Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献

{"title":"Sometimes memory misleads: Variants of the error-speed effect strengthen the evidence for systematically misleading memory signals in recognition memory.","authors":"Anne Voormann, Annelie Rothe-Wulf, Constantin G Meyer-Grant, Karl Christoph Klauer","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02534-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02534-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The error-speed effect describes the observation that the speed of recognition errors in a first binary recognition task predicts the response accuracy in a subsequent two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task that comprises the erroneously judged items of the first task. So far, the effect has been primarily explained by the assumption that some error responses result from misleading memory evidence. However, it is also possible that the effect arises because participants remember and use their response times from the binary task to solve the 2AFC task. Furthermore, the phenomenon is quite new and its robustness or generalizability across other recognition tasks (e.g., a confidence-rating task) remains to be demonstrated. The aim of the present study is to address these limitations by introducing a new variant of the error-speed effect, replacing the 2AFC task with a confidence-rating task (Experiment 1), and by reversing task order (Experiment 2) to test whether participants employ a response-time strategy. In both experiments, we collected data using a sequential probability ratio t-test procedure and found evidence in favor of the hypothesis that the speed of binary recognition errors predicts confidence ratings for the same stimulus. These results attest to the robustness and generalizability of the error-speed effect and reveal that at least some errors must be due to systematically misleading memory evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"294-305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What we mean when we say semantic: Toward a multidisciplinary semantic glossary.","authors":"Jamie Reilly, Cory Shain, Valentina Borghesani, Philipp Kuhnke, Gabriella Vigliocco, Jonathan E Peelle, Bradford Z Mahon, Laurel J Buxbaum, Asifa Majid, Marc Brysbaert, Anna M Borghi, Simon De Deyne, Guy Dove, Liuba Papeo, Penny M Pexman, David Poeppel, Gary Lupyan, Paulo Boggio, Gregory Hickok, Laura Gwilliams, Leonardo Fernandino, Daniel Mirman, Evangelia G Chrysikou, Chaleece W Sandberg, Sebastian J Crutch, Liina Pylkkänen, Eiling Yee, Rebecca L Jackson, Jennifer M Rodd, Marina Bedny, Louise Connell, Markus Kiefer, David Kemmerer, Greig de Zubicaray, Elizabeth Jefferies, Dermot Lynott, Cynthia S Q Siew, Rutvik H Desai, Ken McRae, Michele T Diaz, Marianna Bolognesi, Evelina Fedorenko, Swathi Kiran, Maria Montefinese, Jeffrey R Binder, Melvin J Yap, Gesa Hartwigsen, Jessica Cantlon, Yanchao Bi, Paul Hoffman, Frank E Garcea, David Vinson","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02556-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02556-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tulving characterized semantic memory as a vast repository of meaning that underlies language and many other cognitive processes. This perspective on lexical and conceptual knowledge galvanized a new era of research undertaken by numerous fields, each with their own idiosyncratic methods and terminology. For example, \"concept\" has different meanings in philosophy, linguistics, and psychology. As such, many fundamental constructs used to delineate semantic theories remain underspecified and/or opaque. Weak construct specificity is among the leading causes of the replication crisis now facing psychology and related fields. Term ambiguity hinders cross-disciplinary communication, falsifiability, and incremental theory-building. Numerous cognitive subdisciplines (e.g., vision, affective neuroscience) have recently addressed these limitations via the development of consensus-based guidelines and definitions. The project to follow represents our effort to produce a multidisciplinary semantic glossary consisting of succinct definitions, background, principled dissenting views, ratings of agreement, and subjective confidence for 17 target constructs (e.g., abstractness, abstraction, concreteness, concept, embodied cognition, event semantics, lexical-semantic, modality, representation, semantic control, semantic feature, simulation, semantic distance, semantic dimension). We discuss potential benefits and pitfalls (e.g., implicit bias, prescriptiveness) of these efforts to specify a common nomenclature that other researchers might index in specifying their own theoretical perspectives (e.g., They said X, but I mean Y).</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"243-280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher order affordances.","authors":"Thomas A Stoffregen, Jeffrey B Wagman","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02535-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02535-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Affordances are opportunities for action for a given animal (or animals) in a given environment or situation. The concept of affordance has been widely adopted in the behavioral sciences, but important questions remain. We propose a new way of understanding the nature of affordances; in particular, how affordances are related to one another. We claim that many - perhaps most - affordances emerge from non-additive relations among other affordances, such that some affordances are of higher order relative to other affordances. That is, we propose that affordances form a continuous category of perceiveables that differ only in whether and how they relate to other affordances. We argue that: (1) opportunities for behaviors of all kinds can be described as affordances, (2) some affordances emerge from relations between animal and environment, whereas most affordances emerge from relations between other affordances, and (3) all affordances lawfully structure ambient energy arrays and, therefore, can be perceived directly. Our concept of higher order affordances provides a general account of behavioral phenomena that traditionally have been interpreted in terms of cognitive processes (e.g., remembering or imagining) as well as behavioral phenomena that have traditionally been interpreted in terms of cultural rules, such as conventions, or customs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Don't Give-Up: Why some intervention schemes encourage suboptimal behavior.","authors":"Doron Cohen, Yael Shavit, Kinneret Teodorescu","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02537-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02537-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many