Behavior Research Methods最新文献

Are Bayesian regularization methods a must for multilevel dynamic latent variables models?

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02589-9

Vivato V Andriamiarana, Pascal Kilian, Holger Brandt, Augustin Kelava

{"title":"Are Bayesian regularization methods a must for multilevel dynamic latent variables models?","authors":"Vivato V Andriamiarana, Pascal Kilian, Holger Brandt, Augustin Kelava","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02589-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-024-02589-9","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increased availability of intensive longitudinal data, researchers have been able to specify increasingly complex dynamic latent variable models. However, these models present challenges related to overfitting, hierarchical features, non-linearity, and sample size requirements. There are further limitations to be addressed regarding the finite sample performance of priors, including bias, accuracy, and type I error inflation. Bayesian estimation provides the flexibility to treat these issues simultaneously through the use of regularizing priors. In this paper, we aim to compare several Bayesian regularizing priors (ridge, Bayesian Lasso, adaptive spike-and-slab Lasso, and regularized horseshoe). To achieve this, we introduce a multilevel dynamic latent variable model. We then conduct two simulation studies and a prior sensitivity analysis using empirical data. The results show that the ridge prior is able to provide sparse estimation while avoiding overshrinkage of relevant signals, in comparison to other Bayesian regularization priors. In addition, we find that the Lasso and heavy-tailed regularizing priors do not perform well compared to light-tailed priors for the logistic model. In the context of multilevel dynamic latent variable modeling, it is often attractive to diversify the choice of priors. However, we instead suggest prioritizing the choice of ridge priors without extreme shrinkage, which we show can handle the trade-off between informativeness and generality, compared to other priors with high concentration around zero and/or heavy tails.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 2","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A beginner's guide to eye tracking for psycholinguistic studies of reading.

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02572-4

Elizabeth R Schotter, Brian Dillon

{"title":"A beginner's guide to eye tracking for psycholinguistic studies of reading.","authors":"Elizabeth R Schotter, Brian Dillon","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02572-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02572-4","url":null,"abstract":"Eye tracking has been a popular methodology used to study the visual, cognitive, and linguistic processes underlying word recognition and sentence parsing during reading for several decades. However, the successful use of eye tracking requires researchers to make deliberate choices about how they apply this technique, and there is wide variability across labs and fields with respect to which choices are \"standard.\" We aim to provide an easy-to-reference guideline that can help new researchers with their entrée into eye-tracking-while-reading research. Because the standards do - and should - vary from field to field or study to study as is appropriate for the research question, we do not set a rigid recipe for handling eye tracking data, but rather provide a conceptual framework within which researchers can make informed decisions about how to treat their data so that it is most informative for their research question. Therefore, this paper provides a description of eye movements in reading and an overview of psycholinguistic research on the topic, an overview of experiment design considerations, a description of the data processing pipeline and important choice points and implications, an overview of common dependent measures and their calculation, and a summary of resources for data analysis.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 2","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of the Children's International Cognitive Ability Resource (Ch-ICAR).

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02591-1

Merel Dutry, Alexandra Vereeck, Wouter Duyck, Eva Derous, Stijn Schelfhout, Arnaud Szmalec, Evy Woumans, Mark Schittekatte, Dries Debeer, Nicolas Dirix

{"title":"Validation of the Children's International Cognitive Ability Resource (Ch-ICAR).","authors":"Merel Dutry, Alexandra Vereeck, Wouter Duyck, Eva Derous, Stijn Schelfhout, Arnaud Szmalec, Evy Woumans, Mark Schittekatte, Dries Debeer, Nicolas Dirix","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02591-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02591-1","url":null,"abstract":"The International Cognitive Ability Resource, abbreviated ICAR, counters some of the practical problems researchers face when using good, but proprietary, licensed intelligence tests like the Wechsler tests, which include unfeasible administration times and financial costs. So far, ICAR has been validated for adolescents and adults in many countries, offering a viable test alternative for these populations. For use among children, however, the appropriateness of this resource was yet unknown. Therefore, we set out to develop a children's ICAR: an instrument composed of ICAR-items, which provides a measure of cognitive ability in children between 11 and 14 years of age. The present article discusses the compilation process of the Ch-ICAR drawing from a pilot study, and evaluates its validity based on two additional studies. The pilot study involved 99 primary school pupils and aimed to select items for the Ch-ICAR instrument. Study 1 investigated the basic psychometric qualities of the Ch-ICAR in a sample of 820 secondary school pupils. Study 2 examined the construct validity by cross-validating the Ch-ICAR with on the one hand Raven's 2 Progressive Matrices, and on the other hand the Flemish CoVaT-CHC Basic Version, relying on samples of 91 secondary and 96 primary school pupils, respectively. Results support the utility of the Ch-ICAR as a measure of children's cognitive abilities within a research context.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 2","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An AIC-type information criterion evaluating theory-based hypotheses for contingency tables.

