Behavioral and Brain Functions最新文献

{"title":"Associations of serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphisms and monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphisms with oppositional defiant disorder in a Chinese Han population.","authors":"Chang-Hong Wang,&nbsp;Qiu-Fen Ning,&nbsp;Cong Liu,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Lv,&nbsp;En-Zhao Cong,&nbsp;Jing-Yang Gu,&nbsp;Ying-Li Zhang,&nbsp;Hui-Yao Nie,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Xiang-Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Lin-Yan Su","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0147-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0147-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a behavioral disorder that mainly refers to a recurrent pattern of disobedient, defiant, negativistic and hostile behaviors toward authority figures. Previous studies have showed associations of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) with behavioral and psychiatric disorders. The purposes of this study were to investigate the potential association of 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and MAOA gene polymorphism with susceptibility to ODD in a Han Chinese school population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and the MAOA gene polymorphism were genotyped in a case-control study of 257 Han Chinese children (123 ODD and 134 healthy controls).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was significant difference in the allele distribution of 5-HTTLPR (χ² = 7.849, P = 0.005) between the ODD and control groups. Further, there were significant differences in genotype (χ² = 5.168, P = 0.023) and allele distributions (χ² = 10.336, P = 0.001) of the MAOA gene polymorphism that is variable-number tandem repeat (MAOA-uVNTR) between two groups. Moreover, there were significant differences in genotype (χ² = 4.624, P = 0.032) and allele distributions (χ² = 9.248, P = 0.002) of MAOA-uVNTR only in the male ODD and healthy groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that 5-HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTR gene variants may contribute to susceptibility to ODD. Further, MAOA-uVNTR gene polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to ODD only in male children.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0147-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36413148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory and exploratory behavior impairment in ovariectomized Wistar rats.","authors":"Sefirin Djiogue,&nbsp;Armando Blondel Djiyou Djeuda,&nbsp;Paul Faustin Seke Etet,&nbsp;Germain Jean Magloire Ketcha Wanda,&nbsp;Rudig Nikanor Djikem Tadah,&nbsp;Dieudonne Njamen","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0146-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0146-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estrogen deficiency is linked to changes in several physiological processes, but the extent to which it associates with cognitive changes in menopause context is controversial.</p><p><strong>Rationale: </strong>We evaluated the impact of ovariectomy on memory processes and normal exploratory behavior in Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Young adult rats (4-6 months) were either ovariectomized (OVX group) (N = 10), sham operated (N = 10), or untouched (naïve controls) (N = 8). Afterwards, they were monitored for 12 weeks during which their cognitive functions were evaluated at first week (S1), second (S2), every 3 weeks (S5, S8) and then at week 12 (S12) using: (i) object recognition test to evaluate the short-term and long-term non-spatial memory; (ii) the object placement test to assess the spatial memory; and (iii) normal exploratory behavior components like locomotor and vertical activities in an open field arena.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Marked changes in ovariectomized rats were observed in long-term non-spatial memory (~ 40% change vs. naïve and sham, P < 0.001) and spatial memory (~ 30% change, P < 0.05) from S2. Instead, from S5 the exploratory behavior was affected, with decreases in line crossing and rearing episode numbers (~ 40% change, P < 0.01), and in the time spent in the center of open field arena (~ 60% change, P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the involvement of sex hormones in cognitive functions in female rats and suggest that controversy on the importance of cognitive affections in menopause context may emerge from differences between short-term and long-term memory processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0146-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36317020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential responses of stressful elements to predatory exposure in behavior-lateralized mice.","authors":"Jiacai Yang,&nbsp;Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Jian-Ping Dai,&nbsp;Jun Zeng,&nbsp;Xiao-Xuan Chen,&nbsp;Ze-Feng Xie,&nbsp;Kang-Sheng Li,&nbsp;Yun Su","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0144-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0144-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Predatory stress as a psychological stressor can elicit the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is involved in the dialogue of the neuroimmunoendocrine network. The brain has been proven to regulate the activity of the HPA axis by way of lateralization. In the present study, we probed the pivotal elements of the HPA circuitry including CRH, GR and a multifunctional cytokine in behavior-lateralized mice to determine their changes when the animals were subjected to predator exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Behavior-lateralized mice were classified into left-pawed and right-pawed mice through a paw-preference