Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献

Expectation violation enhances short-term source memory. 期望冲突增强了短期源记忆。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02715-4

Jiewei Zheng, Jiahan Yu, Mengjiao Xu, Chenxiao Guan, Yingtao Fu, Mowei Shen, Hui Chen

{"title":"Expectation violation enhances short-term source memory.","authors":"Jiewei Zheng, Jiahan Yu, Mengjiao Xu, Chenxiao Guan, Yingtao Fu, Mowei Shen, Hui Chen","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02715-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02715-4","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies of short-term source amnesia demonstrated that source information is rapidly forgotten in memory, reflecting a highly selective mode of memory encoding. In this study, we explored the flexibility of memory selection by investigating whether short-term source amnesia is affected by expectation violations. In seven experiments, we first replicated the short-term source amnesia phenomenon and then induced various forms of expectation violations. The results consistently showed that the short-term source amnesia was significantly reduced or attenuated when expectation violation occurred, indicating a strengthening effect of expectation violation on short-term source memory. This effect occurred quite quickly, nearly at the same time as the occurrence of unexpected events. Moreover, the source memory was improved even when the unexpected events were completely irrelevant to the task set or target stimuli. These findings suggest that short-term memory tends to encode and maintain more detailed source information when encountering expectation violations, which might be an adaptive mechanism for handling unexpected environmental changes.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explicit access to detailed representations of feature distributions. 显式访问特征分布的详细表示。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02716-3

Vladislav Khvostov, Árni Gunnar Ásgeirsson, Árni Kristjánsson

{"title":"Explicit access to detailed representations of feature distributions.","authors":"Vladislav Khvostov, Árni Gunnar Ásgeirsson, Árni Kristjánsson","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02716-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02716-3","url":null,"abstract":"The human visual system can quickly process groups of objects (ensembles) and build compressed representations of their features. What does the conscious perception of ensembles consist of? Observers' explicit access to ensemble representations has been considered very limited - any distributional aspects beyond simple summary statistics, such as the mean or variance, cannot be explicitly accessed. In contrast, we demonstrate that the visual system can represent ensemble distributions in detail, and observers have reliable explicit access to these representations. In our new paradigm (Feature Frequency Report), observers viewed 36 disks of various colors for 800 ms and then reported the frequency of a randomly chosen color using a slider. The sets had Gaussian, uniform, or bimodal color distributions with a random mean color. The distributions of responses - both aggregated and separate for each observer - followed the shape of the presented distribution. Modeling revealed that performance reflected integrated information from the whole set rather than sub-sampling. After only brief exposure to a color set, the visual system can build detailed representations of feature distributions that observers have explicit access to. This result necessitates a fundamental rethinking of how ensembles are processed. We suggest that such distribution representations are the most natural way for the visual system to represent groups of objects. Explicit feature distribution representations may contribute to people 's impression of having a rich perceptual experience despite severe attentional and working memory limitations.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling of control over task switching and cross-task interference supports a two-dimensional model of cognitive stability and flexibility. 对任务切换和跨任务干扰的控制建模支持认知稳定性和灵活性的二维模型。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02712-7

Raphael Geddert, Seth Madlon-Kay, Kevin O'Neill, John Pearson, Tobias Egner

{"title":"Modeling of control over task switching and cross-task interference supports a two-dimensional model of cognitive stability and flexibility.","authors":"Raphael Geddert, Seth Madlon-Kay, Kevin O'Neill, John Pearson, Tobias Egner","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02712-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02712-7","url":null,"abstract":"Reading a book in a coffee shop requires focusing on the task at hand and ignoring task-irrelevant distraction (cognitive stability), while setting aside the book to answer a phone call requires the ability to switch between tasks (cognitive flexibility). Stability and flexibility are often conceptualized as opposing ends of a one-dimensional stability-flexibility continuum, whereby increasing stability (prioritizing task focus) reciprocally reduces flexibility (a readiness to switch tasks), and vice versa. Recent evidence, however, has supported a two-dimensional stability-flexibility relationship, whereby stability and flexibility can be maintained at high levels simultaneously when necessary. Here, we adjudicate between the one- and two-dimensional accounts by fitting competing models to two cued task switching datasets that manipulated the proportion of switch trials (driving contextual adjustments in flexibility) and cross-task congruency effects (driving contextual adjustments in stability). We consider two one-dimensional models: one that assumes a rigid tradeoff where any increase in stability results in a decrease in flexibility, and a more flexible, generalized model that allows but does not enforce such a direct tradeoff. We compare these to two two-dimensional models, one which enforces a strict independence of stability and flexibility, and an unrestricted model that allows interactions between them. Both two-dimensional models, but neither one-dimensional model, were capable of reproducing key behavioral patterns in the original data set. However, the unrestricted two-dimensional model had the best predictive power, indicating that stability and flexibility, while distinct, may trade off in individual- and context-specific ways.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model-averaged Bayesian t tests. 模型平均贝叶斯 t 检验。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02590-5

