Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献

High variability orthographic training: Learning words in a logographic script through training with multiple typefaces. 高变异性正字法训练：通过多种字体的训练来学习一种象形文字的单词。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02646-0

Eric Pelzl

{"title":"High variability orthographic training: Learning words in a logographic script through training with multiple typefaces.","authors":"Eric Pelzl","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02646-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-025-02646-0","url":null,"abstract":"We tested whether naturally occurring visual variability-specifically, typefaces-would help people generalize word learning to typefaces they had never seen before. In Chinese, thousands of unique written characters must be learned item by item, and differentiated from similar-looking characters. Participants (n = 190) with no previous Chinese experience learned 24 Chinese characters in one of two training groups: the Single-Typeface group trained using only one of three Chinese typefaces; the Variable-Typeface group trained using all three. Everyone completed two training and testing phases. During Definition Training, they saw each character six times and learned to associate it with an English definition (-water). After training, participants were tested on their accuracy in providing definitions for the characters. During Form Training, participants chose the characters they had previously learned from a display that included a trained character and a visually similar distractor ( vs ). After training, they were tested on their speed/accuracy in choosing the learned characters. At testing in both phases, half of the words were presented in a familiar typeface; half in a novel typeface. Results showed significant interactions between training and testing conditions in both phases, with a significant effect of training in the Form Testing phase: Single-Typeface training resulted in faster responses for familiar typefaces, but much slower responses for novel typefaces; in comparison, Variable-Typeface training resulted in better generalization to novel typefaces. These results suggest that typeface variability can influence how effectively people generalize knowledge during the initial stages of learning a logographic script.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2090-2103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12426071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of wakeful rest on memory consolidation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 清醒休息对记忆巩固的影响：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02665-x

Linman Weng, Jing Yu, Zhangwei Lv, Shiyan Yang, Simon Theodor Jülich, Xu Lei

{"title":"Effects of wakeful rest on memory consolidation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Linman Weng, Jing Yu, Zhangwei Lv, Shiyan Yang, Simon Theodor Jülich, Xu Lei","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02665-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-025-02665-x","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals spend roughly two-thirds of their day awake, with about half of that time in an offline state. This period may appear unproductive, potentially leading to perceived inefficiency. However, this period appears to be an essential component of our daily lives. Studies have increasingly found that quiet and wakeful rest after learning facilitates the consolidation of newly acquired memories, and enhances memory performance. Few studies quantitatively assessed the overall effect size of wakeful rest on memory consolidation, or examined the potential moderating factors. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis, compiled from 37 studies, including a total of 63 experiments that contributed 82 comparisons to this meta-analysis. We used a multilevel random-effects model to reveal a significant effect of wakeful rest on memory consolidation (Hedges's g = 0.448, 95% CI [0.339, 0.557], Z = 8.044, p < .001), and this effect persists even after 7 days (Hedges's g = 0.270, 95% CI [0.024, 0.516], Z = 2.153, p = .031). The effect of wakeful rest was influenced by age, with older adults deriving greater benefits compared with younger adults. Across different outcome measurements, the effect was better reflected by recall than by recognition. Additionally, the duration of wakeful rest, whether the eyes are open or closed, the luminance level, and the body posture do not seem to influence the wakeful rest effect. This meta-analysis offers a deep understanding of the effects of wakeful rest on memory consolidation and provides guidance for the experimental designs of future research in this area.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"1937-1968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-reference promotes vocabulary learning in a foreign language. 自我参照促进外语词汇学习。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02674-w

Shimon Pruss, Avi Karni, Anat Prior

引用次数: 0

The perception of temporal order can be influenced by retrospective stimulation. 回溯性刺激可影响时间秩序知觉。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02694-6

Fuminori Ono

引用次数: 0

False memories as a function of language proficiency: Differences between semantic and phonological processing. 错误记忆作为语言熟练程度的功能：语义和语音加工之间的差异。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02699-1

