Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献_第9页

Context effects in cognitive effort evaluation. 认知努力评价中的情境效应

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02547-8

Sophie Desjardins, Rui Tang, Seffie Yip, Mathieu Roy, A Ross Otto

{"title":"Context effects in cognitive effort evaluation.","authors":"Sophie Desjardins, Rui Tang, Seffie Yip, Mathieu Roy, A Ross Otto","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02547-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02547-8","url":null,"abstract":"When given a choice, people will avoid cognitively effortful courses of action because the experience of effort is evaluated as aversive and costly. At the same time, a body of work spanning psychology, economics, and neuroscience suggests that goods, actions, and experiences are often evaluated in the context in which they are encountered, rather in absolute terms. To probe the extent to which the evaluation of cognitive effort is also context-dependent, we had participants learn associations between unique stimuli and subjective demand levels across low-demand and high-demand contexts. We probed demand preferences and subjective evaluation using a forced-choice paradigm as well by examining effort ratings, taken both on-line (during learning) and off-line (after choice). When choosing between two stimuli objectively identical in terms of demand, participants showed a clear preference for the stimulus learned in the low- versus high-demand context and rated this stimulus as more subjectively effortful than the low-demand context in on-line but not off-line ratings, suggesting an assimilation effect. Finally, we observed that the extent to which individual participants who exhibited stronger assimilation effects in off-line demand ratings were more likely to manifest an assimilation effect in demand preferences. Broadly, our findings suggest that effort evaluations occur in a context-dependent manner and are specifically assimilated to the broader context in which they occur.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generalisation to novel exemplars of learned shape categories based on visual and auditory spatial cues does not benefit from multisensory information. 对基于视觉和听觉空间线索学习到的形状类别的新范例进行泛化，并不能从多感官信息中获益。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02548-7

A O'Dowd, R J Hirst, M A Seveso, E M McKenna, F N Newell

{"title":"Generalisation to novel exemplars of learned shape categories based on visual and auditory spatial cues does not benefit from multisensory information.","authors":"A O'Dowd, R J Hirst, M A Seveso, E M McKenna, F N Newell","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02548-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02548-7","url":null,"abstract":"Although the integration of information across multiple senses can enhance object representations in memory, how multisensory information affects the formation of categories is uncertain. In particular, it is unclear to what extent categories formed from multisensory information benefit object recognition over unisensory inputs. Two experiments investigated the categorisation of novel auditory and visual objects, with categories defined by spatial similarity, and tested generalisation to novel exemplars. Participants learned to categorise exemplars based on visual-only (geometric shape), auditory-only (spatially defined soundscape) or audio-visual spatial cues. Categorisation to learned as well as novel exemplars was then tested under the same sensory learning conditions. For all learning modalities, categorisation generalised to novel exemplars. However, there was no evidence of enhanced categorisation performance for learned multisensory exemplars. At best, bimodal performance approximated that of the most accurate unimodal condition, although this was observed only for a subset of exemplars within a category. These findings provide insight into the perceptual processes involved in the formation of categories and have relevance for understanding the sensory nature of object representations underpinning these categories.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Setting the scene for boundary extension: Methods, findings, connections, and theories. 为边界扩展做好准备：方法、发现、联系和理论。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02545-w

Timothy L Hubbard

{"title":"Setting the scene for boundary extension: Methods, findings, connections, and theories.","authors":"Timothy L Hubbard","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02545-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02545-w","url":null,"abstract":"A previously viewed scene is often remembered as containing a larger extent of the background than was actually present, and information that was likely present just outside the boundaries of that view is often incorporated into the representation of that scene. This has been referred to as boundary extension. Methodologies used in studies on boundary extension (terminology, stimulus presentation, response measures) are described. Empirical findings regarding effects of characteristics of the stimulus (whether the stimulus depicts a scene, semantics of the scene, view angle, object size, object cropping, object orientation, object color, number of objects, depth of field, object distance, viewpoint production, scene orientation, motion, faces, emotions, modality, whether the scene is multimodal), characteristics of the display (aperture shape, aperture size, target duration, retention interval), and characteristics of the observer (allocation of attention, imagination, age, expectations and strategies, eye fixation, eye movements, monocular or binocular view, vantage point, confinement, prior exposure, expertise, arousal, pathology) on boundary extension are reviewed. Connections of boundary extension to other cognitive phenomena and processes (evolutionary adaptation, Gestalt principles, illusions, psychophysics, invariant physical principles, aesthetics, temporal boundary extension, normalization) are noted, and theories and theoretical considerations regarding boundary extension (multisource model, boundary transformation, mental imagery, 4E cognition, cognitive modularity, neurological mechanisms of scene representation) are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Removing information from working memory with a delay: Effective but not beneficial. 延迟从工作记忆中删除信息：有效但无益