social challenges stem from individuals' tendency to prefer immediately rewarding but suboptimal behaviors (\"Give-Up\" options) over more costly endeavors that yield much better outcomes in the long run (\"Try\" options). For example, many people forgo the long-term benefits of formal education, healthy diets, learning new technologies, and even finding true love. This paper examines various incentivization programs that combine external rewards and punishments to discourage such counterproductive behaviors, which often result in only temporary behavioral change. Our findings suggest that some interventions' limited impact may be due to their focus on only shifting behaviors from \"Give-Up\" (e.g., dropping out of college, avoiding the gym) to \"Try\" (e.g., attending college, exercising regularly), without promoting sufficient exploration of these \"Try\" options. Yet exploration of the long-term benefits of \"Trying\" may be crucial to increase the chances of long-term learning and commitment. Using a simplified abstraction of this dilemma, our results show a high tendency to choose \"Give-Up\" options prior to intervention. Examination of four different incentivization strategies suggests that only rewarding exploration of new \"Try\" options is a straightforward strategy to increase exploration and optimal choice. Punishing both the selection of \"Give-Up\" options and the choice to exploit suboptimal \"Try\" options produced similar results. Other common guidance strategies were less effective, as these strategies simply tended to replace one suboptimal behavior with another. Surprisingly, punishments seemed to be a relatively more successful incentive than rewards. We discuss how these insights can help guide policy aiming to improve long-term outcomes through incentivization.</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"363-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensorimotor adaptation impedes perturbation detection in grasping.","authors":"Carl Müller, Alexandra Bendixen, Karl Kopiske","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02543-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02543-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans achieve skilled actions by continuously correcting for motor errors or perceptual misjudgments, a process called sensorimotor adaptation. This can occur with the actor both detecting (explicitly) and not detecting the error (implicitly). We investigated how the magnitude of a perturbation and the corresponding error signal each contribute to the detection of a size perturbation during interaction with real-world objects. Participants grasped cuboids of different lengths in a mirror-setup allowing us to present different sizes for seen and felt cuboids, respectively. Visuo-haptic size mismatches (perturbations) were introduced either abruptly or followed a sinusoidal schedule. These schedules dissociated the error signal from the visuo-haptic mismatch: Participants could fully adapt their grip and reduce the error when a perturbation was introduced abruptly and then stayed the same, but not with a constantly changing sinusoidal perturbation. We compared participants' performance in a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task where participants judged these mismatches, and modelled error-correction in grasping movements by looking at changes in maximum grip apertures, measured using motion tracking. We found similar mismatch-detection performance with sinusoidal perturbation schedules and the first trial after an abrupt change, but decreasing performance over further trials for the latter. This is consistent with the idea that reduced error signals following adaptation make it harder to detect perturbations. Error-correction parameters indicated stronger error-correction in abruptly introduced perturbations. However, we saw no correlation between error-correction and overall mismatch-detection performance. This emphasizes the distinct contributions of the perturbation magnitude and the error signal in helping participants detect sensory perturbations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"373-386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation (not production) improves the fidelity of visual representations in picture naming.","authors":"Jedidiah W Whitridge, Chris A Clark, Kathleen L Hourihan, Jonathan M Fawcett","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02566-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02566-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production effect refers to the finding that participants better remember items read aloud than items read silently. This pattern has been attributed to aloud items being relatively more distinctive in memory than silent items, owing to the integration of additional sensorimotor features within the encoding episode that are thought to facilitate performance at test. Other theorists have instead argued that producing an item encourages additional forms of processing not limited to production itself. We tested this hypothesis using a modified production task where participants named monochromatic line drawings aloud or silently either by generating the names themselves (no label condition) or reading a provided label (label condition). During a later test, participants were presented with each line drawing a second time and required to reproduce the original color and location using a continuous slider. Production was found to improve memory for visual features, but only when participants were required to generate the label themselves. Our findings support the notion that picture naming improves memory for visual features; however, this benefit appears to be driven by factors related to response generation rather than production itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"482-491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting the prime in priming: Using prime processing behavior to predict target structural processing.","authors":"Kristen M Tooley, Laurel Brehm","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02643-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02643-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structural priming effects are widespread and heavily relied upon to assess structural representation and processing. Whether these effects are caused by error-driven implicit learning, residual activation, a combination of these, or some other learning mechanism remains to be established. The current study used preexisting data and a novel data analysis approach that links processing at the prime to later processing at the target to better understand the nature of structural