Neurobiology of Learning and Memory最新文献

The retrosplenial cortical role in delayed spatial alternation. 后脾皮层在延迟空间交替中的作用

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.108005

Dev Laxman Subramanian, Adam M P Miller, David M Smith

{"title":"The retrosplenial cortical role in delayed spatial alternation.","authors":"Dev Laxman Subramanian, Adam M P Miller, David M Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2024.108005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2024.108005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) plays an important role in spatial cognition. RSC neurons exhibit a variety of spatial firing patterns and lesion studies have found that the RSC is necessary for spatial working memory tasks. However, little is known about how RSC neurons might encode spatial memory during a delay period. In the present study, we trained control rats and rats with excitotoxic lesions of the RSC on spatial alternation task with varying delay durations and in a separate group of rats, we recorded RSC neuronal activity as the rats performed the alternation task. We found that RSC lesions significantly impaired alternation performance, particularly at the longest delay duration. We also found that RSC neurons exhibited reliably different firing patterns throughout the delay periods preceding left and right trials, consistent with a working memory signal. These differential firing patterns were absent during the delay periods preceding errors. We also found that many RSC neurons exhibit a large spike in firing rate leading up to the start of the trial. Many of these trial start responses also differentiated left and right trials, suggesting that they could play a role in priming the 'go left' or 'go right' behavioral responses. Our results suggest that these firing patterns represent critical memory information that underlies the RSC role in spatial working memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":" ","pages":"108005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attentional processing in the rat dorsal posterior parietal cortex 大鼠背侧后顶叶皮层的注意加工。

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.108004

Victoria R. Heimer-McGinn , Taylor B. Wise , Emma R. Halter , Dominique Martin , Victoria L. Templer

{"title":"Attentional processing in the rat dorsal posterior parietal cortex","authors":"Victoria R. Heimer-McGinn , Taylor B. Wise , Emma R. Halter , Dominique Martin , Victoria L. Templer","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2024.108004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2024.108004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is known to support sustained attention. Specifically, top-down attention is generally processed in dorsal regions while bottom-up regulation occurs more ventrally. In rodent models, however, it is still unclear whether the PPC is required for sustained attention, or whether there is a similar functional dissociation between anatomical regions. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the rodent dorsal PPC (dPPC) in sustained attention. We used the five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) and compared rats with neurotoxic dPPC lesions to sham operated rats. We found that rats with dPPC lesions were less accurate and took longer to make correct choices, indicating impaired attention and reduced processing speed. This effect, however, was limited to the first few days of post-operative testing. After an apparent recovery, omissions became elevated in the lesion group, which, in the absence of reduced motivation and mobility, can also be interpreted as impaired attention. In subsequent challenge probes, the lesion group displayed globally elevated latency to make a correct response, indicating reduced processing speed. No differences in premature responses or perseverative responses were observed at any time, demonstrating that dPPC lesions did not affect impulsivity and compulsivity. This pattern of behavior suggests that while intact dPPC supports goal-driven (top-down) modulation of attention, it likely does not play a central role in processing stimulus-driven (bottom-up) attention. Furthermore, compensatory mechanisms can support sustained attention in the absence of a fully functioning dPPC, although this occurs at the expense of processing speed. Our results inform the literature by confirming that rodent PPC is involved in regulating sustained attention and providing preliminary evidence for a functional dissociation between top-down and bottom-up attentional processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on visuomotor adaptation and its savings 单轮中等强度有氧运动对视觉运动适应的影响及其节省。

IF 2.7 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107801

Reshma James, Jinsung Wang

{"title":"The effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on visuomotor adaptation and its savings","authors":"Reshma James, Jinsung Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Performing exercise before or after motor skill learning is thought to have a positive impact on acquisition and retention of motor memories stored in our nervous system. It has been shown that performing 25 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise prior to visuomotor adaptation can enhance both visuomotor adaptation and its retention compared to 25 min of rest before the adaptation. To determine whether a single bout of aerobic exercise could actually facilitate the formation of a neural representation associated with a novel visuomotor condition, we examined aftereffects and savings associated with a visuomotor adaptation task following either an exercise or a rest condition. Sixteen healthy young individuals (18–35 years) first experienced 25 min of moderate-intensity cycling or rest, and then adapted to a 30-degree visuomotor rotation condition. Immediately following that, participants experienced a washout session, which was followed by a readaptation session. Results indicated that all subjects adapted to the visuomotor rotation completely, although no difference was found between the cycling and rest conditions. Aftereffects and savings were also observed in both conditions, but with no difference between the conditions. These findings suggest that compared to a short rest session, a single bout of moderate-intensity cycling may not have a greater impact for enhancing visuomotor adaptation and its retention. Further research is needed, in which the effects of certain factors such as exercise intensity, duration and timing are more systematically investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10199427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inactivation of medial or lateral orbitofrontal cortex during fear extinction did not interfere with fear renewal 在恐惧消退过程中，内侧或外侧眶额皮质的失活不会干扰恐惧的更新。

