心理学最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting situational strength: Do strong situations restrict variance in behaviors?","authors":"Ranran Li, Daniel Balliet, Isabel Thielmann, Reinout E de Vries","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000475","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspi0000475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The idea that strong situations restrict variance in behaviors has been treated as a maxim in psychology. Prior work has, however, offered inconclusive support for this proposition. We aimed to overcome the limitations of prior research to conclusively test the restricted variance hypothesis derived from the situational strength framework. Specifically, we conducted a preregistered meta-analysis (<i>k</i> = 301, <i>N</i> = 25,670) in the context of cooperative behavior observed within the standard social dilemma paradigm. We found that strong, compared with weak, situations (theorized and validated via perception ratings) indeed restricted variance in behaviors. Moreover, ratings on perceived situational strength of specific experimental conditions (<i>k</i> = 138, <i>n</i>_studies = 41) further supported the hypothesis that higher levels of perceived situational strength were associated with less variance in behavior. Our findings have important theoretical implications for understanding the situational forces shaping social behavior and for advancing research on person-situation interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"551-575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Intolerance of uncertainty enhances adolescent fear generalization in both perceptual-based and category-based tasks: fNIRS studies\" [Behaviour Research and Therapy 183 (2024) 104650].","authors":"Xiao Zhou, Lihui Huang, Benjamin Becker, Haoran Dou, Jinxia Wang, Xukai Zhang, Ying Mei, Hong Li, Yi Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"104811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual resilience and family resilience in left-behind children: A longitudinal network analysis.","authors":"Mengyao Yang, Lu Ao, Yuanyuan An, Guangzhe Yuan","doi":"10.1037/fam0001359","DOIUrl":"10.1037/fam0001359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The left-behind children are children aged below 16, who remain in their hometowns without one or both parents' presence. Both individual resilience and family resilience play a crucial role in how left-behind children cope positively with adversity. Few studies have attempted to explore the dynamic processes of individual resilience and family resilience of left-behind children from a dimensional perspective. To address this gap, this study employed a cross-lagged panel network model to examine the complex interactions among various resilience components. A total of 2,259 left-behind children completed the survey in December 2018 (T1), and 1,991 of them completed the assessments 4 months later (T2). A final sample of 1,708 Chinese left-behind children (<i>M</i>_age = 12.94, <i>SD</i> = 1.56; 47.50% girls) completed a survey at both waves. The results indicated that \"maintaining a positive outlook\" is the most critical dimension of beliefs connecting children's individual resilience and family resilience. Perceived beliefs about maintaining a positive outlook across the whole family at T1 were found to be associated with the three dimensions of individual resilience at T2, rather than the reverse. This suggests that family belief systems may represent a pivotal point of intervention for left-behind children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"806-815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field usability and validity of eye-tracking instrumentation with the Early Childhood Vigilance Test among children aged 2-4 years old in Northern Coastal Ecuador.","authors":"Itziar Familiar-Lopez, Hannah Lalonde, Andrew Harris, Elizabeth Foot, María Sol Garcés, Nergiz Turgut, Karen Levy, Joseph N S Eisenberg, Gwenyth O Lee","doi":"10.1037/neu0001012","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is a need for effective cognitive assessment tools to evaluate the development of very young children in resource-limited low- and middle-income country settings. Our objective was to evaluate the field usability of a computer-based attention test and its concurrent validity with a caregiver-reported screener of neurodevelopment in rural, Ecuadorian children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To assess a computer-based attention test in a resource-limited setting, 41 Ecuadorian children between 2 and 4 years of age were evaluated once with the Early Childhood Vigilance Test (ECVT) of attention adapted to eye-tracking instrumentation. To evaluate the validity of the ECVT, results were compared with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3, measured 3-4 times between 21 and 48 months of age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECVT measures were collected successfully for 97.6% of children (40/41), suggesting good field usability of the test in this resource-limited setting. An increase in 1 SD in child attention, as measured by the ECVT average fixation duration, was associated with a 7.9-point increase in the overall Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 score (95% CI [1.5, 14.2], <i>p</i> = .015).