Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献_第9页

Stepwise updating of probabilities is neither universal nor fully explained by motor costs. 逐步更新概率既不具有普遍性，也不能完全用运动成本来解释。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02584-3

Julia Schirmeister, Britt Anderson

{"title":"Stepwise updating of probabilities is neither universal nor fully explained by motor costs.","authors":"Julia Schirmeister, Britt Anderson","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02584-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02584-3","url":null,"abstract":"Often our expectations are set by sampling many times from the same distribution. When that distribution changes, so should our expectations. If we want to decide whether to take our umbrella today we need to have tracked, and updated, our estimate of the probability of rain by reference to recent temperatures and precipitation. Under debate is whether we update our mental estimates of probabilities given each new incoming piece of evidence or whether we stick with a current estimate until it becomes clearly in need of change. Previous research has suggested that participant estimates of running probabilities are not updated on every trial, but only intermittently. This has been used to support change-point models of probability updating. However, such a pattern could also be explained by the way common laboratory procedures impose a motor cost to update the probability report. This study was designed to remove the motor confound. Our procedure required similar motor actions for both changing and maintaining one's probability estimate. At a group level, motor cost did affect updating frequency and removing the default response option encouraged more frequent updating. However, intermittent updating response patterns did not disappear completely. Despite this equivalence in response effort, some participants, even when forced to make a new estimate on every trial, continued to update rarely while other participants meticulously updated every trial. We conclude deliberate updating frequency is heterogenous but intermittent updating is not simply an artifact of motor cost.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"839-846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foreign language talker identification does not generalize to new talkers. 外语交谈者的识别并不能推广到新的交谈者。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02598-x

Jayden J Lee, Jessica A A Tin, Tyler K Perrachione

{"title":"Foreign language talker identification does not generalize to new talkers.","authors":"Jayden J Lee, Jessica A A Tin, Tyler K Perrachione","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02598-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02598-x","url":null,"abstract":"Listeners identify talkers less accurately in a foreign language than in their native language, but it remains unclear whether this language-familiarity effect arises because listeners (1) simply lack experience identifying foreign-language talkers or (2) gain access to additional talker-specific information during concurrent linguistic processing of talkers' speech. Here, we tested whether sustained practice identifying talkers of an unfamiliar, foreign language could lead to generalizable improvement in learning to identify new talkers speaking that language, even if listeners remained unable to understand the talkers' speech. English-speaking adults with no prior experience with Mandarin practiced learning to identify Mandarin-speaking talkers over four consecutive days and were tested on their ability to generalize their Mandarin talker-identification abilities to new Mandarin-speaking talkers on the fourth day. In a \"same-voices\" training condition, listeners learned to identify the same talkers for the first 3 days and new talkers on the fourth day; in a \"different-voices\" condition, listeners learned to identify a different set of voices on each day including the fourth day. Listeners in the same-voices condition showed daily improvement in talker identification across the first 3 days but returned to baseline when trying to learn new talkers on the fourth day, whereas listeners in the different-voices condition showed no improvement across the 4 days. After 4 days, neither group demonstrated generalized improvement in learning new Mandarin-speaking talkers versus their baseline performance. These results suggest that, in the absence of specific linguistic knowledge, listeners are unable to develop generalizable foreign-language talker-identification abilities.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"941-950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When is context used to guide prospective memory monitoring? 何时使用情境来指导前瞻性记忆监测？

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02568-3

B Hunter Ball, Phil Peper, Julie M Bugg

{"title":"When is context used to guide prospective memory monitoring?","authors":"B Hunter Ball, Phil Peper, Julie M Bugg","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02568-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02568-3","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the environment for prospective memory (PM) targets can be attentionally demanding, such as searching for a pharmacy to pick up medication while driving in traffic. It is therefore optimal to increase monitoring in contexts when the probability of encountering a PM target is high (e.g., business plaza) and decrease monitoring in contexts when the probability is low (e.g., residential area), referred to as strategic monitoring. In some instances, though, identifying whether the context is appropriate for monitoring can be attentionally demanding. For example, when contextual information varies unpredictably, it may be easier to continuously monitor rather than dynamically increase and decrease monitoring on a moment-by-moment basis. The current study extends previous research by showing that participants strategically monitor when the ongoing task automatically orients attention to contextual information (i.e., focal context cues), regardless of the difficulty of checking for PM targets (Experiment 1). In contrast, when ongoing task processing does not orient attention to contextual information (i.e., nonfocal context cues), participants only strategically monitor when the demands of target checking are high (Experiment 2). These findings suggest that the decision to utilize context to adjust monitoring is driven by a cost-benefit analysis that weighs the perceived efforts of context identification relative to the expected benefit of not having to check for PM targets on half of the trials. When the perceived effort of identifying context on each trial is outweighed by the benefit of reducing target checking on a subset of trials, strategic monitoring occurs.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"791-800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards a model of eye-movement control in Chinese reading. 建立中文阅读中的眼动控制模型。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02570-9

