Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献_第2页

Changing speed along the mental line: A SNARC-like effect for visual acceleration. 沿着思维线改变速度：一种类似snarc的视觉加速效果。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-10-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-03016-0

Mario Dalmaso, Stefano Dalla Bona, Michele Vicovaro

{"title":"Changing speed along the mental line: A SNARC-like effect for visual acceleration.","authors":"Mario Dalmaso, Stefano Dalla Bona, Michele Vicovaro","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-03016-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-026-03016-0","url":null,"abstract":"Humans tend to map magnitudes onto space, with smaller values associated with the left and larger values with the right. Recent evidence suggests that such spatial mappings extend beyond numbers to include visual speed. Whether a second-order motion property, such as visual acceleration, is also spatially represented remains unclear. We addressed this question in two experiments using a centrally presented random dot kinematogram (RDK). Participants indicated, via lateralised key presses, whether the stimulus decelerated or accelerated relative to an initial constant-speed reference. In Experiment 1, all dots moved coherently in a single direction randomly selected on each trial. In Experiment 2, dot directions were randomised at the element level, creating an isotropic motion field. A distance effect (i.e., faster responses for larger absolute acceleration values) emerged in both experiments, indicating that acceleration was processed as a continuous magnitude. Crucially, a left-to-right spatial mapping emerged only in Experiment 2. These findings provide evidence that visual acceleration can be spatially represented, but that this mapping depends on the structure of the motion signal.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why are pictures remembered better than sounds? The roles of subjective vividness of mental imagery and semantic labels. 为什么图片比声音更容易被记住？心理意象的主观生动性和语义标签的作用。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-10-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-03015-1

F N Ahmad, S Tremblay, M Alvi, M D Karkuszewski, Z Kan, I Ruso, W E Hockley

{"title":"Why are pictures remembered better than sounds? The roles of subjective vividness of mental imagery and semantic labels.","authors":"F N Ahmad, S Tremblay, M Alvi, M D Karkuszewski, Z Kan, I Ruso, W E Hockley","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-03015-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-026-03015-1","url":null,"abstract":"Pictures are recognized more accurately than environmental sounds, possibly because pictures provide enhanced conceptual and perceptual representations than sounds. Conceptual-perceptual distinctiveness (CPD) theory proposes that pictures benefit from stronger semantic organization and more diagnostic perceptual detail. It remains unclear whether the picture superiority effect reflects differences in the subjective vividness of retrieved memories and whether increasing category-level semantic support can enhance vividness for environmental sounds, thereby reducing picture superiority in recognition memory. Vividness was assessed independently of recognition by having participants generate a mental image from a written label and rate its vividness before old/new judgment of the recognition probe. Experiment 1 replicated the picture superiority effect, with pictures producing higher vividness and recognition accuracy than sounds. In Experiments 2A and 2B, written labels strengthened category-level semantic support for sounds, increasing vividness and target recognition and eliminating modality differences for targets. However, pictures continued to show superior lure (i.e., exemplar foil) discrimination and higher vividness preceding accurate lure rejection. Generalized linear mixed-effects (GLMM) analyses showed that vividness selectively predicted correct target recognition for pictures, whereas for sounds, greater vividness also increased false recognition of lures. Together, these findings suggest that semantic support enhances vividness of mental imagery and target recognition for sounds, whereas the picture superiority effect for lure recognition reflects stronger item-specific retrieval information.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning how: A "mindless" procedure alone gives rise to contextual cueing-A weakly supervised connectionist model of statistical context learning in visual search. 如何学习：一个“无意识”的过程本身就会产生上下文线索——视觉搜索中统计上下文学习的弱监督连接主义模型。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-09-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-02999-0

