Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with near heterophoria and accommodative dysfunction

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI:10.1016/j.visres.2025.108699

A. Eusebio López-Hernández , Carmen Miquel-López , José Javier García-Medina , Diego García-Ayuso

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition in young populations and is often associated with visual disturbances. This study investigated clinical measurements in individuals with ADHD and compared them with individuals without ADHD. This study included 80 participants: 40 with ADHD and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. The mean age ± standard deviation was 19.93 ± 6.42 (range 6–36). The optometric tests performed assessed accommodative and binocular visual functions, including accommodative amplitude, monocular and binocular accommodative facility, Cover Test, near point of convergence, monocular estimated method, and calculated accommodation convergence/accommodation ratio. Subgroup analysis within the ADHD group, based on sex and medication use, explored the associations with optometric findings. The ADHD group showed a significantly higher lag of accommodation (+0.30 ± 0.17 D) than the control group (+0.18 ± 0.23 D) and a higher accommodative amplitude (ADHD group = 13.15 ± 1.73, control group = 12.07 ± 1.60). ADHD was also associated with a higher prevalence of near-heterophoria. No differences were observed between medicated and medication-free at testing individuals with ADHD. Furthermore, males demonstrated higher near heterophoria than females, with males having significantly more phorias at near. The results of this paper demonstrate that individuals with ADHD commonly experience compromised accommodative responses and a heightened occurrence of heterophoria compared with individuals without ADHD. These results emphasize the importance of eye exams for ADHD patients, as vision issues may reduce attention and concentration, especially for near-work tasks.

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注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）与近斜视和适应性功能障碍有关

注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）是年轻人中普遍存在的神经发育疾病，通常与视觉障碍有关。本研究调查了ADHD患者的临床测量结果，并将其与非ADHD患者进行了比较。这项研究包括80名参与者：40名ADHD患者和40名年龄和性别匹配的对照组。平均年龄±标准差为19.93±6.42（范围6 ~ 36）。验光测试评估了调节和双眼视觉功能，包括调节幅度、单眼和双眼调节设施、覆盖测试、近会聚点、单眼估计方法和计算调节会聚/调节比。ADHD组的亚组分析，基于性别和药物使用，探讨了与验光结果的关系。ADHD组调节滞后时间（+0.30±0.17 D）显著高于对照组（+0.18±0.23 D），调节幅度（ADHD组= 13.15±1.73，对照组= 12.07±1.60）显著高于对照组（+0.18±0.23 D）。多动症还与近斜视的较高患病率有关。在对ADHD患者进行测试时，没有观察到服药和不服药之间的差异。此外，男性比女性表现出更高的近斜视，男性的近斜视明显更多。本文的结果表明，与没有ADHD的个体相比，患有ADHD的个体通常会经历妥协的适应性反应和更高的异视发生率。这些结果强调了对多动症患者进行眼科检查的重要性，因为视力问题可能会降低注意力和集中力，尤其是在接近工作的任务中。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vision Research 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

16.70%

发文量

111

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Vision Research is a journal devoted to the functional aspects of human, vertebrate and invertebrate vision and publishes experimental and observational studies, reviews, and theoretical and computational analyses. Vision Research also publishes clinical studies relevant to normal visual function and basic research relevant to visual dysfunction or its clinical investigation. Functional aspects of vision is interpreted broadly, ranging from molecular and cellular function to perception and behavior. Detailed descriptions are encouraged but enough introductory background should be included for non-specialists. Theoretical and computational papers should give a sense of order to the facts or point to new verifiable observations. Papers dealing with questions in the history of vision science should stress the development of ideas in the field.