{"title":"English verbs semantic norms database: Concreteness, embodiment, imageability, valence and arousal ratings for 3,500 verbs.","authors":"Emiko J Muraki, Penny M Pexman","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02675-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02675-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semantic ratings studies have resulted in significant methodological advances towards understanding the importance of experiential information to lexical-semantic processing. Yet, the existing norms are biased towards nouns, with fewer ratings available for verbs. In the present study, we collected new semantic rating norms for 3,512 verbs on the dimensions of concreteness, embodiment, imageability, valence, and arousal. The resulting ratings provide the largest database of verb-specific rating norms across multiple semantic dimensions. They show good reliability and validity on four of five dimensions, with some evident challenges in rating arousal for the verb stimuli. We demonstrate that the norms account for variance in response latencies and accuracy in a lexical decision task, word recognition task, and recognition memory, above and beyond dimensions such as length, frequency, orthographic Levenshtein distance, and age of acquisition, and thus that semantic richness effects are observed in verb processing. The norms described here should be a useful resource for researchers interested in verb lexical-semantic processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dictation and vocabulary knowledge tests for adult native Chinese readers.","authors":"Yiu-Kei Tsang","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02669-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02669-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine how individual differences in language skills affect language processing, it is essential to have good-quality tests that can assess such individual differences accurately. This study introduces a dictation test and a vocabulary knowledge test in Chinese, which aim to measure lexical expertise in proficient Chinese language users like university students. The psychometric properties of the two tests were examined with two groups of participants. In the first group, exploratory factor analyses confirmed that each of these tests was unidimensional, measuring a single underlying construct of lexical expertise. After removing some problematic items, the two tests also demonstrated satisfactory internal reliabilities. Although the test scores were only weakly correlated with self-reported measures of language proficiency, the correlation with word recognition performance was moderate. These results were successfully replicated with the second cross-validation group, confirming the reliability and convergent validity of the tests. An additional dataset further showed that the vocabulary test score was positively correlated with sentence comprehension performance. Taken together, the tests have acceptable psychometric quality and can serve as tools for examining individual differences in Chinese language processing. The tests are freely available online, and normative performance data are provided, facilitating their use in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing multiple abilities through process data in computer-based assessments: The multidimensional sequential response model (MSRM).","authors":"Yuting Han, Feng Ji, Pujue Wang, Hongyun Liu","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02658-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02658-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the advent of computer-based assessment (CBA), process data have assumed an increasingly pivotal role in estimating examinees' latent abilities by capturing detailed records of their response processes. This study introduces the Multidimensional sequential response model (MSRM), a novel model for assessing multiple abilities through process data in computer-based cognitive and psychological assessments. A Bayesian estimation method for the MSRM is proposed and examined through a Monte Carlo simulation study across varying conditions. The results suggest that the MSRM's parameter estimation demonstrates adequate accuracy and computational efficiency, with estimation quality improving as sample sizes and sequence lengths increase. We demonstrate the practical utility of MSRM through two empirical studies, showing that it can be effectively applied in various contexts. This methodology provides valuable insights for tailored instruction by offering detailed assessments of ability mastery across multiple dimensions, thereby supporting more targeted educational interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Csenge G Horváth, Bence Schneider, Borbála Rozner, Míra Koczur, Róbert Bódizs