test. Thereafter, mice in the acute stress group received a single 60-min cat exposure, and mice in the chronic group received daily 60-min cat exposure for 14 consecutive days. The plasma CS and TNF-α were determined by ELISA, the hypothalamic CRH mRNA and hippocampal GR mRNA were detected by real-time PCR, and the hippocampal GR protein was detected by western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the levels of plasma CS were significantly elevated after chronic predatory exposure in both right-pawed and left-pawed mice; the right-pawed mice exhibited a higher plasma CS level than the left-pawed mice. Similarly, the acute or chronic cat exposure could induce the release of plasma TNF-α, and the left-pawed mice tended to show a higher level after the acute stress. Chronic stress significantly upregulated the expression of hypothalamic CRH mRNA in both left-pawed and right-pawed mice. Normally, the left-pawed mice exhibited a higher GR expression in the hippocampus than the right-pawed mice. After the cat exposure, the expression of GR in both left-pawed and right-pawed mice was revealed to be greatly downregulated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that predatory stress can invoke a differential response of stressful elements in behavior-lateralized mice. Some of these responses shaped by behavioral lateralization might be helpful for facilitating adaption to various stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0144-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36207335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing ADHD symptoms in children and adults: evaluating the role of objective measures.","authors":"Theresa S Emser,&nbsp;Blair A Johnston,&nbsp;J Douglas Steele,&nbsp;Sandra Kooij,&nbsp;Lisa Thorell,&nbsp;Hanna Christiansen","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0143-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0143-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnostic guidelines recommend using a variety of methods to assess and diagnose ADHD. Applying subjective measures always incorporates risks such as informant biases or large differences between ratings obtained from diverse sources. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that ratings and tests seem to assess somewhat different constructs. The use of objective measures might thus yield valuable information for diagnosing ADHD. This study aims at evaluating the role of objective measures when trying to distinguish between individuals with ADHD and controls. Our sample consisted of children (n = 60) and adults (n = 76) diagnosed with ADHD and matched controls who completed self- and observer ratings as well as objective tasks. Diagnosis was primarily based on clinical interviews. A popular pattern recognition approach, support vector machines, was used to predict the diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed relatively high accuracy of 79% (adults) and 78% (children) applying solely objective measures. Predicting an ADHD diagnosis using both subjective and objective measures exceeded the accuracy of objective measures for both adults (89.5%) and children (86.7%), with the subjective variables proving to be the most relevant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We argue that objective measures are more robust against rater bias and errors inherent in subjective measures and may be more replicable. Considering the high accuracy of objective measures only, we found in our study, we think that they should be incorporated in diagnostic procedures for assessing ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0143-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36111397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in associations between maternal deprivation and alterations in hippocampal calcium-binding proteins and cognitive functions in rats.","authors":"Hongyu Xu,&nbsp;Yuqin Ye,&nbsp;Yelu Hao,&nbsp;Fei Shi,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Yan,&nbsp;Guohao Yuan,&nbsp;Yuefan Yang,&nbsp;Zhou Fei,&nbsp;Xiaosheng He","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0142-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0142-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Adverse early-life experiences have been suggested as one of the key contributors to neurodevelopmental disorders, such that these experiences influence brain development, cognitive ability and mental health. Previous studies indicated that hippocampal levels of the calcium-binding proteins calretinin (CALR) and calbindin-D28k (CALB) changed in response to maternal deprivation (MD), a model for adverse early-life experiences. We investigated the effects of MD on hippocampal CALR and CALB protein levels and cognitive behaviors, and explored whether these effects were sex-related.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From postnatal day 2 (PND-2) to PND-14, rat pups in the MD group were separated from their mothers for 3 h/day for comparison with pups raised normally (control). To determine hippocampal CALR and CALB levels, fluorescent immunostaining of hippocampal sections and Western blot analysis of hippocampal tissues were employed at various timepoints (PND-21, -25, -30, -35 and -40). Behavioral and cognitive changes were determined by open field test (PND-21) and Morris water maze (PND-25).