Behavioral and Brain Functions最新文献

{"title":"Vicarious defeat stress (VDS) is not a simple substitute for chronic social defeat stress (CSDS): a comparative study on behavioral and molecular mechanisms in both stress-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.","authors":"Xin-Ran Sun, Yu-Xin Chen, Xiang-Jun-Lin Zhang, Ning Jiang, Xin-Min Liu, Qi Chang, Rui-Le Pan","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00360-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00360-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social stress is a fundamental environmental factor driving the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and vicarious defeat stress (VDS) are two widely used social stress paradigms, with VDS initially proposed as an alternative to CSDS. The present study integrated behavioral phenotypes, hippocampal proteomics, synaptic morphology, energy metabolism, neurotransmitter and tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) metabolism, and inflammatory indicators to directly compare responses in adult male mice subjected to CSDS and VDS. Both CSDS and VDS mice showed significant social avoidance, reduced open-arm exploration in the elevated plus maze, prolonged feeding latency in the novelty-suppressed feeding test, and increased immobility in the tail suspension test. Meanwhile, reduced center-zone activity in the open field test, fewer transitions and shorter light-compartment time in the light/dark box test, and lower sucrose preference were observed only in CSDS mice. These findings indicate that CSDS produced more extensive and severe behavioral abnormalities. Hippocampal label-free quantitative proteomics identified 38 and 32 differentially expressed proteins in CSDS and VDS mice, respectively, with 11 shared between the two paradigms. Both paradigms caused ATP depletion, increased pro-inflammatory factors, elevated α-synuclein (α-Syn), and decreased postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), with CSDS showing more severe changes. CSDS also upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) while suppressing transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), whereas VDS increased IL-10 without significantly affecting iNOS or TGF-β. In TRP-KYN metabolism, CSDS increased 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid (QA) while decreasing kynurenic acid (KA), whereas VDS did not significantly affect these downstream metabolites. Regarding neurotransmitters, CSDS reduced dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and glutamate (Glu), while VDS decreased NE and DA and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Additionally, lactate was significantly increased in VDS mice, whereas CSDS mice showed a non-significant numerical decrease in hippocampal lactate. Collectively, VDS is a distinct stressor rather than a simple substitute for CSDS and has a milder overall impact than CSDS. This study provides guidance for selecting stress models that better align with specific biological questions in preclinical research on anxiety and depression disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Disruption of circadian rhythms and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster induced by Epstein-Barr virus: insights into viral infections and host physiology.","authors":"Georges Naim, Sabah Znait, Nour Sherri, Elias A Rahal, Margret Shirinian","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00364-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00364-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148904524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in hippocampal calcineurin protein levels are associated with the impairing effects of nandrolone on dorsal and ventral hippocampus-dependent memory in rats.","authors":"Romina Salmani, Samad Alimohammadi, Fatemeh Zarei, Namdar Yousofvand, Farshad Moradpour","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00363-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00363-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nandrolone decanoate (ND) exposure has been associated with impairments in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, potentially involving alterations in intracellular calcium signaling and Calcineurin protein expression. Given the distinct functional contributions of the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) to cognitive and emotional processes, this study investigated whether ND-induced behavioral changes are associated with alterations in Calcineurin protein levels in these hippocampal subregions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-seven male rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 9 per group) and received intraperitoneal injections of ND (5 or 15 mg/kg) or sesame oil as the vehicle control every third day for 22 days. Behavioral assessments included the Morris water maze (MWM) for spatial learning and memory, the open field test (OFT) for locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior, and the passive avoidance test (PAT) for aversive memory. Following completion of behavioral testing, the animals were deeply anesthetized, and the brains were removed. The hippocampus was dissected from the right hemisphere and further separated into dorsal and ventral regions according to standard stereotaxic coordinates relative to Bregma. Tissue samples were homogenized, and Calcineurin protein levels in the dHPC and vHPC were quantified using a commercial ELISA kit according to the manufacturer's instructions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ND administration impaired both spatial and avoidance memory and was associated with increased Calcineurin protein levels in the dHPC and vHPC. These findings suggest an association between increased Calcineurin