{"title":"Interrelationships between sleep quality, circadian phase and rapid eye movement sleep: Deriving chronotype from sleep architecture.","authors":"Csenge G Horváth, Bence Schneider, Borbála Rozner, Míra Koczur, Róbert Bódizs","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02671-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02671-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between sleep quality, circadian rhythms, and REM sleep has not been deliberately investigated in previous scientific reports. Here, we aim to examine the associations between these factors by specifically focusing on the temporal dynamics of REM sleep in all night records, as well as to provide a new, objective, EEG-derived chronotype indicator. To achieve those aims, a wearable EEG headband recorded home sleep database was analyzed in terms of total sleep time (TST), REM dynamics, core body temperature, wrist actigraphy, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, subjective morning sleep quality, and Likert Sleepiness Scale. Furthermore, records from the Budapest-Munich database of polysomnography (PSG) were analyzed for REM sleep patterns, TST, arousal dynamics, and age. The results show that the timing of the crest of REM propensity (REM<sub>maxprop</sub>) reliably correlated with weekly average actigraphy sleep midpoints, subjective chronotype measures, and also tended to be associated with core body temperature. Additionally, REM<sub>maxprop</sub> emerged at earlier times in children and middle-aged participants as compared to teenagers and young adults. Subjective sleep quality exclusively reflected the shortening of headband-recorded sleep as compared to weekly average TST. REM percent negatively correlated with NREM arousal density. It can be concluded that the overnight REM sleep dynamic (REM<sub>maxprop</sub>) is a putative indicator of circadian phase/chronotype with potential relevance for home sleep studies. However, sleep quality indices are less conclusive in between-subjects design, urging the need for longitudinal investigations allowing interindividual analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When raters generalize: Examining sources of halo effects with mixture Rasch facets models.","authors":"Kuan-Yu Jin, Thomas Eckes","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02667-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02667-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halo effects are commonly considered a cognitive or judgmental bias leading to rating error when raters assign scores to persons or performances on multiple criteria. Though a long tradition of research has pointed to possible sources of halo effects, measurement models for identifying these sources and detecting halo have been lacking. In the present research, we propose a general mixture Rasch facets model for halo effects (MRFM-H) and derive two more specific models, each assuming a different psychological mechanism. According to the first model, MRFM-H(GI), persons evoke general impressions that guide raters when assigning scores on conceptually distinct criteria. The second model, MRFM-H(ID), assumes that raters fail to discriminate adequately between the criteria. We adopted a Bayesian inference approach to implement these models, conducting two simulation studies and a real-data analysis. In the simulation studies, we found that (a) the number of raters and criteria determined the accuracy of classifying persons as inducing or not inducing halo; (b) 90% classification accuracy was achieved when at least 25 ratings were available for each rater-person combination; (c) ignoring halo caused by either mechanism (general impressions or inadequate criterion discrimination) biased the criterion parameter estimates while having a negligible impact on person and rater estimates; (d) Bayesian data-model fit statistics (WAIC and WBIC) reliably identified the true, data-generating model. The real-data analysis highlighted the models' practical utility for examining the likely source of halo effects. The discussion focuses on the models' application in various assessment contexts and points to directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: Probing beyond: The impact of model size and prior informativeness on Bayesian SEM fit indices.","authors":"Ejike Edeh, Xinya Liang, Chunhua Cao","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02672-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02672-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiming Lu, Zijun Ke, Rebecca Y M Cheung, Qian Zhang
{"title":"Synthesizing data from pretest-posttest-control-group designs in mediation meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhiming Lu, Zijun Ke, Rebecca Y M Cheung, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02661-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02661-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to address the existing concerns for mediation meta-analysis (MMA) conducted under pretest-posttest-control-group (PPCG) designs. These issues include the validity of meta-analytic structural equation modeling with a binary independent variable, heterogeneously defined treatment doses, and potential violations of the homogeneous variance assumption. Moreover, an open question remains regarding whether effect sizes in MMA over PPCG designs should be computed from posttest scores (PSMMA) or from pretest-posttest change scores (CSMMA). This study employs theoretical discussions and Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate the feasibility of MMA under PPCG designs and to compare CSMMA and PSMMA. Furthermore, the procedures for computing effect sizes are summarized, and an empirical example is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Ippolito, Thomas Quettier, Sara Borgomaneri, Vincenzo Romei