priming. This novel analytic approach was applied to total reading times from a previously published structural priming study in comprehension, which provided processing measures of the structurally critical regions of prime reduced-relative clause sentences. These were then used as predictors in a series of hierarchical linear models where analogous processing measures at the target sentence regions served as outcome variables. Separate sets of models were run for prime-target pairs that had the same structure (i.e., abstract priming) and those that had the same structure and initial verb (i.e., a lexical boost). Prime-to-target processing relationships were observed for both types of prime-target pairs, but showed very different patterns. This provides support for the claim that abstract priming effects and the lexical boost are caused by different mechanisms. Additionally, the observed effects were positive and so do not support the error-driven learning prediction that processing difficulty at the prime should lead to greater facilitation at the target. Overall, this novel method provides a new tool for investigating structural priming and processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noisy-channel language comprehension in aphasia: A Bayesian mixture modeling approach.","authors":"Rachel Ryskin, Edward Gibson, Swathi Kiran","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02639-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02639-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with \"agrammatic\" receptive aphasia have long been known to rely on semantic plausibility rather than syntactic cues when interpreting sentences. In contrast to early interpretations of this pattern as indicative of a deficit in syntactic knowledge, a recent proposal views agrammatic comprehension as a case of \"noisy-channel\" language processing with an increased expectation of noise in the input relative to healthy adults. Here, we investigate the nature of the noise model in aphasia and whether it is adapted to the statistics of the environment. We first replicate findings that a) healthy adults (N = 40) make inferences about the intended meaning of a sentence by weighing the prior probability of an intended sentence against the likelihood of a noise corruption and b) their estimate of the probability of noise increases when there are more errors in the input (manipulated via exposure sentences). We then extend prior findings that adults with chronic post-stroke aphasia (N = 28) and healthy age-matched adults (N = 19) similarly engage in noisy-channel inference during comprehension. We use a hierarchical latent mixture modeling approach to account for the fact that rates of guessing are likely to differ between healthy controls and individuals with aphasia and capture individual differences in the tendency to make inferences. We show that individuals with aphasia are more likely than healthy controls to draw noisy-channel inferences when interpreting semantically implausible sentences, even when group differences in the tendency to guess are accounted for. While healthy adults rapidly adapt their inference rates to an increase in noise in their input, whether individuals with aphasia do the same remains equivocal. Further investigation of comprehension through a noisy-channel lens holds promise for a parsimonious understanding of language processing in aphasia and may suggest potential avenues for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking time: Auditory statistical learning benefits from distributed exposure.","authors":"Jasper de Waard, Jan Theeuwes, Louisa Bogaerts","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02634-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02634-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an auditory statistical learning paradigm, listeners learn to partition a continuous stream of syllables by discovering the repeating syllable patterns that constitute the speech stream. Here, we ask whether auditory statistical learning benefits from spaced exposure compared with massed exposure. In a longitudinal online study on Prolific, we exposed 100 participants to the regularities in a spaced way (i.e., with exposure blocks spread out over 3 days) and another 100 in a massed way (i.e., with all exposure blocks lumped together on a single day). In the exposure phase, participants listened to streams composed of pairs while responding to a target syllable. The spaced and massed groups exhibited equal learning during exposure, as indicated by a comparable response-time advantage for predictable target syllables. However, in terms of resulting long-term knowledge, we observed a benefit from spaced exposure. Following a 2-week delay period, we tested participants' knowledge of the pairs in a forced-choice test. While both groups performed above chance, the spaced group had higher accuracy. Our findings speak to the importance of the timing of exposure to structured input and also for statistical learning outside of the laboratory (e.g., in language development), and imply that current investigations of auditory statistical learning likely underestimate human statistical learning abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of relative word-length on effects of non-adjacent word transpositions.","authors":"Yun Wen, Jonathan Grainger","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02637-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02637-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent study (Wen et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 50: 934-941, 2024) found no influence of relative word-length on transposed-word effects. However, following the tradition of prior research on effects of transposed words during sentence reading, the transposed words in that study were adjacent words (words at positions 2 and 3 or 3 and 4 in five-word sequences). We surmised that the absence of an influence of relative word-length might be due to word identification being too precise when the two words are located close to eye-fixation location, hence cancelling the impact of more approximate indices of word identity such as word length. We therefore hypothesized that relative word-length might impact on transposed-word effects when the transposition involves non-adjacent words. The present study put this hypothesis to test and found that relative word-length does modify the size of transposed-word effects with non-adjacent transpositions. Transposed-word effects are greater when the transposed words have the same length. Furthermore, a cross-study analysis confirmed that transposed-word effects are greater for adjacent than for non-adjacent transpositions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}