Werner Seitz, Artyom Zinchenko, Hermann J Müller, Thomas Geyer

{"title":"Learning how: A \"mindless\" procedure alone gives rise to contextual cueing-A weakly supervised connectionist model of statistical context learning in visual search.","authors":"Werner Seitz, Artyom Zinchenko, Hermann J Müller, Thomas Geyer","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-02999-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-026-02999-0","url":null,"abstract":"Because our environment is not random, it is beneficial to assimilate the statistics of sensory impressions and improve performance, such as visual search for a target object in a cluttered array of nontarget objects (contextual cueing [CC] effect). Computational models of CC have so far focused on predicting the target location from a particular configuration of nontarget items. This contrasts with recent findings according to which display repetitions train human participants' general procedures for the search task. Here, we test the latter idea by employing a connectionist model of visual search that exclusively learns a search procedure without acquiring any individual display-layout information. We show that an instance of a \"learning how\" mechanism not only proposes a viable alternative account to existing \"learning that\" mechanisms, but also generates more plausible key behavioral metrics and exhibits a central bias as an emergent phenomenon of learning-induced plasticity. These findings have implications for models of visual search and artificial intelligence: Learning a procedure from leveraging a task's structure alone can mimic the effects of top-down modulation of attention while also reducing the need for supervision in learning, thereby making computational models that leverage procedural learning behaviorally more plausible and easier to train.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconstructing mental representations of block towers: A new bias for physical stability in visual working memory. 重建方块塔的心理表征：视觉工作记忆中物理稳定性的新倾向。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-03002-6

Stefan Uddenberg, Jun Kwak, Brian J Scholl

{"title":"Reconstructing mental representations of block towers: A new bias for physical stability in visual working memory.","authors":"Stefan Uddenberg, Jun Kwak, Brian J Scholl","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-03002-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-026-03002-6","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have explored the perception of physical properties (such as mass and stability) in psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence (AI), and perhaps the most popular stimulus from such studies is the block tower - since such displays (of stacked rectilinear objects) evoke immediate vivid impressions of physical (in)stability. Previous work has studied how people make higher-level decisions about such towers, often with explicit questions (\"Which way will it fall?\"), and limited to those tower properties that are systematically manipulated as explicit independent variables. Here, in contrast, we explored how such stimuli are spontaneously encoded into visual working memory in the first place. Using a novel drag-and-drop reconstruction task in a custom three-dimensional interface, observers briefly viewed randomly generated block towers, and then simply reproduced them from memory - without ever being asked about stability, per se. By simulating both the original and reconstructed towers in a physics engine, we discovered a novel bias: observers reliably remember towers as more stable than they originally were, even when the reconstructions are otherwise accurate. This reveals for the first time how visual memory is structured (and biased) not only by how scenes are segmented into objects, but also by how those objects are physically related to each other - all without ever asking anyone anything about physics.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning from mistakes: Objective and subjective error magnitudes predict the testing effect. 从错误中学习：客观和主观误差大小预测测试效果。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-03009-z

Aike Shi, Xiaonan L Liu

{"title":"Learning from mistakes: Objective and subjective error magnitudes predict the testing effect.","authors":"Aike Shi, Xiaonan L Liu","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-03009-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-026-03009-z","url":null,"abstract":"The testing effect-where retrieval practice enhances memory more than restudy-remains mechanistically debated. We advance an error-driven learning (EDL) account, proposing that testing enhances memory by generating error signals that drive learning. Across two experiments using a color-wheel paradigm, we quantified retrieval errors on a continuous scale and examined three types of error signals: objective errors (OE), defined as the angular discrepancy between the correct color and the participant's response; predicted errors (PredE), defined as participants' prefeedback estimate of how inaccurate their response was; and perceived errors (PercE), defined as participants' postfeedback estimate of the discrepancy between their response and the correct answer. Experiment 1 showed that larger OE during practice predicted greater memory updating. Experiment 2 further revealed that PredE and PercE uniquely predicted memory updating beyond OE. To formalize these dynamics, we developed a computational model (WRAP-E) that simulates distinct memory-strengthening roles for OE, PredE, and PercE across different stages of retrieval. Our findings highlight errors as not merely byproducts of failed recall, but as potent drivers of learning, both through their magnitude and metacognitive interpretation. This framework offers a unified account of the testing effect and carries implications for theories of memory, metacognition, and educational practice.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Musical expectations modulate declarative memory formation. 音乐预期调节陈述性记忆的形成。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-03020-4