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Western blot analysis showed changes in the hippocampal CALR and CALB levels in both male and female MD groups, compared with controls. The open field test showed reduced exploration only in male MD groups but not female MD groups. The Morris water maze tests indicated that MD caused spatial memory impairment both in male and female rats, but there was a sex difference in CALR and CALB levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Male rats are relatively more vulnerable to MD stress than female rats, but both male and female rats demonstrate spatial learning impairment after exposure to MD stress. Sex difference in CALR and CALB levels may reveal the different mechanisms behind the behavioral observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0142-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36097265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of interference resolution in the multi-source interference task: a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies.","authors":"Yuqin Deng,&nbsp;Xiaochun Wang,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Chenglin Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0140-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0140-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interference resolution refers to cognitive control processes enabling one to focus on task-related information while filtering out unrelated information. But the exact neural areas, which underlie a specific cognitive task on interference resolution, are still equivocal. The multi-source interference task (MSIT), as a particular cognitive task, is a well-established experimental paradigm used to evaluate interference resolution. Studies combining the MSIT with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have shown that the MSIT evokes the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and cingulate-frontal-parietal cognitive-attentional networks. However, these brain areas have not been evaluated quantitatively and these findings have not been replicated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current study, we firstly report a voxel-based meta-analysis of functional brain activation associated with the MSIT so as to identify the localization of interference resolution in such a specific cognitive task. Articles on MSIT-related fMRI published between 2003 and July 2017 were eligible. The electronic databases searched included PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar. Differential BOLD activation patterns between the incongruent and congruent condition were meta-analyzed in anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Robustness meta-analysis indicated that two significant activation clusters were shown to have reliable functional activity in comparisons between incongruent and congruent conditions. The first reliable activation cluster, which included the dACC, medial prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, replicated the previous MSIT-related fMRI study results. Furthermore, we found another reliable activation cluster comprising areas of the right insula, right inferior frontal gyrus, and right lenticular nucleus-putamen, which were not typically discussed in previous MSIT-related fMRI studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current meta-analysis study presents the reliable brain activation patterns on MSIT. These findings suggest that the cingulate-frontal-striatum network and right insula may allow control demands to resolve interference on MSIT. These results provide new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying interference resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0140-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35995472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of basolateral amygdala, ventral hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex regulates the consolidation and extinction of social fear.","authors":"Chu-Chu Qi,&nbsp;Qing-Jun Wang,&nbsp;Xue-Zhu Ma,&nbsp;Hai-Chao Chen,&nbsp;Li-Ping Gao,&nbsp;Jie Yin,&nbsp;Yu-Hong Jing","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0139-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0139-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following a social defeat, the balanced establishment and extinction of aversive information is a beneficial strategy for individual survival. Abnormal establishment or extinction is implicated in the development of mental disorders. This study investigated the time course of the establishment and extinction of aversive information from acute social defeat and the temporal responsiveness of the basolateral amygdala (BLA), ventral hippocampus (vHIP) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in this process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mouse models of acute social defeat were established by using the resident-intruder paradigm. To evaluate the engram of social defeat, the intruder mice were placed into the novel context at designated time to test the social behavior. Furthermore, responses of BLA, vHIP and mPFC were investigated by analyzing the expression of immediate early genes, such as zif268, arc, and c-fos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed after an aggressive attack, aversive memory was maintained for approximately 7 days before gradually diminishing. The establishment and maintenance of aversive stimulation were consistently accompanied by BLA activity. By contrast, vHIP and mPFC response was inhibited from this process. Additionally, injecting muscimol (Mus), a GABA receptor agonist, into the BLA alleviated the freezing behavior and social fear and avoidance. Simultaneously, Mus treatment decreased the zif268 and arc expression in BLA, but it increased their expression in vHIP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data support and extend earlier findings that implicate BLA, vHIP and mPFC in social defeat. The time courses of the establishment and extinction of social defeat are particularly consistent with the contrasting BLA and vHIP responses involved in this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0139-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35928751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left