Better generalization through distraction? Concurrent load reduces the size of the inverse base-rate effect.

IF 3.2 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Lenard Dome, Andy J Wills
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The inverse base-rate effect (IBRE) is an irrational phenomenon in predictive learning. It occurs when people try to generalize what they have experienced to novel and ambiguous events. This irrational generalization manifests as a preference for rare, unlikely outcomes in the face of ambiguity. At least two formal mathematical models of this irrational preference (EXIT, NNRAS) lead to a counter-intuitive prediction: the effect reduces under concurrent load. We tested this prediction across two experiments ( N 1 = 72, M age = 20.12; N 2 = 160, M age = 20.88). We confirm the prediction, but only when participants were under an obvious time constraint. This empirical confirmation is as surprising as the prediction itself-irrationality reduces under increased task demands. Further, our data are more consistent with the NNRAS model than with EXIT, the most prominent model of the IBRE to date.

通过分散注意力更好地概括?并发负载减少了反向基本速率效应的大小。
逆基础率效应(IBRE)是预测学习中的一种非理性现象。当人们试图将他们所经历的概括为新奇和模糊的事件时,就会发生这种情况。这种非理性的概括表现为在面对模糊性时偏爱罕见的、不太可能的结果。至少有两个关于这种非理性偏好的正式数学模型(EXIT, NNRAS)得出了一个反直觉的预测:在并发负载下,这种效应会降低。我们通过两个实验验证了这一预测(N 1 = 72, M年龄= 20.12;N 2 = 160, M年龄= 20.88)。我们证实了这一预测,但只有当参与者受到明显的时间限制时。这一实证证实和预测本身一样令人惊讶——在任务需求增加的情况下,非理性会减少。此外,我们的数据与NNRAS模型比EXIT模型更一致,EXIT模型是IBRE迄今为止最突出的模型。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
2.90%
发文量
165
期刊介绍: The journal provides coverage spanning a broad spectrum of topics in all areas of experimental psychology. The journal is primarily dedicated to the publication of theory and review articles and brief reports of outstanding experimental work. Areas of coverage include cognitive psychology broadly construed, including but not limited to action, perception, & attention, language, learning & memory, reasoning & decision making, and social cognition. We welcome submissions that approach these issues from a variety of perspectives such as behavioral measurements, comparative psychology, development, evolutionary psychology, genetics, neuroscience, and quantitative/computational modeling. We particularly encourage integrative research that crosses traditional content and methodological boundaries.
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