Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献_第9页

Visual attention matters during word recognition: A Bayesian modeling approach. 视觉注意力在单词识别中的作用：贝叶斯建模方法。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02591-4

Thierry Phénix, Émilie Ginestet, Sylviane Valdois, Julien Diard

{"title":"Visual attention matters during word recognition: A Bayesian modeling approach.","authors":"Thierry Phénix, Émilie Ginestet, Sylviane Valdois, Julien Diard","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02591-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02591-4","url":null,"abstract":"It is striking that visual attention, the process by which attentional resources are allocated in the visual field so as to locally enhance visual perception, is a pervasive component of models of eye movements in reading, but is seldom considered in models of isolated word recognition. We describe BRAID, a new Bayesian word-Recognition model with Attention, Interference and Dynamics. As most of its predecessors, BRAID incorporates three sensory, perceptual, and orthographic knowledge layers together with a lexical membership submodel. Its originality resides in also including three mechanisms that modulate letter identification within strings: an acuity gradient, lateral interference, and visual attention. We calibrated the model such that its temporal scale was consistent with behavioral data, and then explored the model's capacity to generalize to other, independent effects. We evaluated the model's capacity to account for the word length effect in lexical decision, for the optimal viewing position effect, and for the interaction of crowding and frequency effects in word recognition. We further examined how these effects were modulated by variations in the visual attention distribution. We show that visual attention modulates all three effects and that a narrow distribution of visual attention results in performance patterns that mimic those reported in impaired readers. Overall, the BRAID model could be conceived as a core building block, towards the development of integrated models of reading aloud and eye movement control, or of visual recognition of impaired readers, or any context in which visual attention does matter.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parameter identifiability in evidence-accumulation models: The effect of error rates on the diffusion decision model and the linear ballistic accumulator. 证据积累模型中的参数可辨识性：错误率对扩散决策模型和线性弹道累积器的影响。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02621-1

Malte Lüken, Andrew Heathcote, Julia M Haaf, Dora Matzke

{"title":"Parameter identifiability in evidence-accumulation models: The effect of error rates on the diffusion decision model and the linear ballistic accumulator.","authors":"Malte Lüken, Andrew Heathcote, Julia M Haaf, Dora Matzke","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02621-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02621-1","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of different evidence-accumulation models (EAMs) account for common response time and accuracy patterns in two-alternative forced choice tasks by assuming that subjects collect and sum information from their environment until a response threshold is reached. Estimates of model parameters mapped to components of this decision process can be used to explain the causes of observed behavior. However, such explanations are only meaningful when parameters can be identified, that is, when their values can be uniquely estimated from data generated by the model. Prior studies suggest that parameter identifiability is poor when error rates are low but have not systematically compared this issue across different EAMs. We conducted a simulation study investigating the identifiability and estimation properties of model parameters at low error rates in the two most popular EAMs: The diffusion decision model (DDM) and the linear ballistic accumulator (LBA). We found poor identifiability at low error rates for both models but less so for the DDM and for a larger number of trials. The DDM also showed better identifiability than the LBA at low trial numbers for a design with a manipulation of response caution. Based on our results, we recommend tasks with error rates between 15% and 35% for small, and between 5% and 35% for large trial numbers. We explain the identifiability problem in terms of trade-offs caused by correlations between decision-threshold and accumulation-rate parameters and discuss why the models differ in terms of their estimation properties.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nudges for people who think. 对有思想的人的鞭策。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02613-1

Aba Szollosi, Nathan Wang-Ly, Ben R Newell

引用次数: 0

Generating distant analogies increases metaphor production. 产生遥远的类比会增加隐喻的产生。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02628-8

