Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献_第9页

The influence of depth on object selection and manipulation in visual working memory within a 3D context. 深度对三维背景下视觉工作记忆中物体选择和操作的影响。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02492-6

Jiehui Qian, Bingxue Fu, Ziqi Gao, Bowen Tan

{"title":"The influence of depth on object selection and manipulation in visual working memory within a 3D context.","authors":"Jiehui Qian, Bingxue Fu, Ziqi Gao, Bowen Tan","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02492-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02492-6","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have examined whether the internal selection mechanism functions similarly for perception and visual working memory (VWM). However, the process of how we access and manipulate object representations distributed in a 3D space remains unclear. In this study, we utilized a memory search task to investigate the effect of depth on object selection and manipulation within VWM. The memory display consisted of colored items half positioned at the near depth plane and the other half at the far plane. During memory maintenance, the participants were instructed to search for a target representation and update its color. The results showed that under object-based attention (Experiments 1, 3, and 5), the update time was faster for targets at the near plane than for those at the far plane. This effect was absent in VWM when deploying spatial attention (Experiment 2) and in visual search regardless of the type of attention deployed (Experiment 4). The differential effects of depth on spatial and object-based attention in VWM suggest that spatial attention primarily relied on 2D location information irrespective of depth, whereas object-based attention seemed to prioritize memory representations at the front plane before shifting to the back. Our findings shed light on the interaction between depth perception and the selection mechanisms within VWM in a 3D context, emphasizing the importance of ordinal, rather than metric, spatial information in guiding object-based attention in VWM.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2293-2304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remembering the truth or falsity of advertising claims: A preregistered model-based test of three competing theoretical accounts. 记住广告宣称的真假：对三种相互竞争的理论观点进行基于模型的预注册测试。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02482-8

Lena Nadarevic, Raoul Bell

{"title":"Remembering the truth or falsity of advertising claims: A preregistered model-based test of three competing theoretical accounts.","authors":"Lena Nadarevic, Raoul Bell","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02482-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02482-8","url":null,"abstract":"Given the large amount of information that people process daily, it is important to understand memory for the truth and falsity of information. The most prominent theoretical models in this regard are the Cartesian model and the Spinozan model. The former assumes that both \"true\" and \"false\" tags may be added to the memory representation of encoded information; the latter assumes that only falsity is tagged. In the present work, we contrasted these two models with an expectation-violation model hypothesizing that truth or falsity tags are assigned when expectations about truth or falsity must be revised in light of new information. An interesting implication of the expectation-violation model is that a context with predominantly false information leads to the tagging of truth whereas a context with predominantly true information leads to the tagging of falsity. To test the three theoretical models against each other, veracity expectations were manipulated between participants by varying the base rates of allegedly true and false advertising claims. Memory for the veracity of these claims was assessed using a model-based analysis. To increase methodological rigor and transparency in the specification of the measurement model, we preregistered, a priori, the details of the model-based analysis test. Despite a large sample size (N = 208), memory for truth and falsity did not differ, regardless of the base rates of true and false claims. The results thus support the Cartesian model and provide evidence against the Spinozan model and the expectation-violation model.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2323-2331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The left digit effect in an unbounded number line task. 无界限数列任务中的左数效应

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02486-4

Kelsey Kayton, Greg Fischer, Hilary Barth, Andrea L Patalano

{"title":"The left digit effect in an unbounded number line task.","authors":"Kelsey Kayton, Greg Fischer, Hilary Barth, Andrea L Patalano","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02486-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02486-4","url":null,"abstract":"The left digit effect in number line estimation refers to the phenomenon where numerals with similar magnitudes but different leftmost digits (e.g., 19 and 22) are estimated to be farther apart on a number line than is warranted. The effect has been studied using a bounded number line task, a task in which a line is bounded by two endpoints (e.g., 0 and 100), and where one must indicate the correct location of a target numeral on the line. The goal of the present work is to investigate the left digit effect in an unbounded number line task, a task that involves using the size of one unit to determine a target numeral's location, and that elicits strategies different from those used in the bounded number line task. In a preregistered study, participants (N = 58 college students) completed four blocks of 38 trials each of an unbounded number line task, with target numerals ranging between 0 and 100. We found a medium and statistically reliable left digit effect (d = 0.70). The study offers further evidence that the effect is not driven by response strategies specific to the bounded number line task. We discuss other possible sources of the effect including conversion of symbols to magnitudes in these and other contexts.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2313-2322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive modelling of concepts in the mental lexicon with multilayer networks: Insights, advancements, and future challenges. 利用多层网络对心理词典中的概念进行认知建模：见解、进步和未来挑战。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02473-9