Yanping Liu, Lili Yu, Erik D Reichle

{"title":"Towards a model of eye-movement control in Chinese reading.","authors":"Yanping Liu, Lili Yu, Erik D Reichle","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02570-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02570-9","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese writing system has several features that make it markedly different from the alphabetic systems that have most often been examined in reading research, including the fact that individual words consist of various uniformly sized, box-shaped characters whose boundaries are not clearly demarcated (e.g., by blank spaces). These features raise the question: How do readers of Chinese \"know\" where to move their eyes for the purpose of efficiently segmenting and/or identifying words? To answer this question, we used the E-Z Reader model of eye-movement control in reading to run an 'experiment' involving a series of simulations in which two saccade-targeting assumptions (i.e., directing the eyes towards default targets vs. adjusting saccade length as a function of parafoveal processing difficulty) were factorially manipulated with three word-segmentation heuristics (i.e., ideal-observer knowledge of word boundaries vs. probabilistic guessing vs. familiarity-based segmentation) to examine which combination of assumptions provide the best quantitative account of eye-movement control during the reading of Chinese. Based on these simulations, we conclude the best account is one in which readers use relative differences in the familiarity of groups of parafoveal characters to dynamically adjust the lengths of saccades in a manner that affords efficient word identification. We discuss the broader theoretical implications of these conclusions for models of Chinese reading and for models of reading more generally.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"493-527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory augmentation with an adaptive cognitive interface. 利用自适应认知界面增强记忆。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02589-y

Brady R T Roberts, Julia Pruin, Wilma A Bainbridge, Monica D Rosenberg, Megan T deBettencourt

{"title":"Memory augmentation with an adaptive cognitive interface.","authors":"Brady R T Roberts, Julia Pruin, Wilma A Bainbridge, Monica D Rosenberg, Megan T deBettencourt","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02589-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02589-y","url":null,"abstract":"What we remember reflects both what we encounter, such as the intrinsic memorability of a stimulus, and our internal attentional state when we encounter that stimulus. Our memories are better for memorable images and images encountered in an engaged attentional state. Here, in an effort to modulate long-term memory performance, we manipulated these factors in combination by selecting the memorability of presented images contingent on individuals' natural fluctuations in sustained attention. Can image memorability and attentional state be strategically combined to improve memory? Are memorable images still well remembered during lapses in sustained attention, and conversely, can attentive states rescue memory performance for forgettable images? We designed a procedure to monitor participants' sustained attention dynamics on the fly via their response time fluctuations during a continuous performance task with trial-unique scene images. When high- or low-attentional states were detected, our algorithm triggered the presentation of high- or low-memorability images. Afterwards, participants completed a surprise recognition memory test for the attention-triggered images. Results demonstrated that memory performance for memorable items is not only resistant to lapses in sustained attention but also that memory cannot be further improved by encoding memorable items in engaged attentional states. On the other hand, memory performance for low-memorability images can be rescued by attentive encoding states. In sum, we show that both memorability and sustained attention can be leveraged in real time to maximize memory performance. This approach suggests that adaptive cognitive interfaces can tailor what information appears when to best support overall memory.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"875-886"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical comparisons of exponential expressions: The saliency of the base component. 指数表达式的数值比较：基数部分的显著性

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02571-8

Ami Feder, Mariya Lozin, Nadav Neumann, Michal Pinhas

{"title":"Numerical comparisons of exponential expressions: The saliency of the base component.","authors":"Ami Feder, Mariya Lozin, Nadav Neumann, Michal Pinhas","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02571-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02571-8","url":null,"abstract":"Exponential expressions represent series that grow at a fast pace such as carbon pollution and the spread of disease. Despite their importance, people tend to struggle with these expressions. In two experiments, participants chose the larger of two exponential expressions as quickly and accurately as possible. We manipulated the distance between the base/power components and their compatibility. In base-power compatible pairs, both the base and power of one expression were larger than the other (e.g., 23 vs. 34), while in base-power incompatible pairs, the base of one expression was larger than the base in the other expression but the relation between the power components of the two expressions was reversed (e.g., 32 vs. 24). Moreover, while in the first experiment the larger power always led to the larger result, in the second experiment we introduced base-result congruent pairs as well. Namely, the larger base led to the larger result. Our results showed a base-power compatibility effect, which was also larger for larger power distances (Experiments 1-2). Furthermore, participants processed the base-result congruent pairs faster and more accurately than the power-result congruent pairs (Experiment 2). These findings suggest that while both the base and power components are processed when comparing exponential expressions, the base is more salient. This exemplifies an incorrect processing of the syntax of exponential expressions, where the power typically has a larger mathematical contribution to the result of the expression.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"705-713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reaction-time task reliability is more accurately computed with permutation-based split-half correlations than with Cronbach's alpha. 与 Cronbach's alpha 相比，用基于置换的分半相关法计算反应时任务信度更为准确。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02597-y

