Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献_第10页

A comment on the Revised Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (RDMC). 对修订的冲突任务扩散模型（RDMC）的评论。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02574-5

Markus Janczyk, Ian Grant Mackenzie, Valentin Koob

{"title":"A comment on the Revised Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (RDMC).","authors":"Markus Janczyk, Ian Grant Mackenzie, Valentin Koob","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02574-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02574-5","url":null,"abstract":"In conflict tasks, such as the Simon, Eriksen flanker, or Stroop task, a relevant and an irrelevant feature indicate the same or different responses in congruent and incongruent trials, respectively. The congruency effect refers to faster and less error-prone responses in congruent relative to incongruent trials. Distributional analyses reveal that the congruency effect in the Simon task becomes smaller with increasing RTs, reflected by a negative-going delta function. In contrast, for other tasks, the delta function is typically positive-going, meaning that congruency effects become larger with increasing RTs. The Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (DMC; Ulrich et al., Cognitive Psychology, 78, 148-174, 2015) accounts for this by explicitly modeling the information accumulated from the relevant and the irrelevant features and attributes negatively- versus positively-sloped delta functions to different peak times of a pulse-like activation resulting from the task-irrelevant feature. Because the underlying function implies negative drift rates, Lee and Sewell (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 31(5), 1-31, 2024) recently questioned this assumption and suggested their Revised Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (RDMC). We address three issues regarding RDMC compared to DMC: (1) The pulse-like function is not as implausible as Lee and Sewell suggest. (2) RDMC itself comes with a questionable assumption that different parameters are required for congruent and incongruent trials. (3) Moreover, we present data from a new parameter recovery study, suggesting that RDMC lacks acceptable recovery of several parameters (in particular compared to DMC). In this light, we discuss RDMC as not (yet) a revised version of DMC.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"690-704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The maxispan procedure makes the phonological similarity effect disappear while increasing recall performance. maxispan 程序使语音相似性效应消失，同时提高了召回性能。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02594-1

Simon Gorin, Valérie Camos, Pierre Barrouillet

{"title":"The maxispan procedure makes the phonological similarity effect disappear while increasing recall performance.","authors":"Simon Gorin, Valérie Camos, Pierre Barrouillet","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02594-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02594-1","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the hypothesis of two maintenance mechanisms of verbal information in working memory, an articulatory loop and an attentional executive loop, Barrouillet et al. predicted and observed that facilitating the optimal use and separation of these two systems results in a strong increase in recall performance. They developed for this purpose the maxispan procedure, in which participants cumulatively rehearse aloud a limited number of the first items of the series (i.e., three or four) and keep rehearsing them until the end of the series before recall. Beyond increasing recall performance, the model also predicts that the maxispan procedure should also abolish the phonological similarity effect (PSE, the poorer recall of phonologically similar than dissimilar items) in both the rehearsed and the nonrehearsed items by permitting the perfect maintenance of the former in a nonoverloaded articulatory loop and preventing storage of phonological traces of the latter in the attentional system. However, the PSE should reappear if too many items are verbally rehearsed in the maxispan procedure. In this case, the overload of the articulatory loop should lead to offload its content into the attentional system where phonologically similar traces are prone to confusion. We tested and verified these hypotheses in two experiments.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"887-895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Printing words in alternating colors facilitates eye movements among young and older Chinese adults. 用交替的颜色印刷单词可促进中国年轻人和老年人的眼球运动。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02581-6

Jinger Pan, Aiping Wang, Mingsha Zhang, Yiu-Kei Tsang, Ming Yan

引用次数: 0

Transitive inference as probabilistic preference learning. 作为概率偏好学习的传递推理。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02600-6

Francesco Mannella, Giovanni Pezzulo

引用次数: 0

How does emotional content influence visual word recognition? A meta-analysis of valence effects. 情感内容如何影响视觉单词识别？情绪效应荟萃分析

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02555-8

Pilar Ferré, Alberto J Sánchez-Carmona, Juan Haro, Rocío Calvillo-Torres, Jacobo Albert, José Antonio Hinojosa