Massimo Stella, Salvatore Citraro, Giulio Rossetti, Daniele Marinazzo, Yoed N Kenett, Michael S Vitevitch

{"title":"Cognitive modelling of concepts in the mental lexicon with multilayer networks: Insights, advancements, and future challenges.","authors":"Massimo Stella, Salvatore Citraro, Giulio Rossetti, Daniele Marinazzo, Yoed N Kenett, Michael S Vitevitch","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02473-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02473-9","url":null,"abstract":"The mental lexicon is a complex cognitive system representing information about the words/concepts that one knows. Over decades psychological experiments have shown that conceptual associations across multiple, interactive cognitive levels can greatly influence word acquisition, storage, and processing. How can semantic, phonological, syntactic, and other types of conceptual associations be mapped within a coherent mathematical framework to study how the mental lexicon works? Here we review cognitive multilayer networks as a promising quantitative and interpretative framework for investigating the mental lexicon. Cognitive multilayer networks can map multiple types of information at once, thus capturing how different layers of associations might co-exist within the mental lexicon and influence cognitive processing. This review starts with a gentle introduction to the structure and formalism of multilayer networks. We then discuss quantitative mechanisms of psychological phenomena that could not be observed in single-layer networks and were only unveiled by combining multiple layers of the lexicon: (i) multiplex viability highlights language kernels and facilitative effects of knowledge processing in healthy and clinical populations; (ii) multilayer community detection enables contextual meaning reconstruction depending on psycholinguistic features; (iii) layer analysis can mediate latent interactions of mediation, suppression, and facilitation for lexical access. By outlining novel quantitative perspectives where multilayer networks can shed light on cognitive knowledge representations, including in next-generation brain/mind models, we discuss key limitations and promising directions for cutting-edge future research.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"1981-2004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do moments of inattention during study cause the error-speed effect for targets in recognition-memory tasks? 学习过程中的注意力不集中是否会导致识别记忆任务中目标的错误-速度效应？

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02475-7

Anne Voormann, Constantin G Meyer-Grant, Annelie Rothe-Wulf, Karl Christoph Klauer

{"title":"Do moments of inattention during study cause the error-speed effect for targets in recognition-memory tasks?","authors":"Anne Voormann, Constantin G Meyer-Grant, Annelie Rothe-Wulf, Karl Christoph Klauer","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02475-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02475-7","url":null,"abstract":"The error-speed effect - characterized by a decreased performance in a second recognition task for stimuli that elicited fast error responses in a first recognition task - has so far been predominantly interpreted as evidence for the existence of misleading memory information. However, this neglects a possible alternative explanation, namely that the effect may instead be caused by moments of inattention during study. Here, we introduce a manipulation that allowed us to distinguish between words from the study phase that participants most certainly paid attention to and those they did not. We hypothesized that if moments of inattention cause the error-speed effect, this effect should disappear when considering only targets that verifiably received attention during study. However, our results (N = 89) suggest that this is not the case: The error-speed effect still occurs for targets that participants attended to during study and thus indeed seems to be caused by misleading memory evidence rather than by moments of inattention during study.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2180-2188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ebbinghaus, Müller-Lyer, and Ponzo: Three examples of bidirectional space-time interference. 艾宾浩斯、穆勒-莱尔和庞佐：双向时空干扰的三个例子。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02491-7

Daniel Bratzke

引用次数: 0

Quantifying resource sharing in working memory. 量化工作记忆中的资源共享

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02494-4

Julie Pougeon, Valérie Camos, Clément Belletier, Pierre Barrouillet

{"title":"Quantifying resource sharing in working memory.","authors":"Julie Pougeon, Valérie Camos, Clément Belletier, Pierre Barrouillet","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02494-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02494-4","url":null,"abstract":"Several models of working memory (WM), the cognitive system devoted to the temporary maintenance of a small amount of information in view of its treatment, assume that these two functions of storage and processing share a common and limited resource. However, the predictions issued from these models concerning this resource-sharing remain usually qualitative, and at which precise extent these functions are affected by their concurrent implementation remains undecided. The aim of the present study was to quantify this resource sharing by expressing storage and processing performance during a complex span task in terms of the proportion of the highest level of performance each participant was able to reach (i.e., their span) in each component when performed in isolation. Two experiments demonstrated that, despite substantial dual-task decrements, participants managed to preserve half or more of their best performance in both components, testifying for a remarkable robustness of the human cognitive system. The implications of these results for the main WM models are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2305-2312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can we enhance working memory? Bias and effectiveness in cognitive training studies. 我们能增强工作记忆吗？认知训练研究中的偏差和有效性