protein levels and Nandrolone-induced cognitive deficits in both hippocampal subregions. Additionally, Nandrolone did not significantly alter locomotor activity but reduced anxiety-like behavior in rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that ND-associated learning and memory impairments are accompanied by alterations in Calcineurin protein levels in both the dHPC and vHPC. The region-dependent effects of ND on Calcineurin may contribute to the differential vulnerability of hippocampal subregions to ND exposure and provide further insight into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The journey of numbers from attention to motor processing: an embodied account of neural response to number magnitudes.","authors":"Saied Sabaghypour, Farhad Farkhondeh Tale Navi, Martin H Fischer, Parvin Amini Yeganeh, Mohammad Ali Nazari, Mojtaba Soltanlou","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00361-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00361-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Embodied cognition suggests numbers are linked to physical actions and sensory experiences. Additionally, sensory processing, thoughts or actions are modulated by attentional shifts/control. This study investigates how learned motor associations in individuals (finger-counting habits) shape brain responses to digit symbols. We examined how covert attention to motor associations influences neural responses during passive viewing of symbolic numbers, using event-related potentials (ERPs) and time-frequency analysis. We examined whether the P2 component, linked to attentional processing, correlates with motor habits and alpha wave activity. Results showed stronger P2 component when number-hand associations aligned, with no significant alpha wave changes was observed. Right-starters exhibited enhanced attention and number processing, with higher P3 amplitudes and faster responses for all digits. Taken together, these findings provide preliminary support for the idea that attention to learned motor associations may influence neural responses to numerical information. We discuss these findings within our proposed theoretical framework termed Feature-based Attention to Learned Motor (FALM) processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13721265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149294403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of BDNF, CREB, DAT, GFAP and Arc in manic- and OCD-like behavioral phenotypes in both sexes of rats exposed to REM sleep deprivation.","authors":"Salar Vaseghi, Shilan Baghaeikia, Tabassom Keyvani, Golbahar Lotfi, Marzieh Jalalian-Javadpour, Mahshid Ebrahimnejad","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00359-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00359-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid-eye movement sleep deprivation (REM SD) has controversial effects on behavioral functions and cognitive abilities. Recent evidence has shown that REM SD in rats may lead to manic- and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-like behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the effect of REM SD in both sexes of rats on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, stereotyped behaviors, and OCD-like behavior. The possible role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding (CREB), dopamine transporter (DAT), glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) was also assessed using real-time PCR. REM SD was done for 14 days (6 h/d). Locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, grooming, and sniffing were measured using the open field test, and the marble burying test measured repetitive/compulsive-like responses. The results showed REM SD in both sexes led to hyperlocomotion, decreased anxiety, and increased OCD-like and stereotyped behaviors, with more effects in females except anxiety-like behavior. Also, the expression level of BDNF, CREB, DAT, and Arc was decreased and GFAP was increased in the hippocampus of both sexes of REM SD rats, with more effects in females except CREB. In conclusion, and for the first time, the present study showed the possible role of Arc, DAT, and GFAP in the induction of OCD- and manic-like behaviors and stereotyped behaviors in both sexes of rats. We also observed reduced BDNF and CREB expression in REM SD animals, suggesting a potential association between these molecular alterations and the behavioral changes induced by REM SD. Interventions targeting these molecular pathways could offer promising therapeutic strategies for REM SD-induced mood disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13715182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of astrocytes in the temporoammonic pathway: masticatory behavior as a neuroprotective strategy against age-related cognitive decline.","authors":"Micaele Maria Lopes Castro, Fabio Leite do Amaral, Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes, Daniel Clive Anthony, Dora Maria Tuna de Oliveira Brites, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz, Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00358-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00358-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrocytes undergo phenotypic changes with aging, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairments in later life. The temporoammonic (TA) pathway terminates at the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) of the CA1 region, where astrocytic support is crucial for synaptic plasticity and information processing related to spatial learning and memory. This study tested the hypothesis that age-related morphological changes in astrocytes of the SLM affect cognitive performance and we explored whether masticatory activity modulates these changes. Young (6 months) and aged (18 months) female Swiss albino mice were subjected to three distinct masticatory regimens: a hard diet (HD), HD followed by a soft diet (HD/SD), or HD followed by SD and a return to HD (HD/SD/HD). