Behavior Research Methods最新文献

{"title":"Information-theoretic measures for mapping regularities between orthography and phonology: A comprehensive quantification and validation in the Chinese writing system.","authors":"Zhe Xiao, Huimin Xiao, Caihua Xu","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02721-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-025-02721-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information theory has been widely applied to quantify mapping regularities between orthography and phonology in alphabetic writing systems. However, their applicability to the Chinese writing system-marked by distinct mapping characteristics-remains underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive quantification of mapping regularities in the Chinese writing system using information-theoretic measures and validates their effectiveness. We first compute three core measures-entropy, surprisal, and information gain-across multiple dimensions: mapping direction (orthography-to-phonology vs. phonology-to-orthography), frequency type (type vs. token frequency), and grain size (tonal vs. base syllable; direct vs. fundamental phonetic radical), followed by an assessment of overall system uncertainty using entropy. Second, we demonstrate the ability of information-theoretic measures to predict Chinese reading performance using a large-scale Chinese naming dataset. Third, we show that these measures capture unique aspects of character variability in naming performance not accounted for by traditional measures (i.e., regularity and consistency). Finally, by comparing information-theoretic measures across different mapping directions, frequency data types, and grain sizes, we highlight their flexibility in capturing unique aspects of character variability in naming performance. Critically, these findings hold across both a self-compiled database and an external corpus featuring a substantially larger token pool, underscoring the robustness and generalizability of these measures. In sum, we emphasize the effectiveness and adaptability of information-theoretic measures in capturing mapping regularities in a writing system that is notably distinct from alphabetic systems, and we discuss their promising applications for advancing psychological and linguistic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 9","pages":"232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital pathways beyond Western-centric participants.","authors":"Edmond Awad","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02751-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02751-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2010, Henrich and colleagues published a seminal article in which they noted that (1) studies in social and behavioural sciences oversample from Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) individuals, and (2) WEIRD subjects are particularly unusual compared to the rest of the world population with respect to several factors. Despite the positive reception of this article, not much has changed in the years to follow. For instance, reviews of recent papers in leading psychology journals reveal that only a small proportion of the studied samples originate from non-Western countries. This sampling bias cannot be excused for lack of means. The digital age has opened several opportunities to facilitate and support social science research with subjects from non-WEIRD backgrounds. In this article, I provide an overview of such tools and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of each.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 8","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dropout analysis: A method for data from Internet-based research and dropR, an R-based web app and package to analyze and visualize dropout.","authors":"Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Annika T Overlander, Matthias Bannert","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02730-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02730-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With Internet-based research, non-response such as lack of responses to particular items and dropout have become interesting dependent variables due to highly voluntary participation and large numbers of participants (Reips, 2000, 2002b). In this article, we develop and discuss the methodology of using and analyzing dropout in Internet-based research, and we present dropR, an R package and web service (web application) to analyze and visualize dropout. The web app was written in R using Shiny, a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics. Among other features, dropR turns input from datasets into accessible and publication-ready visual displays of dropout curves. It calculates parameters relevant to dropout analysis, such as chi-square values and odds ratios for points of difference, initial drop, and percent remaining in stable states. It provides Kaplan-Meier survival statistics and tests survival curve differences. With automated inferential components, it identifies critical points in dropout and critical differences between dropout curves for different experimental conditions (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and rho-family statistics) and produces related statistical copy. Requiring no programming knowledge, dropR is provided as a free web application at https://dropr.eu and for programmers as an R package (under a cost free general public license, GPL-3, https://cran.r-project.org/web/licenses/GPL-3 ) from researchers for researchers. All code and materials are openly available on GitHub ( https://github.com/iscience-kn/dropR ).