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02570-6

Yasin Altinisik, Roy S Hessels, Caspar J Van Lissa, Rebecca M Kuiper

{"title":"An AIC-type information criterion evaluating theory-based hypotheses for contingency tables.","authors":"Yasin Altinisik, Roy S Hessels, Caspar J Van Lissa, Rebecca M Kuiper","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02570-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-024-02570-6","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers face inevitable difficulties when evaluating theory-based hypotheses in the context of contingency tables. Log-linear models are often insufficient to evaluate such hypotheses, as they do not provide enough information on complex relationships between cell probabilities in many real-life applications. These models are usually used to evaluate the relationships between variables using only equality restrictions between model parameters, while specifying theory-based hypotheses often also requires inequality restrictions. Moreover, high-dimensional contingency tables generally contain low cell counts and/or empty cells, complicating parameter estimation in log-linear models. The presence of many parameters in these models also causes difficulties in interpretation when evaluating the hypotheses of interest. This study proposes a method that simplifies evaluating theory-based hypotheses for high-dimensional contingency tables by simultaneously addressing each of the above problems. With this method, theory-based hypotheses, which are specified using equality and/or inequality constraints with respect to (functions of) cell probabilities, are evaluated using an AIC-type information criterion, GORICA. We conduct a simulation study to evaluate the performance of GORICA in the context of contingency tables. Two empirical examples illustrate the use of the method.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 2","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The fundamentals of eye tracking part 3: How to choose an eye tracker.

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02587-x

Marcus Nyström, Ignace T C Hooge, Roy S Hessels, Richard Andersson, Dan Witzner Hansen, Roger Johansson, Diederick C Niehorster

引用次数: 0

Criterion validity of five open-source app-based cognitive and sensory tasks in an Australian adult life course sample aged 18 to 82: Labs without walls.

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02583-1

Shally Zhou, Brooke Brady, Kaarin J Anstey

{"title":"Criterion validity of five open-source app-based cognitive and sensory tasks in an Australian adult life course sample aged 18 to 82: Labs without walls.","authors":"Shally Zhou, Brooke Brady, Kaarin J Anstey","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02583-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-024-02583-1","url":null,"abstract":"With recent technical advances, many cognitive and sensory tasks have been adapted for smartphone testing. This study aimed to assess the criterion validity of a subset of self-administered, open-source app-based cognitive and sensory tasks by comparing test performance to lab-based alternatives. An in-person baseline was completed by 43 participants (aged 21 to 82) from the larger Labs without Walls project (Brady et al., 2023) to compare the self-administered, app-based tasks with researcher-administered equivalents. 4 preset tasks sourced from Apple's ResearchKit (Spatial Memory, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, and dBHL Tone Audiometry) and 1 custom-built task (Ishihara Color Deficiency Test) were compared. All tasks except the Spatial Memory task demonstrated high comparability to the researcher-administered version. Specifically, the Trail Making Tests were strongly correlated (.77 and .78 for parts A and B, respectively), Stroop correlations ranged from .77 to .89 and the Ishihara tasks were moderately correlated (r = .69). ICCs for the Audiometry task ranged from .56 to .96 (Moderate to Excellent) with 83% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Bland-Altman plots revealed a mean bias between -5.35 to 9.67 dB for each ear and frequency with an overall bias of 3.02 and 1.98 for the left and right ears, respectively, within the minimum testing interval. Furthermore, all app-based tasks were significantly correlated with age. These results offer preliminary evidence of the validity of four open-source cognitive and sensory tasks with implications for effective remote testing in non-lab settings.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 2","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards a characterization of human spatial exploration behavior.

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02581-3

Valentin Baumann, Johannes Dambacher, Marit F L Ruitenberg, Judith Schomaker, Kerstin Krauel

{"title":"Towards a characterization of human spatial exploration behavior.","authors":"Valentin Baumann, Johannes Dambacher, Marit F L Ruitenberg, Judith Schomaker, Kerstin Krauel","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02581-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-024-02581-3","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial exploration is a complex behavior that can be used to gain information about developmental processes, personality traits, or mental disorders. Typically, this is done by analyzing movement throughout an unknown environment. However, in human research, until now there has been no overview on how to analyze movement trajectories with regard to exploration. In the current paper, we provide a discussion of the most common movement measures currently used in human research on spatial exploration, and suggest new indices to capture the efficiency of exploration. We additionally analyzed a large dataset (n = 409) of human participants exploring a novel virtual environment to investigate whether movement measures could be assigned to meaningful higher-order components. Hierarchical clustering of the different measures revealed three different components of exploration (exploratory behavior, spatial shape, and exploration efficiency) that in part replicate components of spatial exploratory behavior identified in animal studies. A validation of our analysis on a second dataset (n = 102) indicated that two of these clusters are stable across different contexts as well as participant samples. For the exploration efficiency cluster, our validation showed that it can be further differentiated into a goal-directed versus a general, area-directed component. By also sharing data and code for our analyses, our results provide much-needed tools for the systematic analysis of human spatial exploration behavior.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 2","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CNEV: A corpus of Chinese nonverbal emotional vocalizations with a database of emotion category, valence, arousal, and gender. 中文非语言情绪发声语料库，包含情绪类别、效价、唤醒和性别数据库。