Naama Benes, Daniel Y Panitz, Shai Gabay, Avi Mendelsohn

{"title":"Musical expectations modulate declarative memory formation.","authors":"Naama Benes, Daniel Y Panitz, Shai Gabay, Avi Mendelsohn","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-03020-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-026-03020-4","url":null,"abstract":"Music elicits powerful engagement through the generation and resolution of expectations, yet its effects on declarative memory formation remain unclear. Using predictive processing frameworks, we examined whether harmonic expectancy and prediction error modulate memory formation for concurrently presented visual stimuli. Participants listened to Bach chorales in which musical instruments probabilistically predicted consonant or dissonant endings, generating distinct expectations of outcomes. Neutral images were presented both before and after the critical musical period, and memory was tested 24 h later. At the period where the music either changed to dissonant or remained consonant, participants were prompted to rate whether the music was pleasant or unpleasant at that time. Participants showed robust sensitivity to harmonic structure, rating consonant endings as pleasant and responding faster to dissonant endings. Critically, unsigned prediction error magnitude positively predicted subsequent recognition accuracy and confidence. Whereas the relationship between prediction error and recognition accuracy did not reliably differ across temporal periods, its relationship with confidence was significantly stronger for images encoded in the anticipatory period preceding the musical transition. These findings indicate that musical expectations modulate declarative memory, with temporal specificity evident for subjective confidence, suggesting that prediction-related processes gate episodic encoding in a graded, time-dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A psychometrics of individual differences in the truth effect. 真实效应中个体差异的心理测量学。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-02975-8

Selina Zajdler, Martin Schnuerch

{"title":"A psychometrics of individual differences in the truth effect.","authors":"Selina Zajdler, Martin Schnuerch","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-02975-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-026-02975-8","url":null,"abstract":"The truth effect, the tendency to judge repeated information as more truthful, is a robust cognitive phenomenon. Yet efforts to study individual differences in this effect have returned inconsistent results. We argue that these inconsistencies largely reflect methodological limitations. Specifically, since correlations are attenuated by low reliability, conflicting findings likely stem from inconsistent measurement reliability across studies. In this structured, large-scale analysis of truth-effect datasets, we assess the psychometric properties of truth-effect paradigms. Rather than focusing solely on reliability - which depends on the number of replicate trials - we use signal-to-noise ratios, a recently proposed metric that captures psychometric goodness independent of trial size. Together, signal-to-noise ratios and trial size determine reliability, and both vary considerably across studies. Because increasing trial size alone is not always sufficient to ensure adequate reliability, we identify design characteristics that influence psychometric goodness in truth-effect experiments, such as stimulus material, initial task, sample composition, and study setting. Based on these findings, we offer practical recommendations for designing truth-effect experiments that afford the necessary psychometric goodness to measure individual differences. We show that, when psychometric goodness is high, localizing individual differences and their correlations with other psychological constructs is feasible with a manageable number of trials. These findings provide a basis for future research on individual differences in the truth effect and further underscore the importance of psychometric considerations in cognitive experiments.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexibility in abstract thought: Context-dependent representations of integer magnitude. 抽象思维的灵活性：整数量级的语境依赖性表征。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-09-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-02977-6

Nicholas A Vest, Martha W Alibali

{"title":"Flexibility in abstract thought: Context-dependent representations of integer magnitude.","authors":"Nicholas A Vest, Martha W Alibali","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-02977-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-026-02977-6","url":null,"abstract":"Negative numbers are challenging because they lack direct perceptual referents and require reasoning about magnitude in a relational, bi-directional manner. This review examines how people represent and use integer magnitude on the mental number line, a cognitive tool that learners initially use for positive numbers, focusing on the flexibility with which this tool is deployed across contexts. Synthesizing evidence from cognitive psychology, developmental science, and mathematics education, we evaluate three broad accounts: componential accounts, which treat sign and magnitude as separable symbolic elements; extension accounts, which posit a continuous magnitude representation extending across zero; and reflection accounts, which propose a symmetry-based organization of magnitude around zero. Across experimental paradigms, task formats, and age groups, findings reveal substantial variability in behavioral signatures of integer processing. We argue that this variability reflects context-dependent recruitment of multiple co-existing representations rather than a single, fixed structure or a stage-like developmental progression. On this view, the mental number line functions as a dynamic cognitive tool that can be reparameterized in the moment to support rule-based, analog, or relational reasoning. Understanding how integer magnitude is flexibly represented and used provides insight into the mechanisms of abstract thought, coordination of representations, and conceptual change.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of selective attention in value-modulated attentional capture. 选择性注意在价值调节的注意捕获中的作用。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-09-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-02964-x