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02550-z

Hannah Dames, Chenyu Li, Gidon T Frischkorn, Klaus Oberauer

{"title":"Removing information from working memory with a delay: Effective but not beneficial.","authors":"Hannah Dames, Chenyu Li, Gidon T Frischkorn, Klaus Oberauer","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02550-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02550-z","url":null,"abstract":"Ideally, removing outdated information from working memory (WM) should have two consequences: The removed content should be less accessible (removal costs), and other WM content should benefit from the freeing up of WM capacity (removal benefits). Robust removal benefits and removal costs have been demonstrated when people are told to forget items shortly after they were encoded (immediate removal). However, other studies suggest that people might be unable to selectively remove items from an already encoded set of items (delayed removal). In two experiments (n = 219; n = 241), we investigated the effectiveness and consequences of delayed removal by combining a modified version of Ecker's et al. (Journal of Memory and Language, 74, 77-90, 2014) letter updating task with a directed-forgetting in WM paradigm. We found that while delayed removal resulted in reduced memory for the to-be-forgotten item-location relations (removal costs), it failed to enhance performance for existing WM content. This contrasts sharply with immediate removal, where removal benefits can be observed. A fine-grained analysis of removal benefits shows that removal from WM proactively facilitates the subsequent encoding of new information but does not retroactively aid stored WM content.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chinese readers utilize emotion information for word segmentation. 中文读者利用情感信息进行分词。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02436-6

Linjieqiong Huang, Xiangyang Zhang, Xingshan Li

{"title":"Chinese readers utilize emotion information for word segmentation.","authors":"Linjieqiong Huang, Xiangyang Zhang, Xingshan Li","doi":"10.3758/s13423-023-02436-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-023-02436-6","url":null,"abstract":"We reported a large-scale Internet-based experiment to investigate the impact of emotion information on Chinese word segmentation, in which participants completed an overlapping ambiguous string (OAS) segmentation task and the Chinese version of Beck Depression Inventory-II in a counterbalanced order. OAS is a three-character string (ABC) in which the middle character can form a distinct word with both the character on its left side (word AB) and the character on its right side (word BC). Participants were presented with isolated OASs and were asked to report the word they identified first. Emotional OAS was constructed by a combination of a neutral word and an emotional word, with the neutral and emotional words sharing character B. We orthogonally manipulated the valence of the emotional words (positive vs. negative) and their position in the OAS (left-side vs. right-side). The results showed that compared with neutral words, both positive and negative words were more likely to be segmented, and this segmentation outcome was not affected by readers with different depression tendencies. These findings suggest that emotion information can influence word segmentation, and that both positive and negative words take precedence over neutral words in the word segmentation process. This study provides a new perspective and evidence to understand the impact of emotion information on word processing.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138885977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valence and concreteness in item recognition: Evidence against the affective embodiment account. 项目识别中的价值和具体性：反对情感体现说的证据。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02442-8