IF 2.7 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107800

Cheng-Wei Shih , Chun-hui Chang

{"title":"Inactivation of medial or lateral orbitofrontal cortex during fear extinction did not interfere with fear renewal","authors":"Cheng-Wei Shih , Chun-hui Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hyperactive orbitofrontal cortical activation is commonly seen in patients of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous studies from our laboratory showed that for rats with aberrant activation of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during the extinction phase, they were unable to use contexts as the reference for proper retrieval of fear memory during renewal test. This result supported the phenomenon that many OCD patients show poor regulation of fear-related behavior. Since there are robust anatomical connections of the OFC with the fear-circuit, we aim to further examine whether the OFC is actively engaged in fear regulation under normal circumstances. In this study, the lateral or medial OFC was inactivated during the extinction phase using the ABA fear renewal procedure. We found that these animals showed intact fear renewal during retrieval test with their freezing levels equivalent to the control rats, revealing that the OFC did not have decisive roles in extinction acquisition. Together with our previous study, we suggest that the OFC only interferes with fear regulation when it becomes pathophysiologically hyperactive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10199411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress, associative learning, and decision-making 压力、联想学习和决策。

IF 2.7 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107812

Jacqueline Giovanniello , Christian Bravo-Rivera , Amiel Rosenkranz , K. Matthew Lattal

{"title":"Stress, associative learning, and decision-making","authors":"Jacqueline Giovanniello , Christian Bravo-Rivera , Amiel Rosenkranz , K. Matthew Lattal","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to acute and chronic stress has significant effects on the basic mechanisms of associative learning and memory. Stress can both impair and enhance associative learning depending on type, intensity, and persistence of the stressor, the subject’s sex, the context that the stress and behavior is experienced in, and the type of associative learning taking place. In some cases, stress can cause or exacerbate the maladaptive behavior that underlies numerous psychiatric conditions including anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorder, and others. Therefore, it is critical to understand how the varied effects of stress, which may normally facilitate adaptive behavior, can also become maladaptive and even harmful. In this review, we highlight several findings of associative learning and decision-making processes that are affected by stress in both human and non-human subjects and how they are related to one another. An emerging theme from this work is that stress biases behavior towards less flexible strategies that may reflect a cautious insensitivity to changing contingencies. We consider how this inflexibility has been observed in different associative learning procedures and suggest that a goal for the field should be to clarify how factors such as sex and previous experience influence this inflexibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10516837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The function of REM and NREM sleep on memory distortion and consolidation REM和NREM睡眠对记忆扭曲和巩固的作用。

IF 2.7 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107811

Kosuke Kaida , Ikue Mori , Ken Kihara , Naoko Kaida

{"title":"The function of REM and NREM sleep on memory distortion and consolidation","authors":"Kosuke Kaida , Ikue Mori , Ken Kihara , Naoko Kaida","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, newly consolidated memories can be distorted to adjust the existing memory base in memory integration. However, only a few studies have demonstrated the role of REM sleep in memory distortion. The present study aims to clarify the role of REM sleep in the facilitation of memory distortion, that is, hindsight bias, compared to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and wake states. The split-night paradigm was used to segregate REM and NREM sleep. The hypotheses are (1) hindsight bias—memory distortion—is more substantial during REM-rich sleep (late-night sleep) than during NREM-rich sleep (early-night sleep); (2) memory stabilization is more substantial during NREM-rich sleep (early-night sleep) than during REM-rich sleep (late-night sleep); and (3) memory distortion takes longer time than memory stabilization. The results of the hindsight bias test show that more memory distortions were observed after the REM condition in comparison to the NREM condition. Contrary to the hindsight bias, the correct response in the word-pair association test was observed more in the NREM than in the REM condition. The difference in the hindsight bias index between the REM and NREM conditions was identified only one week later. Comparatively, the difference in correct responses in the word-pair association task between the conditions appeared three hours later and one week later. The present study found that (1) memory distortion occurs more during REM-rich sleep than during NREM-rich sleep, while memory stabilization occurs more during NREM-rich sleep than during REM-rich sleep. Moreover, (2) the newly encoded memory could be stabilized immediately after encoding, but memory distortion occurs over several days. These results suggest that the roles of NREM and REM sleep in memory processes could be different.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10143318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why is the Rescorla-Wagner model so influential? 为什么Rescorla Wagner模型如此有影响力？

IF 2.7 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107794

Fabian A. Soto , Edgar H. Vogel , Yerco E. Uribe-Bahamonde , Omar D. Perez

引用次数: 0

Frontopolar multifocal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces conditioned fear reactivity during extinction training: A pilot randomized controlled trial Frontopolar多焦经颅直流电刺激降低消光训练中的条件性恐惧反应：一项飞行员随机对照试验

IF 2.7 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107825

Thomas G. Adams , Benjamin Kelmendi , Jamilah R. George , Jennifer Forte , Troy J.J. Hubert , Hannah Wild , Colton S. Rippey , Christopher Pittenger