{"title":"How does emotional content influence visual word recognition? A meta-analysis of valence effects.","authors":"Pilar Ferré, Alberto J Sánchez-Carmona, Juan Haro, Rocío Calvillo-Torres, Jacobo Albert, José Antonio Hinojosa","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02555-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02555-8","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the interplay between language and emotion has shown evidence that the affective content of words influences their recognition. However, the direction of the effects is not clear, as there are mixed findings regarding the role of positive and, especially, negative valence. We conducted a Bayesian multi-level meta-analysis to examine the role of valence in visual word recognition, focusing on the lexical decision task. The results revealed a facilitative effect of positive valence on lexical decision times. That is, positive words led to faster responses than both negative and neutral words. In contrast, negative valence did not have any effect, although the analysis of several moderator variables suggested that there might be a facilitative effect in some cases, specifically, when negative words elicit very strong and intense emotions. These results shed light on the complexities of emotional word processing. They also point to the need for psycholinguistic models to take affective information into account, and thus provide a complete view of visual word recognition.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"570-587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the rate of failure to notice function word errors in natural reading. 估算自然阅读中未注意到功能词错误的比率。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02586-1

Adrian Staub, Alan Chen, Emily Peck, Natasha Taylor

{"title":"Estimating the rate of failure to notice function word errors in natural reading.","authors":"Adrian Staub, Alan Chen, Emily Peck, Natasha Taylor","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02586-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02586-1","url":null,"abstract":"Skilled readers sometimes fail to notice seemingly obvious errors in text, such as the repetition or omission of a function word or the transposition of two words, suggesting that linguistic knowledge can override bottom-up input at either a perceptual or postperceptual level. The present study investigates the role of this top-down process of error correction in natural reading of extended texts. In previous research, critical sentences have been presented one at a time, and subjects were explicitly tasked with detecting errors. In the present study, each participant read a full newspaper article or pair of articles, with their comprehension tested by multiple choice questions. As a secondary task, participants were also instructed that they should make a mouse click on any errors in the text, without any instruction as to the frequency or nature of any such errors. Each article contained nine intentionally inserted errors involving function words: three repetitions, three omissions, and three transpositions. After removing subjects who did not click on the text at all (leaving n = 165), the median subject made seven clicks, but detected only one of the nine inserted errors. Neither error type nor article type (highly professional vs. amateur) clearly modulated the rate of error detection, though subjects clicked more often overall on the amateur articles. We conclude that previous research has dramatically underestimated the rate at which readers fail to notice these function word errors; in natural reading, they are noticed only rarely. No existing reading model can account for this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"847-854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are the early stages of orthographic processing universal? Insights from masked priming with Semitic words. 正字法加工的早期阶段具有普遍性吗？闪米特语单词遮蔽引物的启示。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02563-8

Sami Boudelaa, Manuel Perea, Manuel Carreiras

{"title":"Are the early stages of orthographic processing universal? Insights from masked priming with Semitic words.","authors":"Sami Boudelaa, Manuel Perea, Manuel Carreiras","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02563-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02563-8","url":null,"abstract":"Two views contend to account for the processes at play during the early stages of visual word recognition. The first holds that these stages are not modulated by the idiosyncratic properties of different languages. The second maintains that the structural properties of the language determine the weighting of the different domains of linguistic knowledge (e.g., orthographic and morphological domains may be differentially weighted across languages). To explore this question, we focused on orthographic priming in Arabic. In this Semitic language, lexical representations are claimed to be based on morphological similarity, with little or no role for orthographic similarity. We conducted two masked priming experiments using the yes-no and go/no-go versions of the lexical decision task to determine if Arabic target words (e.g., مدير 'mudyr', director) are facilitated by nonword primes that are orthographically but not morphologically related (i.e., pairs share neither a root nor a word pattern; e.g.,ماير 'maAyr') relative to unrelated primes. Results showed faster responses for the orthographically related target words than for the unrelated target words in the two experiments. These findings favor the view that the early phases of visual word processing in Semitic and Indo-European languages are fundamentally the same.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"770-778"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increasing transparency of computer-aided detection impairs decision-making in visual search. 提高计算机辅助检测的透明度会影响视觉搜索的决策。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02601-5