Sofia Levina, Kai Chang, Adela Ramovic, Zhichun Yu, Vianny Lugo-Aracena, Derek J Huffman, Jennifer H Coane

{"title":"False memories as a function of language proficiency: Differences between semantic and phonological processing.","authors":"Sofia Levina, Kai Chang, Adela Ramovic, Zhichun Yu, Vianny Lugo-Aracena, Derek J Huffman, Jennifer H Coane","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02699-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-025-02699-1","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies using verbal list-learning tasks have examined how language proficiency affects intrusion rates using semantic/associative lists. Typically, false memories decrease as language proficiency decreases; a finding consistent with fuzzy trace theory (gist extraction is less effective when items are less familiar; Brainerd & Reyna, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 164-169, 2002) and with the activation/monitoring framework (semantic networks are less developed; Roediger et al., 2001). Native and non-native speakers (high and low proficiency, determined based on subjective and objective measures) studied phonological, semantic, and hybrid (half semantic, half phonological) lists to determine whether language proficiency affects errors across different types of associates. False recall was observed in all three proficiency groups; however, the patterns of errors differed. High proficiency and native speakers did not differ from one another: Both groups made the most errors with hybrid lists and similar error rates with semantic and phonological lists. In contrast, low proficiency speakers made significantly fewer semantic than hybrid and phonological errors. All groups showed a strong hyper-additive effect for Hybrid lists. Less proficient speakers might rely less on semantic than phonological information compared to more proficient speakers. The present work indicates that language proficiency modulates false memory broadly. (192 words).","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2296-2310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effort and salience jointly drive saccade selection. 努力和显著性共同驱动了眼跳选择。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02701-w

Damian Koevoet, Christoph Strauch, Marnix Naber, Stefan Van der Stigchel

{"title":"Effort and salience jointly drive saccade selection.","authors":"Damian Koevoet, Christoph Strauch, Marnix Naber, Stefan Van der Stigchel","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02701-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-025-02701-w","url":null,"abstract":"Choosing where to move the eyes ('saccade selection') is one of the most frequent human decisions and fundamentally shapes perception. Currently, saccade selection is thought to be predominantly driven by the observer's goals, selection history, and by the physical salience of stimuli. Recent work demonstrates that the inherent effort associated with planning and executing saccades ('saccade costs') also drives saccade selection: participants prefer making affordable over costly saccades. Do saccade costs still affect saccade selection when other factors such as salience attract gaze? Here, we addressed if, and how, saccade costs and salience together drive saccade selection by having participants freely choose between two potential saccade targets in different directions. Saccade targets either differed in salience or not, allowing us to disentangle the effects of saccade costs and salience. We observed that salience predicted saccade selection: participants chose salient over non-salient targets. Furthermore, saccade costs predicted saccade selection when equally salient targets were presented. When the possible targets differed in salience, the effect of saccade costs on saccade selection was reduced but not eliminated. Further analyses demonstrate that saccade costs and salience jointly drive saccade selection. Together, our results are in line with an accumulating body of work, and show that the role of effort in saccade selection is robust to salience. We conclude that effort must be considered a fundamental factor that drives where the eyes are moved.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2363-2374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12425846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for some form of abstract logical intuition. 某种形式的抽象逻辑直觉的证据。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02713-6

Henry Markovits

引用次数: 0

Statistical learning of target location guides attention proactively. 目标位置的统计学习主动引导注意力。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02710-9