{"title":"Frontopolar multifocal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces conditioned fear reactivity during extinction training: A pilot randomized controlled trial","authors":"Thomas G. Adams , Benjamin Kelmendi , Jamilah R. George , Jennifer Forte , Troy J.J. Hubert , Hannah Wild , Colton S. Rippey , Christopher Pittenger","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure-based therapies for anxiety and related disorders are believed to depend on fear extinction learning and corresponding changes in extinction circuitry. Frontopolar multifocal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to improve therapeutic safety learning during <em>in vivo</em> exposure and may modulate functional connectivity of networks implicated in fear processing and inhibition. A pilot randomized controlled trial was completed to determine the effects of frontopolar tDCS on extinction learning and memory. Community volunteers (<em>n</em> = 35) completed a 3-day fear extinction paradigm with measurement of electrodermal activity. Participants were randomized (single-blind) to 20-min of sham (<em>n</em> = 17, 30 s. ramp in/out) or active (<em>n</em> = 18) frontopolar (anode over Fpz, 10–10 EEG) multifocal tDCS (20-min, 1.5 mA) prior to extinction training. Mixed ANOVAs revealed a significant group*trial effect on skin conductance response (SCR) to the conditioned stimulus (CS + ) during extinction training (<em>p</em> = 0.007, Cohen’s <em>d</em> = 0.55). The effects of frontopolar tDCS were greatest during the first two extinction trials, suggesting that tDCS may have promoted fear inhibition prior to safety learning. Return of fear to the CS + during tests were comparable across conditions (<em>ps</em> > 0.50). These findings suggest that frontopolar tDCS may modulate the processing of threat cues and associated circuitry or promote the inhibition of fear. This has clear implications for the treatment of anxiety and related disorders with therapeutic exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 107825"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10309038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictive learning by a burst-dependent learning rule 基于突发相关学习规则的预测学习

IF 2.7 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107826

G. William Chapman, Michael E. Hasselmo

{"title":"Predictive learning by a burst-dependent learning rule","authors":"G. William Chapman, Michael E. Hasselmo","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humans and other animals are able to quickly generalize latent dynamics of spatiotemporal sequences, often from a minimal number of previous experiences. Additionally, internal representations of external stimuli must remain stable, even in the presence of sensory noise, in order to be useful for informing behavior<span>. In contrast, typical machine learning approaches require many thousands of samples, and generalize poorly to unexperienced examples, or fail completely to predict at long timescales. Here, we propose a novel neural network module which incorporates hierarchy and recurrent feedback terms, constituting a simplified model of neocortical microcircuits. This microcircuit predicts spatiotemporal trajectories at the input layer using a temporal error minimization algorithm. We show that this module is able to predict with higher accuracy into the future compared to traditional models. Investigating this model we find that successive predictive models learn representations which are increasingly removed from the raw sensory space, namely as successive temporal derivatives of the positional information. Next, we introduce a spiking neural network model which implements the rate-model through the use of a recently proposed biological learning rule utilizing dual-compartment neurons. We show that this network performs well on the same tasks as the mean-field models, by developing intrinsic dynamics that follow the dynamics of the external stimulus, while coordinating transmission of higher-order dynamics. Taken as a whole, these findings suggest that hierarchical temporal abstraction of sequences, rather than feed-forward reconstruction, may be responsible for the ability of neural systems to quickly adapt to novel situations.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 107826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10276818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The contextual fear conditioning consolidation depends on the functional interaction of the dorsal subiculum and basolateral amygdala in rats 情境恐惧条件的巩固依赖于大鼠背侧亚托和基底外侧杏仁核的功能相互作用

IF 2.7 4区心理学

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107827

Márcio Braga de Melo , Vanessa Manchim Favaro , Maria Gabriela Menezes Oliveira

{"title":"The contextual fear conditioning consolidation depends on the functional interaction of the dorsal subiculum and basolateral amygdala in rats","authors":"Márcio Braga de Melo , Vanessa Manchim Favaro , Maria Gabriela Menezes Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fear conditioning tasks enable us to explore the neural basis of adaptative and maladaptive behaviors related to aversive memories. Recently, we provided the first evidence of the dorsal subiculum (DSub) involvement in contextual fear conditioning (CFC) consolidation by showing that the post-training bilateral NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor blockade in DSub impaired the performance of animals in the test session. As the memory consolidation process depends on the coordinated engagement of different brain regions, and the DSub share reciprocal projections with the basolateral amygdala (BLA), which is also involved in CFC, it is possible that the functional interaction between these sites can be relevant for the consolidation of this task. In this sense, the present study aimed to explore the effects of the functional disconnection of the DSub and BLA in the CFC consolidation after NMDA post-training blockade. In addition, to verify if the observed effects were due to spatial representation processes mediated by the DSub, we employed a hippocampal-independent procedure: tone fear conditioning (TFC). Results showed that the functional disconnection of these regions by post-training NMDA blockade impaired CFC consolidation, whereas there was no impairment in TFC. Altogether, the present data suggest that the DSub and BLA would functionally interact through NMDA-related synaptic plasticity to support CFC consolidation probably due to DSub-related spatial processing showing that the TFC consolidation was not disrupted. This work contributes to filling a gap of studies exploring the DSub involvement in fear conditioning by providing a broad framework of the subicular-amygdaloid connection functionality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19102,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 107827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10548639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1