Francisco Garre-Frutos, Miguel A Vadillo, Jan Theeuwes, Dirk van Moorselaar, Juan Lupiáñez

{"title":"The role of selective attention in value-modulated attentional capture.","authors":"Francisco Garre-Frutos, Miguel A Vadillo, Jan Theeuwes, Dirk van Moorselaar, Juan Lupiáñez","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-02964-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-026-02964-x","url":null,"abstract":"Stimuli that reliably predict reward can increase their capacity to capture attention. This value-modulated attentional capture (VMAC) is typically viewed as independent of task goals or physical salience, arising from associative learning. However, recent evidence suggests that the awareness of the stimulus-reward contingency may be necessary during the acquisition of such attentional biases, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. One possibility is that awareness mediates the learning process of VMAC by directing selective attention toward the reward-predictive feature. The present preregistered study tested whether reward-related attentional biases arise primarily from such selective attention, independently of awareness. Participants performed a visual search task in which one of two singleton distractors-one predicting high reward, the other low reward-appeared on a subset of trials. Selective attention to the reward-predictive feature (i.e., distractor color) was manipulated between groups: In some trials, one group reported the reward-predictive distractor's color, while the other group reported a non-reward-predictive feature (its location). Otherwise, the stimulus-reward contingencies remained identical for both groups. The typical VMAC effect, as measured by slower response times for the high-value compared to the low-value distractor, emerged only in the group that attended to the color. Critically, the previous result cannot be explained by individual differences in awareness. These findings indicate that selective attention to the reward-predictive feature contributes to the acquisition of reward-related attentional biases, independently of awareness about the color-reward contingency.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Typing-based maxispan generalizes motor-based maintenance beyond speech. 基于类型的maxispan将基于电机的维护推广到言语之外。

IF 3.1 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-026-03014-2

Thomas Pelletier, Sho Ishiguro, Jean Saint-Aubin

{"title":"Typing-based maxispan generalizes motor-based maintenance beyond speech.","authors":"Thomas Pelletier, Sho Ishiguro, Jean Saint-Aubin","doi":"10.3758/s13423-026-03014-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-026-03014-2","url":null,"abstract":"Maxispan procedures were developed to test whether conventional span tasks underestimate working memory (WM) performance as people may not optimally coordinate distinct maintenance mechanisms under typical procedures. In the time-based resource-sharing framework, recall can improve when a small initial subset of items is stabilized via a rehearsal-based motor program while later unrehearsed items are maintained via attention-based refreshing. Consistent with this assumption, maxispan studies have provided two key findings: improved recall for both rehearsed and unrehearsed items. Nevertheless, because prior maxispan demonstrations implemented the rehearsal component through (sub)vocal articulation, it remains unclear whether the motor-based contribution is speech-specific. We introduce a typing-based maxispan that replaces vocal rehearsal with manual motor control. Participants studied lists of digits (nine in Experiments 1 and 2; seven in Experiment 3). Critically, they cumulatively rehearsed the first four by typing them on a numeric keypad throughout list presentation and maintained the remaining digits via attention. Three laboratory experiments showed that typing-based maxispan improved immediate serial recall relative to a simple-span control, even under articulatory suppression. The advantage was driven by near-ceiling recall for the first segment of typed items and better recall for the last segment of unrehearsed items, in line with the two key findings from vocal-based maxispan studies. Our findings support a generalized motor-control account in which assigning a limited subset of items to a low-attention motor program can enhance short-term recall beyond the vocal domain. The typing-based maxispan provides a new tool for testing how motor-based and attention-based maintenance jointly determine WM span.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0