Tim George, Andriana L Christofalos, Felix S Pambuccian

{"title":"Generating distant analogies increases metaphor production.","authors":"Tim George, Andriana L Christofalos, Felix S Pambuccian","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02628-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02628-8","url":null,"abstract":"Although a large body of work has explored the mechanisms underlying metaphor comprehension, less research has focused on spontaneous metaphor production. Previous research suggests that reasoning about analogies can induce a relational mindset, which causes a greater focus on underlying abstract similarities. We explored how inducing a relational mindset may increase the tendency to use metaphors to describe topics. Participants first solved a series of either cross-domain (i.e., far) analogies (kitten:cat::spark-?) to induce a high relational mindset or within-domain (i.e., near) analogies (kitten:cat::puppy-?) (control condition). Next, they received a series of topic descriptions containing either one feature (some jobs are confining) or three features (some jobs are confining, repetitive, and unpleasant), and were asked to provide a summary phrase of the topic. Use of metaphoric language increased when topics contained more features, and was particularly frequent in the high relational mindset condition. This finding suggests that the relational mindset induction may have shifted attention toward abstract comparisons, thereby facilitating the creative use of language involving metaphors.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memories of hand movements are tied to speech through learning. 手部动作的记忆是通过学习与语言联系在一起的。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02618-w

Daniel R Lametti, Gina L Vaillancourt, Maura A Whitman, Jeremy I Skipper

{"title":"Memories of hand movements are tied to speech through learning.","authors":"Daniel R Lametti, Gina L Vaillancourt, Maura A Whitman, Jeremy I Skipper","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02618-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02618-w","url":null,"abstract":"Hand movements frequently occur with speech. The extent to which the memories that guide co-speech hand movements are tied to the speech they occur with is unclear. Here, we paired the acquisition of a new hand movement with speech. Thirty participants adapted a ballistic hand movement of a joystick to a visuomotor rotation either in isolation or while producing a word in time with their movements. Within participants, the after-effect of adaptation (i.e., the motor memory) was examined with or without co-incident speech. After-effects were greater for hand movements produced in the context in which adaptation occurred - i.e., with or without speech. In a second experiment, 30 new participants adapted a hand movement while saying the words \"tap\" or \"hit\". After-effects were greater when hand movements occurred with the specific word produced during adaptation. The results demonstrate that memories of co-speech hand movements are partially tied to the speech they are learned with. The findings have implications for theories of sensorimotor control and our understanding of the relationship between gestures, speech and meaning.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of increasing color variety on numerosity estimation and counting. 增加颜色变化对数量估计和计数的影响。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02625-x

Qi Li, Guo Ting, Yuichiro Kikuno, Yokosawa Kazuhiko

{"title":"The influence of increasing color variety on numerosity estimation and counting.","authors":"Qi Li, Guo Ting, Yuichiro Kikuno, Yokosawa Kazuhiko","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02625-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02625-x","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has suggested that numerosity estimation and counting are closely related to distributed and focused attention, respectively (Chong & Evans, WIREs Cognitive Science, 2(6), 634-638, 2011). Given the critical role of color in guiding attention, this study investigated its effects on numerosity processing by manipulating both color variety (single color, medium variety, high variety) and spatial arrangement (clustered, random). Results from the estimation task revealed that high color variety led to a perceptual bias towards larger quantities, regardless of whether colors were clustered or randomly arranged. This implies that distributed attention may engage in a global assessment of color richness, with less emphasis on spatial arrangement. In contrast, the effect of color on counting was influenced by spatial arrangement: performance improved with clustered colors but declined with random color distribution. This indicates that color interacts with spatial information to modulate focused attention during serial numerosity processing. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the interaction between numerical cognition and attention, highlighting the need for theories and models of numerical cognition to take into account feature variety and contextual factors, such as the spatial arrangement of features. Additionally, in light of the widespread diversity in real-world environments, our findings could inform strategies to enhance behavioral adaptation to varying environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lexical integration of novel words learned through natural reading. 通过自然阅读学习新单词的词汇整合。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02626-w

