Linguistic properties of memory expression differentially relate to accuracy, specificity, and perceived veracity.

IF 3.2 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Steven A Martinez, Kate Cliver, William J Mitchell, Helen Schmidt, Virginia Ulichney, Chelsea Helion, Jason Chein, Vishnu Murty
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Abstract

When communicating our memories to others, we use specific language to represent and express those memories. However, whether the linguistic properties associated with memory expression, such as communication styles, relate to memory accuracy and specificity, and how threat affects these relationships, is unclear. Further, whether communication styles influence how others perceive memories is unknown. In Experiment 1, participants (n = 55) recalled a visit to an in-person haunted house, which included low- and high-threat segments. We examined how two distinct features of memory, episodic specificity and temporal-order accuracy, related to linguistic markers of genuineness (i.e., Authenticity) and formality (i.e., Analytical Thinking) during free recall. Results revealed that Authenticity and Analytical Thinking were both elevated when recalling high- versus low-threat memories. However, memory communication styles related to episodic specificity and temporal-order accuracy differentially. Increased recollection of episodic details was negatively related to Authenticity, but positively related to Analytical Thinking. Temporal-order accuracy was positively related to Authenticity, but unrelated to Analytical Thinking. In Experiment 2, naïve readers (n = 499) read pairs of haunted-house recollections given by participants in Experiment 1 and indicated which memory they perceived as more accurate. Results showed that greater Analytical Thinking and greater episodic specificity during free recall increased perceptions of accuracy; whereas Authenticity during free recall and temporal-order memory did not influence perceptions of accuracy. Together, these findings highlight the relationship between communication styles and distinct features of memory, and how memory expression can influence others' perceptions of communicated memories.

记忆表达的语言特性与准确性、特异性和感知的真实性有着不同的关系。
当我们与他人交流我们的记忆时,我们使用特定的语言来代表和表达这些记忆。然而,与记忆表达相关的语言特性(如沟通方式)是否与记忆的准确性和特异性有关,以及威胁如何影响这些关系,目前尚不清楚。此外,沟通方式是否会影响他人对记忆的感知还不得而知。在实验1中,参与者(n = 55)回忆了一次亲自去鬼屋的经历,其中包括低威胁和高威胁的部分。我们研究了记忆的两个不同特征,情景特异性和时间顺序准确性,在自由回忆过程中与真实性(即真实性)和形式性(即分析性思维)的语言标记之间的关系。结果显示,在回忆高威胁记忆和低威胁记忆时,真实性和分析性思维都得到了提升。然而,记忆沟通方式与情景特异性和时间顺序准确性的关系存在差异。情节细节回忆的增加与真实性呈负相关,但与分析性思维呈正相关。时间顺序准确性与真实性正相关,但与分析性思维无关。在实验2中,naïve读者(n = 499)阅读了实验1中参与者提供的成对的鬼屋回忆,并指出他们认为哪一种记忆更准确。结果表明,在自由回忆过程中,更强的分析性思维和更强的情景特异性提高了对准确性的感知;而自由回忆和时间顺序记忆中的真实性不影响对准确性的感知。总之,这些发现强调了沟通方式和记忆的不同特征之间的关系,以及记忆表达如何影响他人对沟通记忆的看法。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
2.90%
发文量
165
期刊介绍: The journal provides coverage spanning a broad spectrum of topics in all areas of experimental psychology. The journal is primarily dedicated to the publication of theory and review articles and brief reports of outstanding experimental work. Areas of coverage include cognitive psychology broadly construed, including but not limited to action, perception, & attention, language, learning & memory, reasoning & decision making, and social cognition. We welcome submissions that approach these issues from a variety of perspectives such as behavioral measurements, comparative psychology, development, evolutionary psychology, genetics, neuroscience, and quantitative/computational modeling. We particularly encourage integrative research that crosses traditional content and methodological boundaries.
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