Aidai Golan, Aniruddha Ramgir, Dominique Lamy

{"title":"Statistical learning of target location guides attention proactively.","authors":"Aidai Golan, Aniruddha Ramgir, Dominique Lamy","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02710-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-025-02710-9","url":null,"abstract":"Our perceptual system is highly sensitive to statistical regularities in our environment. In particular, we respond faster to targets that appear in frequently attended locations-a phenomenon known as target-location probability learning (LPL). Is attention proactively aligned with the high-probability target location, or reactively allocated to that location when the learning context is detected? The studies that addressed this question tested whether a spatial attentional bias learned in one task transfers to another. However, they yielded conflicting findings and were open to alternative accounts. We reexamined whether LPL-guided attention is proactively allocated to the high-probability target location while addressing these previous studies' potential caveats, in two experiments. During learning, the search target appeared more often at one location than elsewhere, and during extinction, all search target locations were equiprobable. In both learning and extinction, letter-probe trials were interspersed among the search trials. We found that LPL acquired during search transferred to the letter-probe task during both learning and extinction. Importantly, during extinction, participants continued to prioritize the previously high-probability location on both search and letter-probe trials, even when they were informed after the learning phase that the bias would be discontinued and were asked to start their search at the location indicated by an arrow precue. We conclude that LPL guides attention proactively and inflexibly.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2410-2419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12425840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual differences do not mask effects of unconscious processing. 个体差异并不能掩盖无意识加工的影响。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02679-5

Itay Yaron, Nathan Faivre, Liad Mudrik, Matan Mazor

{"title":"Individual differences do not mask effects of unconscious processing.","authors":"Itay Yaron, Nathan Faivre, Liad Mudrik, Matan Mazor","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02679-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-025-02679-5","url":null,"abstract":"A wave of criticisms and replication failures is currently challenging claims about the scope of unconscious perception and cognition. Such failures to find unconscious processing effects at the population level may reflect the absence of individual-level effects, or alternatively, the averaging out of individual-level effects with opposing signs. Importantly, only the first suggests that consciousness may be necessary for the tested process to take place. To arbitrate between these two possibilities, we tested previously collected data where unconscious processing effects were not found (26 effects from 470 participants), using five frequentist and Bayesian tests that are robust to individual differences in effect signs. By and large, we found no reliable evidence for unconscious effects being masked by individual differences. In contrast, when we examined 136 non-significant effects from other domains, two novel non-parametric tests did reveal effects that were hidden by opposing individual results, though as we show, some of them might be driven by design-related factors. Taken together, five analysis approaches provide strong evidence for the restricted nature of unconscious processing effects not only across participants, but also across different trials within individuals. We provide analysis code and best-practice recommendations for testing for non-directional effects.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"1969-1986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12425849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eye on ambiguity: Effects of valence and valence ambiguity on silent word reading and surprise memory recall using pupillometry. 对歧义的关注：效价歧义和效价歧义对默词阅读和惊奇记忆回忆的影响。

IF 3 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02685-7

Yuen-Lai Chan, Xi Cheng, Chi-Shing Tse

{"title":"Eye on ambiguity: Effects of valence and valence ambiguity on silent word reading and surprise memory recall using pupillometry.","authors":"Yuen-Lai Chan, Xi Cheng, Chi-Shing Tse","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02685-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-025-02685-7","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of valence and valence ambiguity on silent word reading and memory recall using pupillometry. While emotional stimuli are found to influence pupil dilation, there have been mixed findings for the effects of valence in the literature. This study aimed to examine this effect by controlling for extraneous lexical variables (e.g., word and character frequency) and considering valence ambiguity as a distinct factor in linear mixed effects modelling analyses. Native Cantonese-speaking university students (N = 94) engaged in a silent reading task of 90 two-character Chinese words, with their pupillary responses being recorded, followed by a surprise memory recall test. The words varied in valence (negative, neutral, positive) and valence ambiguity (high, low). Analyses revealed that valence ambiguity increased pupil dilation, providing support for the deeper and more elaborated processing associated with words with higher valence ambiguity. While there was no significant effect of valence on pupil dilation, the valence × valence ambiguity interaction showed that negative words with higher ambiguity elicited greater pupil dilation than those with lower ambiguity. Memory recall performance was enhanced by valence ambiguity, independent of word valence, indicating that words with higher valence ambiguity foster more elaborated memory encoding even when it is incidental. These findings further our understanding of pupil dilation in emotional processing during silent word reading and the role of valence ambiguity during memory encoding.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2158-2166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0