centro-parieto-temporal response to tool-gesture incongruity: an ERP study.","authors":"Yi-Tzu Chang,&nbsp;Hsiang-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Yuan-Chieh Huang,&nbsp;Wan-Yu Shih,&nbsp;Hsiao-Lung Chan,&nbsp;Ping-Yi Wu,&nbsp;Ling-Fu Meng,&nbsp;Chen-Chi Chen,&nbsp;Ching-I Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0138-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0138-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Action semantics have been investigated in relation to context violation but remain less examined in relation to the meaning of gestures. In the present study, we examined tool-gesture incongruity by event-related potentials (ERPs) and hypothesized that the component N400, a neural index which has been widely used in both linguistic and action semantic congruence, is significant for conditions of incongruence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty participants performed a tool-gesture judgment task, in which they were asked to judge whether the tool-gesture pairs were correct or incorrect, for the purpose of conveying functional expression of the tools. Online electroencephalograms and behavioral performances (the accuracy rate and reaction time) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ERP analysis showed a left centro-parieto-temporal N300 effect (220-360 ms) for the correct condition. However, the expected N400 (400-550 ms) could not be differentiated between correct/incorrect conditions. After 700 ms, a prominent late negative complex for the correct condition was also found in the left centro-parieto-temporal area.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The neurophysiological findings indicated that the left centro-parieto-temporal area is the predominant region contributing to neural processing for tool-gesture incongruity in right-handers. The temporal dynamics of tool-gesture incongruity are: (1) firstly enhanced for recognizable tool-gesture using patterns, (2) and require a secondary reanalysis for further examination of the highly complicated visual structures of gestures and tools. The evidence from the tool-gesture incongruity indicated altered brain activities attributable to the N400 in relation to lexical and action semantics. The online interaction between gesture and tool processing provided minimal context violation or anticipation effect, which may explain the missing N400.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0138-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35909472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neural correlates of mental arithmetic in adolescents: a longitudinal fNIRS study.","authors":"Christina Artemenko, Mojtaba Soltanlou, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Thomas Dresler","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0137-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-018-0137-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arithmetic processing in adults is known to rely on a frontal-parietal network. However, neurocognitive research focusing on the neural and behavioral correlates of arithmetic development has been scarce, even though the acquisition of arithmetic skills is accompanied by changes within the fronto-parietal network of the developing brain. Furthermore, experimental procedures are typically adjusted to constraints of functional magnetic resonance imaging, which may not reflect natural settings in which children and adolescents actually perform arithmetic. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal neurocognitive development of processes involved in performing the four basic arithmetic operations in 19 adolescents. By using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we were able to use an ecologically valid task, i.e., a written production paradigm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A common pattern of activation in the bilateral fronto-parietal network for arithmetic processing was found for all basic arithmetic operations. Moreover, evidence was obtained for decreasing activation during subtraction over the course of 1 year in middle and inferior frontal gyri, and increased activation during addition and multiplication in angular and middle temporal gyri. In the self-paced block design, parietal activation in multiplication and left angular and temporal activation in addition were observed to be higher for simple than for complex blocks, reflecting an inverse effect of arithmetic complexity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, the findings suggest that the brain network for arithmetic processing is already established in 12-14 year-old adolescents, but still undergoes developmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0137-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35901257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Mercury exposure, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disruptions may affect learning in children.","authors":"Renee Dufault,&nbsp;Roseanne Schnoll,&nbsp;Walter J Lukiw,&nbsp;Blaise LeBlanc,&nbsp;Charles Cornett,&nbsp;Lyn Patrick,&nbsp;David Wallinga,&nbsp;Steven G Gilbert,&nbsp;Raquel Crider","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0136-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0136-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The original version of this article [1] unfortunately contained an error which has since been acknowledged in this Correction article. The URL link in the Reference 19 was broken and it needs to be replaced with the active link given below.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0136-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35807812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}