Sercan Kahveci, Arne C Bathke, Jens Blechert

{"title":"Reaction-time task reliability is more accurately computed with permutation-based split-half correlations than with Cronbach's alpha.","authors":"Sercan Kahveci, Arne C Bathke, Jens Blechert","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02597-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02597-y","url":null,"abstract":"While it has become standard practice to report the reliability of self-report scales, it remains uncommon to do the same for experimental paradigms. To facilitate this practice, we review old and new ways to compute reliability in reaction-time tasks, and we compare their accuracy using a simulation study. Highly inaccurate and negatively biased reliability estimates are obtained through the common practice of averaging sets of trials and submitting them to Cronbach's alpha. Much more accurate reliability estimates are obtained using split-half reliability methods, especially by computing many random split-half correlations and aggregating them in a metric known as permutation-based split-half reliability. Through reanalysis of existing data and comparison of reliability values reported in the literature, we confirm that Cronbach's alpha also tends to be lower than split-half reliability in real data. We further establish a set of practices to maximize the accuracy of the permutation-based split-half reliability coefficient through simulations. We find that its accuracy is improved by ensuring each split-half dataset contains an approximately equal number of trials for each stimulus, by correcting the averaged correlation for test length using a modified variant of the Spearman-Brown formula, and by computing a sufficient number of split-half correlations: around 5,400 are needed to obtain a stable estimate for median-based double-difference scores computed from 30 participants and 256 trials. To conclude, we review the available software for computing this coefficient.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"652-673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comment on the Revised Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (RDMC). 对修订的冲突任务扩散模型（RDMC）的评论。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02574-5

Markus Janczyk, Ian Grant Mackenzie, Valentin Koob

{"title":"A comment on the Revised Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (RDMC).","authors":"Markus Janczyk, Ian Grant Mackenzie, Valentin Koob","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02574-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02574-5","url":null,"abstract":"In conflict tasks, such as the Simon, Eriksen flanker, or Stroop task, a relevant and an irrelevant feature indicate the same or different responses in congruent and incongruent trials, respectively. The congruency effect refers to faster and less error-prone responses in congruent relative to incongruent trials. Distributional analyses reveal that the congruency effect in the Simon task becomes smaller with increasing RTs, reflected by a negative-going delta function. In contrast, for other tasks, the delta function is typically positive-going, meaning that congruency effects become larger with increasing RTs. The Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (DMC; Ulrich et al., Cognitive Psychology, 78, 148-174, 2015) accounts for this by explicitly modeling the information accumulated from the relevant and the irrelevant features and attributes negatively- versus positively-sloped delta functions to different peak times of a pulse-like activation resulting from the task-irrelevant feature. Because the underlying function implies negative drift rates, Lee and Sewell (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 31(5), 1-31, 2024) recently questioned this assumption and suggested their Revised Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (RDMC). We address three issues regarding RDMC compared to DMC: (1) The pulse-like function is not as implausible as Lee and Sewell suggest. (2) RDMC itself comes with a questionable assumption that different parameters are required for congruent and incongruent trials. (3) Moreover, we present data from a new parameter recovery study, suggesting that RDMC lacks acceptable recovery of several parameters (in particular compared to DMC). In this light, we discuss RDMC as not (yet) a revised version of DMC.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"690-704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The maxispan procedure makes the phonological similarity effect disappear while increasing recall performance. maxispan 程序使语音相似性效应消失，同时提高了召回性能。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02594-1

Simon Gorin, Valérie Camos, Pierre Barrouillet

{"title":"The maxispan procedure makes the phonological similarity effect disappear while increasing recall performance.","authors":"Simon Gorin, Valérie Camos, Pierre Barrouillet","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02594-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02594-1","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the hypothesis of two maintenance mechanisms of verbal information in working memory, an articulatory loop and an attentional executive loop, Barrouillet et al. predicted and observed that facilitating the optimal use and separation of these two systems results in a strong increase in recall performance. They developed for this purpose the maxispan procedure, in which participants cumulatively rehearse aloud a limited number of the first items of the series (i.e., three or four) and keep rehearsing them until the end of the series before recall. Beyond increasing recall performance, the model also predicts that the maxispan procedure should also abolish the phonological similarity effect (PSE, the poorer recall of phonologically similar than dissimilar items) in both the rehearsed and the nonrehearsed items by permitting the perfect maintenance of the former in a nonoverloaded articulatory loop and preventing storage of phonological traces of the latter in the attentional system. However, the PSE should reappear if too many items are verbally rehearsed in the maxispan procedure. In this case, the overload of the articulatory loop should lead to offload its content into the attentional system where phonologically similar traces are prone to confusion. We tested and verified these hypotheses in two experiments.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"887-895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Printing words in alternating colors facilitates eye movements among young and older Chinese adults. 用交替的颜色印刷单词可促进中国年轻人和老年人的眼球运动。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02581-6

Jinger Pan, Aiping Wang, Mingsha Zhang, Yiu-Kei Tsang, Ming Yan

引用次数: 0