Journal of Interpersonal Violence最新文献

{"title":"Role of Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences on Infant Neglect: A Multi-Perspective Approach.","authors":"Xuan Zhang, Yiping Xiao, Fangxiang Mao, Zhaojuan Xu, Fenglin Cao","doi":"10.1177/08862605241248437","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08862605241248437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explored the intergenerational transmission effects of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and infant neglect from multiple perspectives. The study included a sample of postpartum mothers and infants (<i>N</i> = 550) from the outpatient child health care department of a tertiary hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Our investigation followed three main lines of inquiry. First, the association of overall maternal ACEs with infant neglect was estimated. Secondly, the cumulative and independent effects of maternal ACEs on infant neglect were explored using the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire-Revised (ACEQ-R) with 14 types of ACEs. Finally, the different patterns of 14 maternal ACEs were identified, and the association between the different patterns and infant neglect was explored. There were three main findings. First, infants born to mothers with ACEs experienced higher levels of neglect compared to those born to mothers without ACEs. Second, infants born to mothers with three or more subtypes of ACEs experienced the greatest levels of neglect, with maternal childhood physical neglect emerging as a particularly influential factor. Third, infants in the \"median maternal ACEs\" and \"high maternal neglect and poor peer relationship\" groups experienced more severe neglect than those in the \"low maternal ACEs\" group. These results suggest that early life experiences substantially shape future parenting behaviors, such as infant neglect.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"443-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Trends in Intimate Partner Rape and Marital/Spousal Rape During the Biennium 2020 and 2021, Including the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece.","authors":"Maria-Valeria Karakasi, Ioannis Nikolaidis, Eleni Fotou, Anestis Sapounas, Apostolos Patounas, Sofia Sakka, Charalampos Ntentopoulos, Pavlos Pavlidis, Polychronis Voultsos","doi":"10.1177/08862605241247552","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08862605241247552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate partner or marital/spousal rape is a phenomenon with unique characteristics and dynamics. Furthermore, it is an under-explored, under-defined, under-reported, and widely tolerated phenomenon. Gender-based violence and intimate partner violence are the main topics of the present study. The study aimed at exploring the trends in reported intimate partner and marital/spousal rape, within the wider context of reported domestic violence during the years 2020 and 2021 in Greece. Statistical analysis has not indicated positive correlation between the rate of reported domestic violence per year and the rate of reported domestic rape per year, with the former following an upward trend and the latter maintaining an almost steady course. Similarly, the rate of reported victims of intimate partner rape per year remained almost stable within in the 2 years. Importantly however, in 2021, the rate of reported victims of marital rape per year increased remarkably compared to 2020. In 2021, the rates of reported domestic violence per month and reported domestic rape per month indicated remarkable increase over the period May to December 2021. Notwithstanding, the rates mentioned above remained almost stable over the year 2020, showing an upward trend during the summer months. In August 2020 and 2021 the abovementioned rates reached their peak. In both years, the vast majority of victims of domestic rape were females, mostly between 30 and 45 years of age. The present study indicated an increase in rates of reported domestic violence and reported domestic rape per month after the lockdowns, especially after the second long-lasting lockdown that ended in May 2021. This increase, however, might be only apparent. Further research is needed to study the epidemiology of intimate partner and marital rape over a much longer timespan to provide further insight into the dynamics surrounding a public health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"370-396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spatial Scale and Spread of Child Victimization.","authors":"Gia Elise Barboza-Salerno, Holly Thurston, Bridget Freisthler","doi":"10.1177/08862605241245388","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08862605241245388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research shows that large, densely populated urban areas have higher rates of child victimization that have persisted over time. However, few investigations have inquired about the processes that produce and sustain hot and cold spots of child victimization. As a result, the mechanisms that produce the observed spatial clustering of child victimization, and hence \"why\" harms against children tend to cluster in space, remains unknown. Does the likelihood of being a victim of violence in one location depend on a similar event happening in a nearby location within a specified timeframe? Rather, are child victims of violence more likely to reside in suboptimal neighborhood conditions? This paper aims to present an analytical and theoretical framework for distinguishing between these locational (point) processes to determine whether the empirical spatial patterns undergirding child victimization