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A computer-based attention assessment in early childhood was usable in a resource-limited setting and predictive of a caregiver-reported screener of child neurodevelopment. The ECVT, therefore, can be used to assess the effects of early risk factors and resilience in brain/behavior development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"561-569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anchoring Vignettes: A Useful Tool to Measure and Correct for Cultural Bias in Parent Reports on Their Child's Mental Health?","authors":"Ronja A Runge, Renate Soellner","doi":"10.1177/10731911241273446","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911241273446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parent report measures developed in the Western world are commonly used to assess children's mental health, but their cross-cultural comparability is questionable. The present study examines the use of anchoring vignettes to assess and adjust for bias in five countries: the United States, Mexico, Germany, China, and Russia. Parents (<i>N</i> = 500) rated their child's mental health and vignettes depicting internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in an online survey. Vignette ratings were used to assess bias and for rescaling. Cross-national comparisons of vignette scores revealed differences in the use of the scale range and overall level of vignette scores. Measurement invariance across countries improved after rescaling, resulting in weak invariance for internalizing and strong invariance for externalizing problem behavior. Rescaled scores revealed cross-national differences that were masked using the raw score. Results confirm the lacking cross-national comparability in parent reports of child mental health, and anchoring vignettes appear to be a useful tool for reducing bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"878-898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Sample Size and Group Homogeneity: A Crucial Ingredient to Inter-Group Bias.","authors":"Johannes Ziegler, Klaus Fiedler","doi":"10.1177/01461672231223335","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231223335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Applying a recently developed framework for the study of sample-based person impressions to the level of group impressions resulted in convergent evidence for a highly robust judgment process. How stimulus traits mapped on the resulting group impressions was subject to two distinct moderators, diagnosticity of traits, and the amplifying impact of early sample truncation. Three indices of diagnosticity-negative valence, extremity, and distance to other traits in a density framework-determined participants' decision to truncate trait sampling early and hence the final group judgments. When trait samples were negative and extreme and when the distance between high-density traits was small, early truncation of the trait samples fostered high group homogeneity and polarized impressions. Granting that mental representations of in-groups and out-groups rely on systematically different samples, our sampling approach can account for various inter-group biases: out-group homogeneity, out-group polarization and (because negative traits are more diagnostic) out-group derogation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1631-1647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12276401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did Descriptive and Prescriptive Norms About Gender Equality at Home Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-National Investigation.","authors":"Franziska Magdalena Saxler, Angela R Dorrough, Laura Froehlich, Katharina Block, Alyssa Croft, Loes Meeussen, Maria I T Olsson, Toni Schmader, Carolin Schuster, Sanne van Grootel, Colette Van Laar, Ciara Atkinson, Tessa Benson-Greenwald, Andreea Birneanu, Vladimira Cavojova, Sapna Cheryan, Albert Lee Kai Chung, Ivan Danyliuk, Ilan Dar-Nimrod, Soledad de Lemus, Amanda Diekman, Léïla Eisner, Lucía Estevan-Reina, Denisa Fedáková, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Adriana L Germano, Tabea Hässler, Levke Henningsen, Keiko Ishii, Eva Kundtová Klocová, Inna Kozytska, Clara Kulich, Christina Lapytskaia Aidy, Wilson López López, James Morandini, TamilSelvan Ramis, Carolin Scheifele, Jennifer Steele, Melanie C Steffens, Laura María Velásquez Díaz, Mar Venegas, Sarah E Martiny","doi":"10.1177/01461672231219719","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231219719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using data from 15 countries, this article investigates whether descriptive and prescriptive gender norms concerning housework and child care (domestic work) changed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a total of 8,343 participants (<i>M</i> = 19.95, <i>SD</i> = 1.68) from two comparable student samples suggest that descriptive norms about unpaid domestic work have been affected by the pandemic, with individuals seeing mothers' relative to fathers' share of housework and child care as even larger. Moderation analyses revealed that the effect of the pandemic on descriptive norms about child care decreased with countries' increasing levels of gender equality; countries with stronger gender inequality showed a larger difference between pre- and post-pandemic. This study documents a shift in descriptive norms and discusses implications for gender equality-emphasizing the importance of addressing the additional challenges that mothers face during health-related crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1745-1759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Do Invested Partners Become Invested? A Prospective Investigation of Fledgling Relationship Development.","authors":"Samantha Joel, Laura Machia","doi":"10.1177/01461672231224351","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231224351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investment-the feeling that