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02595-x

Zhongqing Jiang, Yanling Long, Xi'e Zhang, Yangtao Liu, Xue Bai

{"title":"CNEV: A corpus of Chinese nonverbal emotional vocalizations with a database of emotion category, valence, arousal, and gender.","authors":"Zhongqing Jiang, Yanling Long, Xi'e Zhang, Yangtao Liu, Xue Bai","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02595-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02595-x","url":null,"abstract":"Nonverbal emotional vocalizations play a crucial role in conveying emotions during human interactions. Validated corpora of these vocalizations have facilitated emotion-related research and found wide-ranging applications. However, existing corpora have lacked representation from diverse cultural backgrounds, which may limit the generalizability of the resulting theories. The present paper introduces the Chinese Nonverbal Emotional Vocalization (CNEV) corpus, the first nonverbal emotional vocalization corpus recorded and validated entirely by Mandarin speakers from China. The CNEV corpus contains 2415 vocalizations across five emotion categories: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, and neutrality. It also includes a database containing subjective evaluation data on emotion category, valence, arousal, and speaker gender, as well as the acoustic features of the vocalizations. Key conclusions drawn from statistical analyses of perceptual evaluations and acoustic analysis include the following: (1) the CNEV corpus exhibits adequate reliability and high validity; (2) perceptual evaluations reveal a tendency for individuals to associate anger with male voices and fear with female voices; (3) acoustic analysis indicates that males are more effective at expressing anger, while females excel in expressing fear; and (4) the observed perceptual patterns align with the acoustic analysis results, suggesting that the perceptual differences may stem not only from the subjective factors of perceivers but also from objective expressive differences in the vocalizations themselves. For academic research purposes, the CNEV corpus and database are freely available for download at https://osf.io/6gy4v/ .","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 2","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptual coherence but methodological mayhem: A systematic review of absolute pitch phenotyping. 概念一致性但方法混乱：绝对音高表型的系统回顾。

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02577-z

Jane E Bairnsfather, Miriam A Mosing, Margaret S Osborne, Sarah J Wilson

{"title":"Conceptual coherence but methodological mayhem: A systematic review of absolute pitch phenotyping.","authors":"Jane E Bairnsfather, Miriam A Mosing, Margaret S Osborne, Sarah J Wilson","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02577-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-024-02577-z","url":null,"abstract":"Despite extensive research on absolute pitch (AP), there remains no gold-standard task to measure its presence or extent. This systematic review investigated the methods of pitch-naming tasks for the classification of individuals with AP and examined how our understanding of the AP phenotype is affected by variability in the tasks used to measure it. Data extracted from 160 studies (N = 23,221 participants) included (i) the definition of AP, (ii) task characteristics, (iii) scoring method, and (iv) participant scores. While there was near-universal agreement (99%) in the conceptual definition of AP, task characteristics such as stimulus range and timbre varied greatly. Ninety-five studies (59%) specified a pitch-naming accuracy threshold for AP classification, which ranged from 20 to 100% (mean = 77%, SD = 20), with additional variability introduced by 31 studies that assigned credit to semitone errors. When examining participants' performance rather than predetermined thresholds, mean task accuracy (not including semitone errors) was 85.9% (SD = 10.8) for AP participants and 17.0% (SD = 10.5) for non-AP participants. This review shows that the characterisation of the AP phenotype varies based on methodological choices in tasks and scoring, limiting the generalisability of individual studies. To promote a more coherent approach to AP phenotyping, recommendations about the characteristics of a gold-standard pitch-naming task are provided based on the review findings. Future work should also use data-driven techniques to characterise phenotypic variability to support the development of a taxonomy of AP phenotypes to advance our understanding of its mechanisms and genetic basis.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 2","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eyewitness Lineup Identity (ELI) database: Crime videos and mugshots for eyewitness identification research. 目击者阵容识别（ELI）数据库：犯罪录像和面部照片的目击者识别研究。

IF 4.6 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02585-z

Ryan J Fitzgerald, Eva Rubínová, Eva Ribbers, Stefana Juncu

{"title":"Eyewitness Lineup Identity (ELI) database: Crime videos and mugshots for eyewitness identification research.","authors":"Ryan J Fitzgerald, Eva Rubínová, Eva Ribbers, Stefana Juncu","doi":"10.3758/s13428-024-02585-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-024-02585-z","url":null,"abstract":"There is a long history of experimental research on eyewitness identification, and this typically involves staging a crime for participants to witness and then testing their memory of the \"culprit\" by administering a lineup of mugshots. We created an Eyewitness Lineup Identity (ELI) database, which includes crime videos and mugshot images of 231 identities. We arranged the mugshots into 6-, 9-, and 12-member lineups, and then we tested the stimuli in an eyewitness experiment. Participants (N = 1584) completed six trials of viewing a crime video and completing a lineup identification task. In lineups that included the culprit, the average probability of correction identification was 59.0%, 95% CI [55.9, 62.0]. In lineups that did not include the culprit, the average probability of false alarm was 29.9% [27.8, 32.0]. These outcomes indicate that the ELI database is suitable for eyewitness identification research, and the large number of crime videos would enable stimulus sampling. The database is available for research approved by a research ethics board and can be requested at https://osf.io/vrj3u .","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 2","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0