are more reflective of the \"spread\" via contagion (i.e., dependency) or whether they are produced by neighborhood structural inequality resulting from spatial heterogeneity. To detect spatial dependence, we applied the inhomogeneous <i>K</i>-function to Los Angeles Medical Examiner data on child homicide victim locations while controlling for regional differences in victimization events (i.e., heterogeneity). Our analysis found strong evidence of spatial clustering in child victimization at small spatial scales but inhibition at larger scales. We further found limited support for the spatiotemporal clustering of child victimization indicative of a contagion effect. Overall, our results support the role of neighborhood structural vulnerability in the underlying mechanisms producing patterns of child victimization across Los Angeles County. We conclude by discussing the policy implications for understanding this spatial patterning in geographical context and for developing effective and targeted preventive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"121-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Victim-Perpetrator Overlap in Adolescent Dating Violence in China: A Latent Class Analysis.","authors":"Nicole W T Cheung, Wei Yao","doi":"10.1177/08862605241303960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241303960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a limited understanding of the pathways that lead to victim-perpetrator overlap in adolescent dating violence (ADV) particularly in developing countries such as China. Applying a latent class approach, the present study focuses on whether the overlap can be explained by theoretical constructs grounded in social learning, general strain, and social bonding theories, and whether these constructs relate to underexplored mediating mechanisms or are direct precursors. The study sample consisted of 1,787 dating adolescents (39.8% male; mean age = 17.82 ± 0.92 years) from a population of 5,820 adolescents in 32 high schools in Chinese cities and rural counties. We found a significant victim-perpetrator overlap in controlling, psychological, and physical ADV, with the proclivity increasing with the severity of ADV. Membership of groups engaged in general delinquency and those engaged in dating violence increased the odds of victim-perpetrator overlap. Peer bullying victimization was the most consistent direct predictor of victim-perpetrator overlap in family/peer/community settings; victimization resulting from interparental violence during childhood, peer bullying, and community violence was the most consistent indirect predictor. Neighborhood bonds had a greater impact than social bonds with family and school in terms of direct and indirect protective effects against victim-perpetrator overlap. Patterns of exposure to violent victimization in family/peer/community settings and patterns of social bonds cast new light on the nature of deviant peer (general delinquency vs. ADV) networks, which were found to operate as major mediating mechanisms in victim-perpetrator overlap.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605241303960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Impacts of Technology-Facilitated Abuse Among U.S. Young Adults.","authors":"Jackie Sheridan-Johnson, Elizabeth A Mumford, Elizabeth A Moschella-Smith, Poulami Maitra, David B Rein, Emily F Rothman","doi":"10.1177/08862605241305146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241305146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) can result in long-term financial and mental health impacts on survivors. However, little research has been published to date about the types of costs and the economic burden that survivors of TFA experience. This study presents results from a U.S. nationally representative sample of young adults aged 18 to 35 on financial cost experienced as a result of TFA, including findings of healthcare utilization and associated healthcare costs. Respondents who reported experiencing one or more forms of TFA were asked about the lifetime health and economic impacts of the TFA. Nearly one in five TFA survivors (18.2%) reported experiencing an economic cost from the TFA, with a median total cost of $900 USD. There was a significant difference in the likelihood of reporting a financial cost among TFA survivors by race/ethnicity, TFA exposure, average use of online sites/apps, and the number of sites/apps used. Financial fraud, technology, and housing costs were the most common types of cost reported. More than 1 in 10 survivors (11.3%) reported receiving mental health counseling related to the TFA, with a per-person total cost estimate of $6,228 USD from mental health counseling. A similar proportion (11.6%) of TFA survivors reported taking one or more prescribed medications to manage the impact of the TFA, with an average duration of 37.4 weeks of use. Older age, identifying as non-Hispanic Black/African American or Hispanic/Latino/a/x, identifying as a sexual or gender minority, and greater TFA severity were associated with higher financial cost reported. Findings present novel information on the economic and psychological harms associated with TFA and indicate the importance of access to mental health and financial support services for TFA survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605241305146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of Self-Reported Health Consequences of Violence from 2000 to 2018 and Associated Factors in Mexican Adolescents and Adult Women at the National Level.","authors":"Martha Itzel García Torres, Betania Allen-Leigh, Ana Cristina Basto Abreu, Lea Aurora Cupul-Uicab, Leticia Hernández Cadena","doi":"10.1177/08862605241299814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241299814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Violence has negative effects on women's physical, mental, sexual, reproductive, and behavioral health. Globally, 50% to 80% of women who have experienced violence suffer some health consequences. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trends of self-reported health consequences of violence among Mexican adolescents and women from 2000 to 2018. Data from four nationally representative Mexican surveys (2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018) were analyzed using logistic regression models to assess trends in the health consequences of violence stratified by age, education, place of residence, employment, pregnancy status, and location of violence. We employed a probit regression model to assess sociodemographic determinants that contribute to a higher likelihood of experiencing community violence compared to violence at home. In the 2018 survey, the health consequences of violence were observed in 1.9% of adult women and 2.2% of adolescents. We identified a significant annual increase in the health consequences of violence, especially in 2012 and among adolescents. Similarly, there was an increase in the health consequences among adults due to community violence (8.1% annual increase), and the rise was higher among adolescents (9.4% annual increase). Urban residence, higher education, and economic activity significantly increased the likelihood of community violence exposure in adult women, while higher education was a significant factor among adolescents. This study significantly contributes to filling the knowledge gap regarding the health consequences of violence against women among adolescent and adult women, underscoring the need for early interventions and public policies to reduce exposure and mitigate long-term health effects on Mexican women.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605241299814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malleable and Static Risk Factors Associated with Boys' Patterns of Interpersonal Violence: A Latent Class Analysis.","authors":"Andrew J Rizzo, Nichole M Scaglione, Ashley Lowe, Marni L Kan","doi":"10.1177/08862605241303951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241303951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite an increased risk of committing and experiencing violence among adolescent boys, little is known about either how different types of violence co-occur within individuals or their association with different risk factors. This study used a person-centered approach to (1) identify patterns in boys' perpetration and victimization across a range of 7 types of interpersonal violence (bullying, electronic aggression, sexual harassment/aggression; and psychological/ physical/sexual dating violence); and (2) examine the association of these patterns with 12 risk factors at the individual, relational, and community level to inform future prevention efforts. We used latent class analysis to identify patterns of violence among a diverse sample of 239 adolescent boys from 12 schools in 4 regions of the United States. Four classes were identified: The LOW-ALL group (36.4% of the sample) described boys unlikely to commit or experience any forms of violence. The PERP-MULTI group (20.9%) included boys with a high probability of committing bullying and sexual harassment and a relatively lower probability of experiencing sexual harassment. The EQUAL-PEER-SH group (33.5%) described boys with a high probability of both committing and experiencing sexual harassment, bullying, and electronic aggression. The smallest group of boys, labeled HIGH-ALL (9.2%), were at a high probability of committing and experiencing nearly all types of violence examined. We used weighted multiple-group analysis to compare risk factors across the latent groups identified. Attitudes supporting violence, internalized traditional masculinity, delinquency, school withdrawal, and both family and community violence exposure were significantly higher in groups with a high likelihood to commit various types of violence. These findings provide practical guidance for enhancing universal and selected violence prevention efforts for adolescent boys.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605241303951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Conditional Indirect Effects Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, Social Support, and Race With Alcohol Consumption among Postpartum Mothers","authors":"Jessica K. Perrotte, Timothy J. Grigsby, Millie Cordaro, Sidney Chambless, Jusung Lee, Jeffrey T. Howard, Krista J. Howard","doi":"10.1177/08862605241303959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241303959","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use and alcohol-related mortality for pregnant and postpartum women have increased, and there are racial disparities in both alcohol consumption and pregnancy outcomes. In addition, data indicate that women of Color are more likely to experience many forms of violence and face more adverse consequences from violence than non-Hispanic White women. Therefore, the current study examined how the direct and indirect pathways between intimate partner violence (IPV), depressive symptoms, and alcohol consumption are moderated by both social support and race among postpartum women. In 2022, a cross-sectional survey was administered to participants across the U.S., including 503 postpartum mothers. Participants responded to a survey battery assessing three social support strategies (appraisal support, belonging support, and tangible