Melina A Kunar, Giovanni Montana, Derrick G Watson

{"title":"Increasing transparency of computer-aided detection impairs decision-making in visual search.","authors":"Melina A Kunar, Giovanni Montana, Derrick G Watson","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02601-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02601-5","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to changes in healthcare. Government and regulatory bodies have advocated the need for transparency in AI systems with recommendations to provide users with more details about AI accuracy and how AI systems work. However, increased transparency could lead to negative outcomes if humans become overreliant on the technology. This study investigated how changes in AI transparency affected human decision-making in a medical-screening visual search task. Transparency was manipulated by either giving or withholding knowledge about the accuracy of an 'AI system'. We tested performance in seven simulated lab mammography tasks, in which observers searched for a cancer which could be correctly or incorrectly flagged by computer-aided detection (CAD) 'AI prompts'. Across tasks, the CAD systems varied in accuracy. In the 'transparent' condition, participants were told the accuracy of the CAD system, in the 'not transparent' condition, they were not. The results showed that increasing CAD transparency impaired task performance, producing an increase in false alarms, decreased sensitivity, an increase in recall rate, and a decrease in positive predictive value. Along with increasing investment in AI, this research shows that it is important to investigate how transparency of AI systems affect human decision-making. Increased transparency may lead to overtrust in AI systems, which can impact clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"951-960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual differences do not mask effects of unconscious processing. 个体差异并不能掩盖无意识加工的影响。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02679-5

Itay Yaron, Nathan Faivre, Liad Mudrik, Matan Mazor

{"title":"Individual differences do not mask effects of unconscious processing.","authors":"Itay Yaron, Nathan Faivre, Liad Mudrik, Matan Mazor","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02679-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02679-5","url":null,"abstract":"A wave of criticisms and replication failures is currently challenging claims about the scope of unconscious perception and cognition. Such failures to find unconscious processing effects at the population level may reflect the absence of individual-level effects, or alternatively, the averaging out of individual-level effects with opposing signs. Importantly, only the first suggests that consciousness may be necessary for the tested process to take place. To arbitrate between these two possibilities, we tested previously collected data where unconscious processing effects were not found (26 effects from 470 participants), using five frequentist and Bayesian tests that are robust to individual differences in effect signs. By and large, we found no reliable evidence for unconscious effects being masked by individual differences. In contrast, when we examined 136 non-significant effects from other domains, two novel non-parametric tests did reveal effects that were hidden by opposing individual results, though as we show, some of them might be driven by design-related factors. Taken together, five analysis approaches provide strong evidence for the restricted nature of unconscious processing effects not only across participants, but also across different trials within individuals. We provide analysis code and best-practice recommendations for testing for non-directional effects.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategic control finely tunes working memory performance without the benefit of selection history. 策略控制在没有选择历史的情况下精细地调整工作记忆的表现。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02681-x

Susan M Ravizza

{"title":"Strategic control finely tunes working memory performance without the benefit of selection history.","authors":"Susan M Ravizza","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02681-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02681-x","url":null,"abstract":"People can predict the probability of an event occurring and allocate mental resources accordingly. For example, the likelihood of recalling an item from working memory varies as a function of the importance of recalling that item. Strategic control is thought to finely tune working memory performance using probabilistic information, but a possible contribution of automatic processes based on selection history has not been investigated. To determine if graded working memory performance is due to strategic control or selection history, probabilistic information was either blocked (Experiment 1) or changed from trial to trial (Experiment 2). A spatial cue indicated the likelihood (i.e., 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%) that one of two colors would have to be recalled. Attention was directed externally by a pre-cue presented before the memory array or internally by a retro-cue after the memory array. As in previous studies, cue effects increased linearly with greater predictability of the cue in the blocked conditions of Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, this finding was replicated despite a lower contribution from selection history when probability changed from trial to trial. In both experiments, cue effects were similar for the pre-cue and retro-cue conditions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that probability effects on WM performance are due to finely tuned strategic control without a strong contribution from selection history.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0