</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 8","pages":"231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking causal inference for recurring exposures: The incremental propensity score approach with lavaan.","authors":"Wen Wei Loh, Dongning Ren, Yves Rosseel","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02735-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02735-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scholars are often interested in evaluating the causal effects of a recurring exposure (e.g., family violence) on behavioral and psychological outcomes. However, causal inference of recurring exposures is challenging. Conventional analytic approaches target causal quantities lacking practical relevance, such as mandating everyone to uniformly always be exposed or unexposed to family violence. Estimation further relies on everyone having a non-zero probability of being either exposed or unexposed at each occurrence, which is frequently unrealistic when past exposures perfectly predict future exposures. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach from the causal inference literature for drawing causal conclusions about recurring exposures: the incremental propensity score intervention (IPSI). IPSI frames causal questions more realistically by assessing how changing the propensity of a recurring exposure may influence an outcome. To facilitate the adoption of IPSI for recurring exposures, we develop an estimation procedure using lavaan, a widely used structural equation modeling software in R. We demonstrate the application of IPSI with a real-world dataset investigating the impact of recurring family violence on adolescent depression. IPSI requires fewer assumptions than existing approaches while offering more meaningful insights into the causal effects of recurring exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 8","pages":"230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic temporal analysis of speech: A quick and objective pipeline for the assessment of overt stuttering.","authors":"Vishruta Yawatkar, Ho Ming Chow, Evan Usler","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02733-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02733-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluency disorders, such as developmental stuttering, have been characterized by behavior such as blocks, repetitions, and prolongations in speech. Accurate measurement of overt stuttering behavior can aid in diagnostic evaluation and the determination of optimal treatment for this disorder. This study proposes a method - Automatic Temporal Analysis of Speech (ATAS) - for the assessment of speech fluency based on the detection and quantification of discrete pauses and vocal events. Our ATAS metrics include speech rate, total pause time, pause count, mean pause duration, mean vocal duration, pause duration variability, and vocal duration variability. We used oral reading audio samples from a total of 35 English-speaking participants: 17 from adults who stutter (AWS) and 18 from adults who do not stutter (AWNS). AWS, in general, exhibited more pausing or hesitancy in speech compared to AWNS, as evidenced by slower speech rate, greater total pause time, higher pause count, and longer mean duration of pause events. Numerous pause and vocal metrics acquired from ATAS were correlated with a canonical measure of stuttering frequency percent syllables stuttered, suggesting that automatically detected temporal metrics of pause and vocal events within continuous speech are highly associated with overt stuttering behavior. ATAS metrics generally predicted the status of each participant as either an AWS or AWNS grouping with accuracies considerably higher than random guessing using random forest and LSTM classifiers. This pipeline may provide an alternative and complementary method that speech-language pathologists and other health professionals can use in the assessment of fluency disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 8","pages":"228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel reaction time assessment in virtual reality: Advantages over computerized tests.","authors":"Topaz Loushy Kay, Ella Been, Chaim G Pick","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02752-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02752-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reaction time (RT) is a fundamental cognitive function impacting daily life and sports activities. Despite the increasing use of virtual reality (VR) for cognitive assessments, its efficacy for RT assessments remains uncertain. We aimed to develop and validate a novel RT test in VR, and to explore the potential contributions of VR technology to RT assessment. Forty-eight participants completed a computerized RT test (COM-RT) and a novel RT test in VR (VR-RT). The latter replicated the COM-RT test, assessing simple and choice RTs. Additionally, it introduced more complex conditions: reaching to touch static stimuli in known or unknown locations or moving stimuli. Correlations and differences between the tests and tasks were examined. Moderate-to-strong linear correlations were found between the tests for the simple (r ≥ 0.642) and choice (r ≥ 0.736) tasks, and the difference between them (r ≥ 0.677) (p < 