support), IPV, depressive symptomology, race, and alcohol consumption. A conditional process model was specified to examine the multifaceted direct and indirect relationships between IPV, the three aspects of social support, depressive symptomology, race, and alcohol consumption among postpartum mothers. Postpartum mothers experiencing violence consumed more alcohol, and depressive symptoms partially accounted for this relationship; however, some pathways were conditional upon either social support or race. For instance, women of Color who experienced violence consumed more alcohol than White women who experienced violence. Also, the protective effects of Appraisal Support in relation to depressive symptoms was stronger for White women than women of Color, while higher Belonging Support was more protective against alcohol consumption for women of Color than White women. Each social support approach contributed unique insights into the multidimensional nature of these relationships, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets for prevention–intervention efforts utilizing social support as a key buffering mechanism.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Violent Fatalities Among People Experiencing Homelessness Using the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2010 to 2021","authors":"Bridget Duffy, Saroj Bista, Nichole L. Michaels","doi":"10.1177/08862605241303955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241303955","url":null,"abstract":"Homelessness continues to be a serious public health problem in the United States. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face stark health inequities, including high mortality rates and increased risk of violence victimization. Little is known about the risk factors around PEH dying violently. The objective of this study is to comprehensively describe these fatalities to inform future research and prevention efforts for this population. This retrospective study utilized data from the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2010 to 2021 to characterize and compare fatalities among PEH versus people who were not experiencing homelessness (PNEH). This study identified 7,231 PEH and 423,363 PNEH victims. Among PEH, the most common manners of death were suicide (44.9%) and homicide (31.0%), most were male (83.0%), and White, non-Hispanic (59.3%). Compared to PNEH, a significantly greater proportion of PEH had an alcohol problem (26.9% vs. 15.2%; p &lt; .001) or other substance use problem (48.8% vs. 19.6%; p &lt; .001). Among decedents who had a current mental health problem (PEH: 33.6% vs. PNEH: 36.7%), a smaller percentage of PEH were currently receiving treatment (PEH: 13.9% vs. PNEH: 20.7%; p&lt;.001). Among those who died by suicide, more PEH had a recent eviction/loss of home that contributed to the death, compared to PNEH (21.0% vs. 2.8%; p &lt; .001). Among individuals who died by homicide, PEH were significantly more likely to be killed by a random act of violence (PEH: 5.1% vs. PNEH: 2.6%; p &lt; .001). These findings highlight unique characteristics of violent deaths among PEH, including circumstances involving mental health and substance use problems, and identify key intervention points for suicide prevention among this population. Future research to help prevent violence-related deaths among PEH would benefit by improved data collection methods to reduce missing data and linkages with other data sources.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Maltreatment and Symptomatology: Validating the Social Discrimination and Maltreatment Scale-Short Form in a Diverse Online Sample.","authors":"John Briere, Marsha Runtz, Elise Villenueve, Natacha Godbout","doi":"10.1177/08862605241301791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241301791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are few psychometrically valid measures of exposure to social maltreatment that simultaneously assess sexism, racism, and anti-LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other nonheteronormative) behavior, despite the commonness of these phenomena. The <i>Social Discrimination and Maltreatment Scale</i> (SDMS) meets this requirement but is, as a result, somewhat lengthy (36 items). This article introduces a short form of the SDMS containing only half the number of items but generally retaining the psychometric qualities of the original measure. The 18-item <i>Social Discrimination and Maltreatment Scale-Short Form</i> (SDMS-SF) consists of six SDMS stem items (e.g., <i>I have been disrespected, People made cruel or demeaning jokes about me</i>) each of which is rated according to how often it had happened <i>\"because of my sex,\" \"because of my race,\"</i> and <i>\"because of my sexual orientation or gender identity.\"</i> In the SDMS online sample (<i>N</i> = 528), SDMS-SF <i>Sexism, Racism</i>, and <i>Cisheterosexism</i> subscales were validated by confirmatory factor analysis and were internally consistent (α = .91-.95) and highly correlated with the original SDMS subscales (<i>r</i> = .94 in all cases). All SDMS-SF subscales correlated with self-reported anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress (mean <i>r</i> = .29), corresponding to a medium effect size. In all but one instance, related SDMS and SDMS-SF subscales did not differ significantly in the strength of their association with symptomatology. Together, these results suggest that the SDMS-SF is a reliable and valid measure of social discrimination, generally equivalent to the SDMS despite containing only half as many items.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605241301791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}