one has put considerable resources into a relationship-is theorized to play a key role in relationship persistence. Yet, the development of investment is not well-understood. We recruited 256 individuals in new dating relationships and surveyed them each week for up to 25 weeks. This design allows us to test underlying theoretical assumptions about how people become invested in new dating partners. Some assumptions, such as the idea that investment increases over time, were confirmed. Other assumptions were not supported: Feelings of investment were quite high after only a few weeks of dating and were not strongly shaped by concrete relationship milestones. Rather, feelings of investment were strongly linked to other subjective indicators of relationship development, such as feeling attached to the partner and believing that the relationship had a good future. We discuss the implications of these findings for existing models of investment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1689-1702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phrase frequency does not modulate transposed-word effects in the visual and auditory modalities.","authors":"Sophie Dufour, Jonathan Mirault, Jonathan Grainger","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001436","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We provide a further examination of the influence of top-down sentence-level constraints on the transposed-word effect by manipulating a factor-phrase frequency-that directly implicates sentence-level representations. The focus was on ungrammatical transposed-word sequences, and under the assumption that top-down influences would play a role in driving transposed-word effects, we predicted that ungrammatical decisions would be harder (longer reaction times and higher error rates) when the ungrammatical transposed-word sequences were derived from high-frequency compared with low-frequency phrases. Five experiments were conducted in which participants performed a speeded grammatical decision task. The results are clear-cut. Although phrase frequency did influence grammatical decisions to grammatically correct phrases, with shorter reaction times and lower error rates for high-frequency phrases relative to low-frequency phrases (Experiment 4), ungrammatical decisions were not influenced by the frequency of the base sentences from which the transposed-word sequences were formed, neither in the auditory (Experiments 1 and 2) nor in the visual modality (Experiment 3). In Experiment 5, we show that a transposed-word effect is observed when comparing the transposed-word sequences of Experiment 3 with nontransposed control sequences. We conclude that frequency-sensitive sentence-level constraints, as measured as the frequency of occurrence of a sequence of words in corpora of spoken and written language, do not modulate transposed-word effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1497-1506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-identification of autism: Why some autistic adults lack a clinical diagnosis and why this matters for inclusion.","authors":"Katherine Ardeleanu, Hillary Steinberg, Tamara Garfield, Samuelle Voltaire, Lindsay Shea, Maci Brown, Kyle Chvasta, Catherine Do Tan","doi":"10.1177/13623613241297222","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613241297222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism research and services have historically focused on individuals with a formal autism diagnosis. However, activists and self-advocates in the United States recognize that there are financial and clinical barriers impeding access to formal diagnostic evaluations for autism. Research also suggests that groups on the margins of autism, specifically those who are not White, young, or assigned male at birth, receive later diagnoses, if diagnosed at all. In particular, individuals who are autistic and LGTBQ+ are likely to not be afforded opportunities to be assessed and diagnosed. We conducted interviews with 65 queer and transgender autistic adults who either self-identified as autistic or had a formal autism diagnosis about their experiences with and perceptions of autism diagnosis. We found that participants derived a sense of meaning and affirmation from their autistic diagnosis and/or identity, faced significant barriers and deterrents to diagnosis, and experienced invalidation as both a barrier to and product of diagnosis. We argue that self-identified autistic individuals provide valuable context and data for many of the social processes and preferences reported by autistic people. We offer recommendations for research and services, specifically that many should not require formal autism diagnoses of participants.Lay abstractMost autism research and services focus on individuals with formal autism diagnoses. However, autism activists and self-advocates have raised awareness about the challenges that can prevent individuals from seeking or getting an autism diagnosis. We interviewed 65 queer and transgender adults who either self-identified as autistic without a formal diagnosis or who had a formal autism diagnosis. We found that participants made meaning of their autistic diagnosis and/or identity and found affirmation in this, faced significant barriers and deterrents to getting diagnosed, and experienced invalidation as both a barrier to and product of diagnosis. Due to the challenges that individuals face in getting a diagnosis, we recommend that researchers and advocates consider including self-identified autistic individuals in research and services.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"2344-2355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}