红外线观察颜色

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108404

Katarzyna Komar

{"title":"Two-photon vision – Seeing colors in infrared","authors":"Katarzyna Komar","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the phenomenon called two-photon vision. It involves the visual perception of pulsed infrared beams in the range of 850–1200 nm as having colors corresponding to one-half of the IR wavelengths. It is caused by two-photon absorption (TPA), which occurs when the visual photopigment interacts simultaneously with two infrared photons.</p><p>The physical mechanism of TPA is described, and implications about the efficiency of the process are considered. The spectral range of two-photon vision is defined, along with a detailed discussion of the known differences in color perception between normal and two-photon vision. The quadratic dependence of the luminance of two-photon stimuli on the power of the stimulating beam is also explained. Examples of recording two-photon vision in the retinas of mice and monkeys are provided from the literature. Finally, applications of two-photon vision are discussed, particularly two-photon microperimetry, which has been under development for several years; and the potential advantages of two-photon retinal displays are explained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000488/pdfft?md5=71bd85ed9386356a140bd2016bf7aa73&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000488-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140545966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of perceptual processing in the oddball effect revealed by the Thatcher illusion 撒切尔幻觉揭示的怪人效应中的知觉加工作用

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108399

Akira Sarodo , Kentaro Yamamoto , Katsumi Watanabe

{"title":"The role of perceptual processing in the oddball effect revealed by the Thatcher illusion","authors":"Akira Sarodo , Kentaro Yamamoto , Katsumi Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When a novel stimulus (oddball) appears after repeated presentation of an identical stimulus, the oddball is perceived to last longer than the repeated stimuli, a phenomenon known as the oddball effect. We investigated whether the perceptual or physical differences between the repeated and oddball stimuli are more important for the oddball effect. To manipulate the perceptual difference while keeping their physical visual features constant, we used the Thatcher illusion, in which an inversion of a face hinders recognition of distortion in its facial features. We found that the Thatcherized face presented after repeated presentation of an intact face induced a stronger oddball effect when the faces were upright than when they were inverted (Experiment 1). However, the difference in the oddball effect between face orientations was not observed when the intact face was presented as the oddball after repeated presentation of a Thatcherized face (Experiment 2). These results were replicated when participants performed both the intact-repeated and Thatcherized-repeated conditions in a single experiment (Experiment 3). Two control experiments confirmed that the repeated presentation of the preceding stimuli is necessary for the difference in duration distortion to occur (Experiments 4 and 5). The results suggest the considerable role of perceptual processing in the oddball effect. We discuss the discrepancy in the results between the intact-repeated and Thatcherized-repeated conditions in terms of predictive coding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000439/pdfft?md5=988ab9e9736a1bc36fcaa47725a5ffae&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000439-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140540868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108400

Görkem Er, Timothy D. Sweeny

{"title":"Similarity in motion binds and bends judgments of aspect ratio","authors":"Görkem Er, Timothy D. Sweeny","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that objects become grouped in perceptual organization when they share some visual feature, like a common direction of motion. Less well known is that grouping can change how people perceive a set of objects. For example, when a pair of shapes consistently share a common region of space, their aspect ratios tend to be perceived as more similar (are attracted toward each other). Conversely, when shapes are assigned to different regions in space their aspect ratios repel from each other. Here we examine whether the visual system produce both attractive and repulsive distortions when the state of grouping between a pair of shapes changes on a moment-to-moment basis. Observers viewed a pair of ellipses that differed in terms of how flat or tall they were and reported the aspect ratio of one ellipse from the pair. Each ellipse was defined by a cloud of coherently-moving dots, and the dots within the two ellipses had either the same or different directions of motion, varying from trial-to-trial. We found that the cued ellipse's aspect ratio was reported to be repelled from the aspect ratio of the uncued ellipse when the shapes had different directions of motion compared to when they had the same direction of motion. These results suggest that the visual system can adaptively alter visual experience based on grouping, in particular, repelling the appearance of objects when they do not appear to go together, and it can do so quickly and flexibly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140540841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selective microRNA expression of exosomes from retinal pigment epithelial cells by oxidative stress 氧化应激对视网膜色素上皮细胞外泌体微RNA表达的选择性影响

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108388

Zhengyu Zhang , Qinyuan Gu , Lu Chen , Dongqing Yuan , Xunyi Gu , Huiming Qian , Ping Xie , Qinghuai Liu , Zizhong Hu

{"title":"Selective microRNA expression of exosomes from retinal pigment epithelial cells by oxidative stress","authors":"Zhengyu Zhang , Qinyuan Gu , Lu Chen , Dongqing Yuan , Xunyi Gu , Huiming Qian , Ping Xie , Qinghuai Liu , Zizhong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The function of exosomal miRNAs (miRs) in retinal degeneration is largely unclear. We were aimed to investigate the functions of exosomes as well as their miRs derived from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells following exposure to oxidative stress (OS). After the OS by lipopolysaccharide and rotenone on RPE cells, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) were upregulated, along with the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulated oxidative damage marker 8-OH-dG in RPE cells. RPE-derived exosomes were then isolated, identified, injected into the subretinal space in mice. After subretinal injection, RPE-exosomes after OS not only induced higher ROS level and apoptotic retinal cells, but also elevated IL-1β, IL-6 alongside TNF-α expressions among retina/RPE/choroidal complex. Next, miRs inside the exosomes were sequenced by the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. NGS revealed that certain miRs were abundant in exosomes, while others were selectively kept by RPE cells. Further, downregulated miRs, like miR-125b-5p, miR-125a-5p, alongside miR-128-3p, and upregulated miR, such as miR-7-5p were validated byRT-qPCR. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to find the possible target genes of those selective exosomal miRs. Our results proved that the RPE-derived exosomes after OS selectively express certain miRs, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140535011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0