Maximilian Maier, František Bartoš, Daniel S Quintana, Fabian Dablander, Don van den Bergh, Maarten Marsman, Alexander Ly, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

{"title":"Model-averaged Bayesian t tests.","authors":"Maximilian Maier, František Bartoš, Daniel S Quintana, Fabian Dablander, Don van den Bergh, Maarten Marsman, Alexander Ly, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02590-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02590-5","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common statistical analyses in experimental psychology concerns the comparison of two means using the frequentist t test. However, frequentist t tests do not quantify evidence and require various assumption tests. Recently, popularized Bayesian t tests do quantify evidence, but these were developed for scenarios where the two populations are assumed to have the same variance. As an alternative to both methods, we outline a comprehensive t test framework based on Bayesian model averaging. This new t test framework simultaneously takes into account models that assume equal and unequal variances, and models that use t-likelihoods to improve robustness to outliers. The resulting inference is based on a weighted average across the entire model ensemble, with higher weights assigned to models that predicted the observed data well. This new t test framework provides an integrated approach to assumption checks and inference by applying a series of pertinent models to the data simultaneously rather than sequentially. The integrated Bayesian model-averaged t tests achieve robustness without having to commit to a single model following a series of assumption checks. To facilitate practical applications, we provide user-friendly implementations in JASP and via the <math><mi>RoBTT</mi></math> package in <math><mi>R</mi></math> . A tutorial video is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcuzGTIcorQ.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"1007-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cracking arbitrariness: A data-driven study of auditory iconicity in spoken English. 破解随意性：英语口语听觉象似性的数据驱动研究。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02630-0

Andrea Gregor de Varda, Marco Marelli

引用次数: 0

Real-world estimation taps into basic numeric abilities. 真实世界的估算需要基本的数字能力。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02575-4

Barbara K Kreis, Julia Groß, Thorsten Pachur

{"title":"Real-world estimation taps into basic numeric abilities.","authors":"Barbara K Kreis, Julia Groß, Thorsten Pachur","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02575-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02575-4","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately estimating and assessing real-world quantities (e.g., how long it will take to get to the train station; the calorie content of a meal) is a central skill for adaptive cognition. To date, theoretical and empirical work on the mental resources recruited by real-world estimation has focused primarily on the role of domain knowledge (e.g., knowledge of the metric and distributional properties of objects in a domain). Here we examined the role of basic numeric abilities - specifically, symbolic-number mapping - in real-world estimation. In Experiment 1 ( <math><mrow><mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>286</mn></mrow> </math> ) and Experiment 2 ( <math><mrow><mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>592</mn></mrow> </math> ), participants first completed a country-population estimation task (a task domain commonly used to study real-world estimation) and then completed a number-line task (an approach commonly used to measure symbolic-number mapping). In both experiments, participants with better performance in the number-line task made more accurate estimates in the estimation task. Moreover, Experiment 2 showed that performance in the number-line task predicts estimation accuracy independently of domain knowledge. Further, in Experiment 2 the association between estimation accuracy and symbolic-number mapping did not depend on whether the number-line task involved small numbers (up to 1000) or large numbers that matched the range of the numbers in the estimation task (up to 100,000,000). Our results show for the first time that basic numeric abilities contribute to the estimation of real-world quantities. We discuss implications for theories of real-world estimation and for interventions aiming to improve people's ability to estimate real-world quantities.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"1217-1230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction in reading: A review of predictability effects, their theoretical implications, and beyond. 阅读预测：对可预测性效应、其理论意义及其他方面的回顾。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02588-z