0.001). However, RTs were significantly longer in the VR-RT test compared with the COM-RT test (p < 0.001). Significant differences were found among the RT-VR tasks (p < 0.001): reaching to touch stimuli involved longer RTs compared with pressing a button, and RT was even longer when stimuli appeared in unexpected locations. Moving stimuli were associated with shorter RT. Additionally, movement velocity was significantly higher when reaching for dynamic versus static stimuli in known or unknown locations (p < 0.001). VR is valid for RT measurement, yet its outcomes should be interpreted within its framework rather than in comparison to computer assessments. Furthermore, VR offers additional possibilities, such as using lifelike stimuli and measuring kinematics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 8","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing fine-grained sense-aware lexical sophistication indices based on the CEFR levels of word senses.","authors":"Nan Hu, Xiaofei Lu, Renfen Hu","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02741-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-025-02741-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lexical sophistication has garnered attention across diverse research domains in which language production and text complexity are relevant areas of study. Nevertheless, among the myriad existing lexical sophistication measures, the vast majority do not systematically differentiate different senses of polysemous words but rather treat all senses of a polysemous word as equally sophisticated. To address this limitation, the current study introduces a system that automatically assigns the words in a text to CEFR (i.e., the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) levels based on their senses used in context, using the English Vocabulary Profile as a reference. We further propose a set of fine-grained sense-aware lexical sophistication indices based on the CEFR levels of word senses and evaluate the extent to which these indices can predict holistic scores of second language (L2) English writing quality using 1,236 exam scripts from the CLC-FCE dataset (Yannakoudakis et al., 2011). The results show that these fine-grained sense-aware indices are more strongly correlated with scores than existing lexical sophistication measures, with three significant predictors explaining 11.8% of the variance in holistic scores. A regression model that combines the new indices with existing ones achieves substantially greater predictive power than models built with either set of indices alone. We discuss the potential implications of our findings for future research in L2 lexical sophistication.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 8","pages":"226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action and object picture naming in Turkish: A psycholinguistic database.","authors":"Elif İkbal Eskioğlu, N Evra Günhan Şenol, Talat Bulut","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02764-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-025-02764-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Naming is a complex cognitive process that is incorporated into various models of speech and language processing. The picture-naming task is commonly employed to study naming processes. Investigation of cognitive processes in a reliable manner requires normative databases. The primary aim of the present study was to create a normative database for action and object picture naming in Turkish-speaking young, healthy adults, incorporating naming latencies and various relevant measures that may affect naming performance. In addition, the current study examined the effects of word category (action, object), lemma frequency, age of acquisition, name agreement (H index), word length, visual complexity, and conceptual complexity on naming latencies. Forty healthy adults between 18 and 38 years of age who were all native speakers of Turkish participated in the study. The participants were asked to name 62 action and 198 object pictures selected from the International Picture-Naming Project. The study resulted in the creation of a picture-naming database for Turkish, which provides naming latencies and name agreement scores along with various other relevant variables and their correlation matrix. Also, a linear mixed-effects model showed that name agreement (H index) and age of acquisition had a significant effect on naming latencies, highlighting the importance of these factors for picture naming in Turkish. The database can be used in future research in Turkish to consider naming difficulty associated with each action and object picture, to match stimuli on relevant measures, and/or to control for these measures as covariates in statistical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 8","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the intensity-ambiguity relationships among affective and lexico-semantic variables in Chinese characters and the character-word relationships in Chinese two-character words.","authors":"Xi Cheng, Chi-Shing Tse, Yuen-Lai Chan, Kai Yan Lau, Yen Na Yum","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02753-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02753-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the lexical characteristics of Chinese characters is crucial given their extensive usage and unique logographic structure. In this study, we normed affective ratings (valence and arousal) for 