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), with learning rates calculated from escape latencies throughout five days of trials. After behavioral testing, the mice were culled and immunohistochemical analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was performed. 3D reconstructions of astrocytes within the SLM were generated and analyzed. Hierarchical clustering identified distinct astrocyte morphotypes, revealing a significant age-related shift from high-complexity astrocytes (AST1) toward lower-complexity subtypes (AST2 and AST3). In the AST1 phenotype, aging did not significantly alter astrocytic complexity in animals maintained under normal masticatory conditions (HD group) in the dorsal region, then, AST1 may represent a more stable and aging-driven astrocytic phenotype, with limited sensitivity to masticatory modulation during advanced aging. Therefore, in AST2 of HD group, aged animals exhibited greater complexity compared to young animals, suggesting the occurrence of adaptive or compensatory astroglial remodeling during physiological aging. Behavioral analysis showed an age-dependent reduction in learning performance in the HD group, where 18 M mice exhibited a significantly lower contrast index than 6 M old mice on day 4 of the Morris Water Maze task. These findings highlight that morphological changes in astrocytes within the dorsal SLM may contribute to age-related alterations in hippocampus-dependent learning. Overall, maintaining proper mastication may be an effective approach to maintain astrocytic integrity during aging and preserve hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, particularly in older individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13700188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149261210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral cortical network disruptions in the rat caudal forelimb area after unilateral stroke.","authors":"Cheng'an Cao, Di Chen, Jin Gong, Shuangqi Gao, Jianwei Huang, Chaoran Jia, Hongyu Liu, Yuanqing Li, Ying Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00355-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00355-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate how ischemic stroke alters neural activity in the caudal forelimb area (CFA) and identify electrophysiological mechanisms underlying post-stroke motor deficits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Local field potentials were recorded bilaterally from ipsilateral and contralateral CFA in rats under anesthesia and during a single-pellet retrieval task. Analyses included spectral power across canonical frequency bands, aperiodic 1/f slope characterization of excitation-inhibition balance, and cross-frequency coupling assessment of interhemispheric coordination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stroke induced widespread bilateral disruptions in oscillatory dynamics across delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands. The aperiodic 1/f slope shifted, reflecting altered excitation-inhibition balance. Cross-frequency coupling between hemispheres, particularly low-frequency phase to gamma amplitude, was reorganized, indicating impaired interhemispheric coordination and bilateral motor network imbalance. Notably, the main experimental cohort did not include a sham-operated control group; however, a pilot experiment with three sham and three MCAO animals, conducted using identical procedures, provided supportive evidence for the stability of key measures under sham conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that ischemic stroke induces coordinated alterations in spectral organization, excitation-inhibition balance, and cross-frequency interactions within the bilateral caudal forelimb cortex. These findings indicate that post-stroke motor dysfunction arises from disrupted, state-dependent dynamics of distributed motor networks rather than isolated changes within the lesioned hemisphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13721534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149294384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral parietal tRNS improves processing speed on the paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT): behavioral and ERP evidence.","authors":"Jiahong Cui, Hongjun Chen, Xiaoshuang Wang, Fengyu Cong","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00357-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00357-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive control is essential for goal-directed behavior and is often impaired in neurological conditions. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) has shown potential for cognitive enhancement, but its electrophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined whether bilateral parietal tRNS modulates paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) performance (reaction time and accuracy) and event-related potential (ERP) indices of cognitive control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover study, 40 healthy adults received active high-frequency tRNS (100-640 Hz, 2 mA, 20 min) or sham stimulation over bilateral posterior parietal regions. PASAT performance (reaction time, accuracy) and EEG were recorded pre- and post-stimulation. ERP analyses focused on N200, P300, and late slow wave (LSW).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Active tRNS significantly reduced reaction times compared to sham, with no stimulation-specific effect on accuracy. Neurophysiologically, active tRNS reduced frontal N200 negativity and increased frontal P300 amplitude. Additionally, reductions in reaction time were significantly associated with increases in frontal P300 amplitude.