Roslyn Wong, Erik D Reichle, Aaron Veldre

{"title":"Prediction in reading: A review of predictability effects, their theoretical implications, and beyond.","authors":"Roslyn Wong, Erik D Reichle, Aaron Veldre","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02588-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02588-z","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, prediction during reading has been considered an inefficient and cognitively expensive processing mechanism given the inherently generative nature of language, which allows upcoming text to unfold in an infinite number of possible ways. This article provides an accessible and comprehensive review of the psycholinguistic research that, over the past 40 or so years, has investigated whether readers are capable of generating predictions during reading, typically via experiments on the effects of predictability (i.e., how well a word can be predicted from its prior context). Five theoretically important issues are addressed: What is the best measure of predictability? What is the functional relationship between predictability and processing difficulty? What stage(s) of processing does predictability affect? Are predictability effects ubiquitous? What processes do predictability effects actually reflect? Insights from computational models of reading about how predictability manifests itself to facilitate the reading of text are also discussed. This review concludes by arguing that effects of predictability can, to a certain extent, be taken as demonstrating evidence that prediction is an important but flexible component of real-time language comprehension, in line with broader predictive accounts of cognitive functioning. However, converging evidence, especially from concurrent eye-tracking and brain-imaging methods, is necessary to refine theories of prediction.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"973-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Readers may not integrate words strictly in the order in which they appear in Chinese reading. 在中文阅读中，读者可能不会严格按照词语出现的顺序进行整合。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02614-0

Hui Zhao, Linjieqiong Huang, Xingshan Li

引用次数: 0

Illusory truth effect across languages and scripts. 跨越语言和文字的虚幻真实效应。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02596-z

Anna Hatzidaki, Mikel Santesteban, Eduardo Navarrete

{"title":"Illusory truth effect across languages and scripts.","authors":"Anna Hatzidaki, Mikel Santesteban, Eduardo Navarrete","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02596-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02596-z","url":null,"abstract":"The repetition of a statement increases its credibility, a phenomenon known as the illusory truth effect. Here we tested whether the illusory truth effect persists across languages and scripts. In two experiments, Italian-English (n = 80) and Greek-English (n = 66), unbalanced bilinguals were exposed to 60 written unknown trivia statements in English. After a distractor math task, participants rated the truthfulness of the same 60 (repeated) statements and 60 new statements, which were presented either in the same language as in the exposure phase (English) or in a different language (Italian, Experiment 1, or Greek, Experiment 2). Response times were faster when information was repeated in the same language compared to a different language, suggesting increased processing fluency in the former than in the latter case. Truth ratings yielded an illusory truth effect: repeated statements were considered more truthful than new statements. Interestingly, the magnitude of the illusory truth effect remained regardless of whether the repetition was in the same or in a different language and persisted even when the different language condition also entailed a different script (Latin in exposure phase and Greek in repetition). The results suggest that the language of information presentation is not a critical factor to affect the illusory truth effect, despite the fact that repetition in the same language increases processing speed. We interpret our results in light of the referential theory (Unkelbach & Rom, Cognition 160: 110-126, 2017), attributing the illusory truth effect to conceptual fluency induced by the overlap of activated conceptual representations in bilingual memory.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"1231-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual statistical learning requires attention. 视觉统计学习需要注意力。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02605-1

Dock H Duncan, Dirk van Moorselaar, Jan Theeuwes

{"title":"Visual statistical learning requires attention.","authors":"Dock H Duncan, Dirk van Moorselaar, Jan Theeuwes","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02605-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02605-1","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical learning is a person's ability to automatically learn environmental regularities through passive exposure. Since the earliest studies of statistical learning in infants, it has been debated exactly how \"passive\" this learning can be (i.e., whether attention is needed for learning to occur). In Experiment 1 of the current study, participants performed a serial feature search task where they searched for a target shape among heterogenous nontarget shapes. Unbeknownst to the participants, one of these nontarget shapes was presented much more often in location. Even though the regularity concerned a nonsalient, nontarget item that did not receive any attentional priority during search, participants still learned its regularity (responding faster when it was presented at this high-probability location). While this may suggest that not much, if any, attention is needed for learning to occur, follow-up experiments showed that if an attentional strategy (i.e., color subset search or exogenous cueing) effectively prevents attention from being directed to this critical regularity, incidental learning is no longer observed. We conclude that some degree of attention to a regularity is needed for visual statistical learning to occur.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"1240-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0