{"title":"Silicon Spike: An Arduino-based low-cost and open-access triggerbox to precisely control TMS devices.","authors":"Giuseppe Ippolito, Thomas Quettier, Sara Borgomaneri, Vincenzo Romei","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02653-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02653-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used tool in the field of clinical and cognitive neuroscience. To exploit its excellent temporal properties, TMS usually relies on triggerbox devices, which temporize the delivery of magnetic pulses according to the paradigm requirements. However, a main limitation of most of the widely used triggerbox devices is that they rely solely on the experimental computer processor, which might add temporal uncertainty in delivering the TMS pulse when the computer's resources are drained by other experimental devices or by task execution itself, especially during repetitive TMS or dual-coil protocols. We aimed at developing a low-cost and easily reproducible triggerbox device which could overcome these limitations by relying on an external processor to handle the timing precision. We used an Arduino Uno R4 Minima to build Silicon Spike, a low-cost ($60) triggerbox device. We tested the device's precision in delivering the TMS pulses under different working load conditions, and the impact over time. All of the tests were ecological, delivering real TMS pulses during dual-coil, repetitive, and patterned TMS protocols. We obtained extremely high precision (< 0.022 ms) in all of the tests. This means that, for smaller or longer latencies, the error remains negligible for TMS studies. Thus, the Silicon Spike device demonstrated microsecond precision in handling the TMS pulse delivery, establishing itself as a simple and yet precise device. We freely provide the source code and the hardware schematics, allowing anyone to reproduce our work.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katrin Linnig, Saskia Seel, Bernadette von Dawans, William Standard, Daniel Zielasko, Benjamin Weyers, Gregor Domes
{"title":"Open TSST VR: Psychobiological reactions to an open version of the Trier Social Stress Test in virtual reality.","authors":"Katrin Linnig, Saskia Seel, Bernadette von Dawans, William Standard, Daniel Zielasko, Benjamin Weyers, Gregor Domes","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02662-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02662-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) has become one of the most frequently employed laboratory stressors in human studies over the past decades. Several TSST adaptations for the presentation in virtual reality (VR) have been introduced and evaluated recently. Here, we describe a freely available version, the Open TSST-VR. In two independent studies, we evaluated subjective, endocrine, and heart rate responses to the Open TSST-VR compared to an active control condition. In study 1, 50 men were randomly assigned to the Open TSST-VR or the control condition. Compared to the active control condition, the Open TSST-VR induced higher levels of subjective stress and significantly more cortisol responders. In study 2, we employed a balanced within-subject design comparing groups of 46 men and women. Again, the TSST-VR induced more stress than the control condition and a stronger cortisol response, but there were also order effects suggesting that the TSST-VR is less suitable for within-subject comparisons. In both studies, we observed a substantial stress level (and cortisol responders) in the control condition indicating that future studies should further elaborate on non-stressful control conditions, either without any task or non-stressful active components. Overall, the Open TSST-VR is a versatile tool for collaborative experimental stress research that offers flexibility to a broad range of future research questions among various disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A tutorial for estimating Bayesian hierarchical mixture models for visual working memory tasks: Introducing the Bayesian Measurement Modeling (bmm) package for R.","authors":"Gidon T Frischkorn, Vencislav Popov","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02643-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-025-02643-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mixture models for visual working memory tasks using continuous report recall are highly popular measurement models in visual working memory research. Yet, efficient and easy-to-implement hierarchical Bayesian estimation procedures that flexibly enable group or condition comparisons are scarce. Specifically, most software packages implementing mixture models have used maximum likelihood estimation for single-subject data. Such estimation procedures require a large number of trials per participant to obtain robust and reliable estimates. This problem can be solved with hierarchical Bayesian estimation procedures that provide robust and reliable estimates with lower trial numbers. In this tutorial, we illustrate how mixture models for visual working memory tasks can be specified and fit in the newly developed R package bmm. The benefit of this implementation over existing hierarchical Bayesian implementations is that bmm integrates hierarchical Bayesian estimation of the mixture models with an efficient linear model syntax that enables us to adapt the mixture model to practically any experimental design. Specifically, this implementation allows for varying model parameters over arbitrary groups or experimental conditions. Additionally, the hierarchical structure and the specification of informed priors can frequently improve subject-level parameter estimation and solve estimation problems. We illustrate these benefits in different examples and provide R code for easy adaptation to other use cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"57 5","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}