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02466-8

Jose A Rodas, Afroditi A Asimakopoulou, Ciara M Greene

{"title":"Can we enhance working memory? Bias and effectiveness in cognitive training studies.","authors":"Jose A Rodas, Afroditi A Asimakopoulou, Ciara M Greene","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02466-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02466-8","url":null,"abstract":"Meta-analyses have found that working memory (WM) can be improved with cognitive training; however, some authors have suggested that these improvements are mostly driven by biases in the measurement of WM, especially the use of similar tasks for assessment and training. In the present meta-analysis, we investigated whether WM, fluid intelligence, executive functions, and short-term memory can be improved by cognitive training and evaluated the impact of possible sources of bias. We performed a risk of bias assessment of the included studies and took special care in controlling for practice effects. Data from 52 independent comparisons were analyzed, including cognitive training aimed at different cognitive functions. Our results show small improvements in WM after training (SMD = 0.18). Much larger effects were observed when the analysis was restricted to assessment tasks similar to those used for training (SMD = 1.15). Fluid intelligence was not found to improve as a result of training, and improvements in WM were not related to changes in fluid intelligence. Our analyses did however indicate that cognitive training can improve specific executive functions. Contrary to expectations, a set of meta-regressions indicated that characteristics of the training programme, such as dosage and type of training, do not have an impact on the effectiveness of training. The risk of bias assessment revealed some concerns in the randomization process and possible selective reporting among studies. Overall, our results identified various potential sources of bias, with the most significant being the choice of assessment tasks.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"1891-1914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139747298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction or updating? Event model processes during visual narrative comprehension. 构建还是更新？视觉叙事理解过程中的事件模型过程

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02424-w

Irina R Brich, Frank Papenmeier, Markus Huff, Martin Merkt

{"title":"Construction or updating? Event model processes during visual narrative comprehension.","authors":"Irina R Brich, Frank Papenmeier, Markus Huff, Martin Merkt","doi":"10.3758/s13423-023-02424-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-023-02424-w","url":null,"abstract":"The plot of a narrative is represented in the form of event models in working memory. Because only parts of the plot are actually presented and information is continually changing, comprehenders have to infer a good portion of a narrative and keep their mental representation updated. Research has identified two related processes (e.g., Gernsbacher, 1997): During model construction (shifting, laying a foundation) at large coherence breaks an event model is completely built anew. During model updating (mapping) at smaller omissions, however, the current event model is preserved, and only changed parts are updated through inference processes. Thus far, reliably distinguishing those two processes in visual narratives like comics was difficult. We report a study (N = 80) that aimed to map the differences between constructing and updating event models in visual narratives by combining measures from narrative comprehension and event cognition research and manipulating event structure. Participants watched short visual narratives designed to (not) contain event boundaries at larger coherence breaks and elicit inferences through small omissions, while we collected viewing time measures as well as event segmentation and comprehensibility data. Viewing time, segmentation, and comprehensibility data were in line with the assumption of two distinct comprehension processes. We thus found converging evidence across multiple measures for distinct model construction and updating processes in visual narratives.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2092-2101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconciling categorization and memory via environmental statistics. 通过环境统计调和分类与记忆。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02448-2

Arjun Devraj, Thomas L Griffiths, Qiong Zhang

{"title":"Reconciling categorization and memory via environmental statistics.","authors":"Arjun Devraj, Thomas L Griffiths, Qiong Zhang","doi":"10.3758/s13423-023-02448-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-023-02448-2","url":null,"abstract":"How people represent categories and how those representations change over time is a basic question about human cognition. Previous research has demonstrated that people categorize objects by comparing them to category prototypes in early stages of learning but consider the individual exemplars within each category in later stages. However, these results do not seem consistent with findings in the memory literature showing that it becomes increasingly easier to access representations of general knowledge than representations of specific items over time. Why would one rely more on exemplar-based representations in later stages of categorization when it is more difficult to access these exemplars in memory? To reconcile these incongruities, our study proposed that previous findings on categorization are a result of human participants adapting to a specific experimental environment, in which the probability of encountering an object stays uniform over time. In a more realistic environment, however, one would be less likely to encounter the same object if a long time has passed. Confirming our hypothesis, we demonstrated that under environmental statistics identical to typical categorization experiments the advantage of exemplar-based categorization over prototype-based categorization increases over time, replicating previous research in categorization. In contrast, under realistic environmental statistics simulated by our experiments the advantage of exemplar-based categorization over prototype-based categorization decreases over time. A second set of experiments replicated our results, while additionally demonstrating that human categorization is sensitive to the category structure presented to the participants. These results provide converging evidence that human categorization adapts appropriately to environmental statistics.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"2118-2136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139747299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0