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that a single session of bilateral parietal tRNS reduced response latency and was associated with changes in frontal ERP markers during a demanding cognitive task. These results provide preliminary electrophysiological evidence that parietal tRNS may influence task-related neural activity expressed at frontal sites, with ERPs serving as potential markers of stimulation-related changes in performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context-dependent reconfiguration of functional connectivity in posterior (VWFA-1) and anterior (VWFA-2) visual word form area under attentional and linguistic demands.","authors":"Joonwoo Kim, Solbin Lee, Jeahong Kim, Kichun Nam","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00356-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00356-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The visual word form area (VWFA) has been proposed to function as a multiplex hub integrating both attentional and linguistic processing, yet how its functionally distinct subregions dynamically reconfigure their network connectivity across cognitive contexts remains unclear. This study examined resting-state and task-evoked functional connectivity of two VWFA subregions-posterior VWFA-1 and anterior VWFA-2-with predefined attention and language network regions of interest in 20 healthy adults performing a visuospatial flanker task and a Korean lexical decision task. We hypothesized that the posterior-to-anterior anatomical gradient corresponds to an attention-to-language functional role differentiation, observable both in intrinsic connectivity and in task-dependent reconfiguration. At rest, the VWFA exhibited a posterior-to-anterior intrinsic gradient, with VWFA-1 preferentially coupled to the attention network and VWFA-2 to language regions. Across both tasks, task context differentially shifted attention-network connectivity between VWFA-1 and VWFA-2, broadly following the intrinsic gradient. The alignment was only partial, however, as during lexical decision it was the posterior VWFA-1 rather than the anterior VWFA-2 that increased its coupling with the language network. Behaviorally, attention connectivity predicted accuracy across tasks from both subregions equivalently rather than from the gradient itself, suggesting a shared attention-based mechanism rather than gradient-specific contributions. Together, these findings provide preliminary support for the view that intrinsic VWFA organization shapes task-specific routing of attention network interactions, while behavioral performance converges on a shared attention-based mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptual decision-making in the sound-induced flash illusion: a trial-level hierarchical Bayesian integration of EEG and behavior.","authors":"Haoping Yang, Dong Ding, Haibo Qin, Haofei Miao, Chao Wang, Yue Zang, Lizhong Chi, Bin Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12993-026-00344-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-026-00344-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study used the sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) paradigm to investigate how sensory congruency, audiovisual rhythm configurations, and momentary neural states jointly shape perceptual decisions by integrating trial-level EEG and behavioral data within a hierarchical Bayesian regression framework. Thirty healthy adults performed six beep-flash conditions (B0F1, B0F2, B1F1, B1F2, B2F1, and B2F2), encompassing two visual-only baseline conditions, two audiovisually congruent conditions, and two incongruent audiovisual illusion conditions, while response accuracy and reaction time (RT) were recorded together with prestimulus occipital α-band power, auditory and visual N1 amplitudes, and the centro-parietal positivity (CPP) indexing evidence accumulation. We first characterized condition effects and EEG-behavior relationships using repeated-measures ANOVAs and correlations, and then jointly modeled accuracy (Bernoulli likelihood with logit link; effects reported as odds ratios) and RT (Student-t likelihood on logRT; effects interpreted as percentage change in median RT) using trial-level hierarchical Bayesian regression, with model generalizability assessed via Pareto-smoothed importance sampling leave-one-out (PSIS-LOO) cross-validation. Behaviorally, unimodal and congruent conditions yielded faster and more accurate responses, whereas incongruent conditions-particularly the \"2 beep-1 flash\" configuration-produced elevated illusion rates and markedly prolonged RTs, highlighting the role of causal structure and signal reliability in cross-modal weighting. Neurally, higher trial-level prestimulus α power was reliably associated with reduced odds of a correct response, consistent with lower cortical excitability and a more conservative decision criterion; larger auditory N1 amplitudes predicted faster responses; and CPP slope closely tracked RT in descriptive analyses, consistent with its interpretation as an accumulation-to-bound signal. Model comparisons indicated that experimental conditions accounted for most of the behavioral variance, whereas EEG covariates added limited and non-robust incremental out-of-sample predictive value under the present linear additive specification. Nevertheless, prestimulus α showed a stable negative association with accuracy, and auditory N1 showed a weaker association with response speed, indicating that these neural measures remain theoretically informative even though they did not materially improve overall model generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}