3971 Chinese characters. We investigated the relationships between intensity (mean rating) and ambiguity (rating variability) of these affective variables, alongside additional lexico-semantic variables from Su et al., Behavior Research Methods, 55(6), 2989-3008, (2022). Drawing on lexical data from 25,281 two-character words available in the Chinese Lexicon Project (Tse et al., Behavior Research Methods, 49(4), 1503-1519, 2017, Behavior Research Methods, 55(8), 4382-4402, 2023; Chan & Tse, Behavior Research Methods, 56(7), 7574-7601, 2024), we further explored cross-level relationships between character-level and word-level variables. Multiple regression analyses controlling for various lexical variables revealed several noteworthy patterns. First, we identified a quadratic valence-arousal relationship, such that characters with extreme valence ratings (either highly positive or highly negative) elicited higher arousal compared to neutral characters. This relationship was moderated by arousal ambiguity, partially consistent with previous findings (Brainerd et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(8), 1476-1499, 2021a), Second, we observed consistent quadratic intensity-ambiguity relationships across all variables, supporting the quadratic law proposed by Brainerd et al. Journal of Memory and Language, 121, 104286, (2021b). Finally, significant positive associations occurred between character-level variables and their corresponding word-level variables for both the first and second characters. The strength of these cross-level relationships varied across affective and lexico-semantic variables and may further be influenced by semantic transparency. Overall, our findings advance the understanding of affective and semantic features of Chinese characters and offer insights into the cross-level integration of characters' and words' lexical characteristics. The data reported in this paper are available at: https://osf.io/kh4yx .</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 8","pages":"224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12263727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collecting behavioural data across countries during pandemics: Development of the COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool.","authors":"Gjalt-Jorn Peters, Dominika Kwasnicka, Gill A Ten Hoor, Rik Crutzen, Tugce Varol, Lisa Marie Warner, Mahdi Algargoosh, Eskinder Eshetu Ali, Mudassir Anwar, Sali Rahadi Asih, Zuhal Feryal Baltas, Emma Berry, Kebede Beyene, Katarzyna Anna Campbell, Bruno Moreira Carneiro, Laura Castillo-Eito, Amy Hai Yan Chan, Samuel Suk-Hung Chan, Sabrina Cipolletta, Ann DeSmet, Triana Kesuma Dewi, Alexandra Lelia Dima, Jorge Encantado, Tracy Epton, João Figueiredo, Gustavo DalCin Fracaroli, Aurelie Gauchet, Gebremedhin Beedemariam Gebretekle, Pierre Gérain, Cristina Albuquerque Godinho, Lisa Graham-Wisener, James A Green, Jenny M Groarke, Thomas Gültzow, Elif Basak Guven, Roel C J Hermans, Sander Hermsen, Jennifer Inauen, Angelos P Kassianos, Tatiana Valerievna Kazantseva, Els Keyaerts, Laura Maria König, Daniela Lange, Emelien Lauwerier, Yongchan Lie, Andrian Liem, Aleksandra Luszczynska, Marta M Marques, Hannah Catherine Moore, Chris Noone, Johanna Nurmi, Ratri Nurwanti, Elif Suna Ozbay, Iga Palacz-Poborczyk, Rebecca Anne Pedruzzi, Louise Poppe, Lucy Mabel Porter, Daniel Powell, Bruna Salati Nan Rinaldi, Alexis Ruffault, Carsten Schmitz, Urte Scholz, Ana-Maria Schweitzer, Yasemin Selekoğlu Ok, Medha Shree, Carolina C Silva, Yasinta Astin Sokang, Albert W Tam, Mei Yee Tang, Silvia Caterina Maria Tomaino, Samantha Barbara van Beurden, Stefan Verweij, Stan Vluggen, Rochelle E Watkins, Szilvia Zörgő, Sylvia Roozen","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02743-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02743-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tools that can be used to collect behavioural data during pandemics are needed to inform policy and practice. The objective of this project was to develop the Your COVID-19 Risk tool in response to the global spread of COVID-19, aiming to promote health behaviour change. We developed an online resource based on key behavioural evidence-based risk factors related to contracting and spreading COVID-19. This tool allows for assessing risk and provides instant support to protect individuals from infection. The Risk Estimation Questions assessed users' location, age, gender, work environment, day-to-day behaviours currently performed, and conditions under which these behaviours would change. Users were also asked to estimate how often they keep their distance from others in public and regularly wash their hands, and the procedures they follow to do so. A multidisciplinary research team of more than 150 international experts developed the tool. Over 60,000 users in more than 150 countries have assessed their risk and provided data. The majority of respondents reported that they almost always keep their distance from others in public places, and most participants reported washing their hands after touching public or shared surfaces or when entering buildings. The tool, data, and results were openly shared to support government and health agencies developing behaviour change interventions. This tool creates a blueprint for similar digital infrastructure that can be replicated and used in future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 8","pages":"223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}