Anezka Smejkalova, Fabienne Chetail

{"title":"Lexical integration of novel words learned through natural reading.","authors":"Anezka Smejkalova, Fabienne Chetail","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02626-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02626-w","url":null,"abstract":"Lexical competition between newly acquired and already established representations of written words is considered a marker of word integration into the mental lexicon. To date, studies about the emergence of lexical competition involved mostly artificial training procedures based on overexposure and explicit instructions for memorization. Yet, in real life, novel word encounters occur mostly without explicit learning intent, through reading texts with words appearing rarely. This study examined the lexical integration of words learned through text reading. In Experiment 1, two groups of participants read a short book with embedded novel words. Only one group was asked to memorize the unfamiliar words. In the semantic categorization task, we found evidence for lexical competition with slower responses to existing orthographic neighbors (e.g., hublot) of the newly learned words (e.g., hubbot) than to a set of matched items. This effect was found independently of the group 24 h after initial exposure. In addition, a facilitation pattern was observed immediately after the reading session. However, post hoc analyses suggested that the competition effect was mainly driven by the data from the group receiving explicit learning instructions. Experiment 2 aimed to replicate the findings obtained in the group without explicit learning instructions. The results revealed the same pattern, characterized by a facilitatory effect immediately after the reading session and an inhibitory effect 24 h after the exposure. Overall, these results showed that lexical competition emerged from a naturalistic reading after a delay, regardless of whether participants were asked to learn novel words or not.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The mnemonic potency of functional facts. 功能性事实的助记能力。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02617-x

Stuart Wilson

引用次数: 0

Which "working memory" are we talking about? Complex span tasks versus N-back. 我们说的是哪种“工作记忆”？复杂跨度任务和N-back任务。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02622-0

Alexander P Burgoyne, David J Frank, Brooke N Macnamara

{"title":"Which \"working memory\" are we talking about? Complex span tasks versus N-back.","authors":"Alexander P Burgoyne, David J Frank, Brooke N Macnamara","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02622-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02622-0","url":null,"abstract":"Psychologists and neuroscientists often use complex span tasks or the n-back to measure working memory capacity. At first glance, both tasks require many cognitive processes attributed to the construct, including the maintenance of information amidst interference. Nevertheless, evidence for their convergent validity is mixed. This poses consequences for the interpretation of working memory performance in cognitive neuroscience, developmental psychology, applied psychology, and executive functioning research. We recruited a large and diverse sample using a multisite approach (N = 1,272; community and university participants) and had them complete multiple working memory capacity, updating, and fluid intelligence tests. We found strong evidence for a dissociation between complex span and n-back tests, and more broadly, between working memory capacity and updating factors. Observed correlations between complex span and n-back performance were modest (r̄ = .25), and at the latent level, the two factors only shared 20% of their variance. Each explained unique variance in fluid intelligence, and each was more strongly related to fluid intelligence than to each other, with updating measures demonstrating stronger relations to fluid intelligence. These results were interpreted via the disengagement hypothesis. What distinguishes updating measures from working memory capacity measures is their relative emphasis on disengagement from outdated information; disengagement drives their strong relation with fluid intelligence because problem-solving requires generating hypotheses but also discarding those discovered to be false. We suggest that researchers who want to measure and draw conclusions about working memory capacity or updating should not use complex span tasks and the n-back interchangeably.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shifting reliance between the internal and external world: A meta-analysis on visual-working memory use. 内部和外部世界之间的依赖转移：视觉工作记忆使用的元分析。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02623-z

Tianying Qing, Christoph Strauch, Leendert Van Maanen, Stefan Van der Stigchel

{"title":"Shifting reliance between the internal and external world: A meta-analysis on visual-working memory use.","authors":"Tianying Qing, Christoph Strauch, Leendert Van Maanen, Stefan Van der Stigchel","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02623-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02623-z","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (VWM) is a fundamental cognitive capacity that allows us to temporarily hold visual information, but storage is effortful and content-fragile. Rather than loading VWM to the maximum, individuals usually rely on the external world and access information just in time. However, participants do rely on VWM more as access costs to external information increase. This phenomenon is commonly investigated with so-called copy tasks, which differ across paradigms, manipulations, and dependent variables. We here present findings of a meta-analysis into the reliability and consistency of shifts in the assumed trade-off between storing and sampling across manipulations and dependent variables, using data from 28 experiments. We found that all cost manipulations led to substantial shifts from external sampling to storage in VWM. Cost manipulations did not differ in their effect across studies even though such differences are reported within studies. All dependent variables were associated with clear but different strong effects. We argue that the differences observed between indicators are not only due to sensitivity differences but also due to differential aspects of behavior that are measured. New variables and techniques might now pave the way to understanding the trade-off between storing and sampling more in-depth. Collectively, our findings suggest that the reliance on VWM or the external world shifts consistently as access cost is increased, is largely irrespective of cost manipulations, and expresses itself reliably across dependent variables. With this work, we seek to help establish standards and comparability across this growing body of work.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0