Tamra J Bireta, Dominic Guitard, Ian Neath, Aimée M Surprenant

{"title":"Valence and concreteness in item recognition: Evidence against the affective embodiment account.","authors":"Tamra J Bireta, Dominic Guitard, Ian Neath, Aimée M Surprenant","doi":"10.3758/s13423-023-02442-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-023-02442-8","url":null,"abstract":"The Affective Embodiment Account posits that sensorimotor interactions play an important role in learning and processing concrete words whereas experiences from emotional states play an important role in learning and processing abstract words. Because of this, there should be greater enhancement of valence for abstract than for concrete words and therefore there should be an interaction between valence and concreteness. Although this prediction has been observed in a number of tasks, very few studies have looked specifically at memory. Three experiments are reported that assess whether valence interacts with concreteness in recognition. In Experiment 1, recognition of concrete words was better than abstract, but there was no difference as a function of whether the words were positive or negative and there was no interaction. Experiment 2 compared positive and neutral words and Experiment 3 compared negative and neutral words; in both, there was a concreteness effect but no effect of valence and no interaction. These results replicate previous findings that when positive and negative words are equated more fully, valence has no effect on recognition, and also suggest a limit on the scope of the Affective Embodiment Account.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-training flexibility in category learning. 培训后类别学习的灵活性。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02451-7

Lee-Xieng Yang, Po-An Chiang

{"title":"Post-training flexibility in category learning.","authors":"Lee-Xieng Yang, Po-An Chiang","doi":"10.3758/s13423-023-02451-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-023-02451-7","url":null,"abstract":"Exemplar models of categorization, which assume that people make classification decisions based on item information stored in memory, typically assume that all of the exemplars are available and inform decision-making. However, in this study, we hypothesized that people may selectively emphasize subsets of exemplars, giving rise to individual differences in categorization. To verify this hypothesis, we adopted the partial-XOR category structure in Conaway and Kurtz (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24, 1312-1323 2017), which has been evident to be able to induce two major response patterns in the transfer phase: the Proximity and XOR patterns. \"Experiment 1\" confirmed that these two patterns could be generated if participants were trained with only the exemplars of one category or the other. In \"Experiment 2\", participants were asked to not only learn the category labels of all exemplars but also memorize the exemplars of only Category A (Condition A), only Category B (Condition B), or two categories (Condition AB) for a recognition test after the training phase of the categorization task. As expected, in the transfer phase, the participants tended to perform the XOR and Proximity patterns, when the exemplars of Category A and Category B were respectively targeted for the recognition test. The parameters of the SDGCM estimated by Bayesian inference for modeling the data of \"Experiment 2\" showed that the exemplar accessibility of Category A was larger than that of Category B for performing the XOR pattern and vice versa for performing the proximity pattern, hence verifying our hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing in crowds: Averaging first, then max. 在人群中观察：先平均，后最大。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02468-6

Xincheng Lu, Ruijie Jiang, Meng Song, Yiting Wu, Yiran Ge, Nihong Chen

引用次数: 0

Object-based attention requires monocular visual pathways. 基于物体的注意力需要单眼视觉通路。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02467-7

N Strommer, S Al-Janabi, A S Greenberg, S Gabay

{"title":"Object-based attention requires monocular visual pathways.","authors":"N Strommer, S Al-Janabi, A S Greenberg, S Gabay","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02467-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02467-7","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanisms of object-based attention (OBA) are commonly associated with the cerebral cortex. However, less is known about the involvement of subcortical visual pathways in these processes. Knowledge of the neural mechanisms subserving OBA can provide insight into the evolutionary trajectory of attentional selection. In the current study, the classic double-rectangle cueing task was implemented using a stereoscope in order to differentiate between the involvement of lower (monocular) and higher (binocular) visual pathways in OBA processes. We found that monocular visual pathways are involved in two main aspects of OBA: exogenous orienting towards a cued object (Experiment 1; N =33) and attentional deployment within a cued object (Experiment 2; N =23); this is evident by the presence of OBA only when both the cue and target were presented to the same eye. Thus, these results indicate that monocular (mostly subcortical) visual regions are not simply passing information to higher cortical areas but have a functional computational role in OBA. These findings emphasize the importance of lower regions in attentional processes and, more specifically, in OBA.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Episodic-semantic linkage for $1000: New semantic knowledge is more strongly coupled with episodic memory in trivia experts. 1000美元的外显-语义联系：琐事专家的新语义知识与外显记忆的结合更紧密。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02469-5

Monica K Thieu, Lauren J Wilkins, Mariam Aly

引用次数: 0