Behavioral and Brain Functions最新文献

{"title":"Exposure to violence is associated with decreased neural connectivity in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory, networks after accounting for socioeconomic status: a preliminary study.","authors":"Samantha R Mattheiss,&nbsp;Hillary Levinson,&nbsp;Miriam Rosenberg-Lee,&nbsp;William W Graves","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00201-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00201-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has demonstrated behavioral and neural differences associated with experiencing adversity. However, adversity is unlikely to be a monolithic construct, and we expect that examining effects of more specific components such as exposure to violence in the home community will yield more concretely interpretable results. Here we account for effects of low socioeconomic status (SES) to examine the specific effects of exposure to violence on functional connectivity between brain areas known to be related to emotion regulation and working memory. Decreased resting state functional connectivity for individuals exposed to high compared to low levels of violence during childhood was predicted for two sets of areas: (1) bilateral amygdala with anterior medial regions involved in cognitive control of emotion, and (2) the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) with frontal and parietal regions implicated in working memory. Consistent with our predictions, increasing exposure to violence was related to decreased resting state functional connectivity between the right amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, even after accounting for SES. Also after accounting for SES, exposure to violence was related to reductions in connectivity between the right dlPFC and frontal regions, but not with parietal regions typically associated with working memory. Overall, this pattern suggests increased exposure to violence in childhood is associated with reduced connectivity among key areas of the circuitry involved in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory. These results offer insight into the neural underpinnings of behavioral outcomes associated with exposure to violence, laying the foundation for ultimately designing interventions to address the effects of such exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"18 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9743673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10417029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's inhibition skills are associated with their P3a latency-results from an exploratory study.","authors":"Tanja Linnavalli,&nbsp;Outi Lahti,&nbsp;Minna Törmänen,&nbsp;Mari Tervaniemi,&nbsp;Benjamin Ultan Cowley","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00202-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00202-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The P3a response is thought to reflect involuntary orienting to an unexpected stimulus and has been connected with set-shifting and inhibition in some studies. In our exploratory study, we investigated if the amplitude and the latency of the P3a response were associated with the performance in a modified flanker task measuring inhibition and set-shifting in 10-year-old children (N = 42). Children participated in electroencephalography (EEG) measurement with an auditory multifeature paradigm including standard, deviating, and novel sounds. In addition, they performed a separate flanker task requiring inhibition and set-shifting skills.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The P3a latencies for deviant sounds were associated with the reaction time reflecting inhibition: the shorter the response latencies were, the faster the reaction time was. The P3a latencies for novel sounds were not linked to the reaction times reflecting either inhibition or set-shifting. In addition, the magnitude of the P3a response was not associated with the performance in the flanker task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that P3a response latency and reaction speed reflecting inhibitory skills are based on shared neural mechanism. Thus, the present study brings new insight to the field investigating the associations between behavior and its neural indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"18 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9714064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10389183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A family-based study of genetic and epigenetic effects across multiple neurocognitive, motor, social-cognitive and social-behavioral functions.","authors":"Ron Nudel,&nbsp;Richard Zetterberg,&nbsp;Nicoline Hemager,&nbsp;Camilla A J Christiani,&nbsp;Jessica Ohland,&nbsp;Birgitte K Burton,&nbsp;Aja N Greve,&nbsp;Katrine S Spang,&nbsp;Ditte Ellersgaard,&nbsp;Ditte L Gantriis,&nbsp;Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm,&nbsp;Kerstin J Plessen,&nbsp;Jens Richardt M Jepsen,&nbsp;Anne A E Thorup,&nbsp;Thomas Werge,&nbsp;Ole Mors,&nbsp;Merete Nordentoft","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00198-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00198-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are known to be heritable, but studies trying to elucidate the genetic architecture of such traits often lag behind studies of somatic traits and diseases. The reasons as to why relatively few genome-wide significant associations have been reported for such traits have to do with the sample sizes needed for the detection of small effects, the difficulty in defining and characterizing the phenotypes, partially due to overlaps in affected underlying domains (which is especially true for cognitive phenotypes), and the complex genetic architectures of the phenotypes, which are not wholly captured in traditional case-control GWAS designs. We aimed to tackle the last two issues by performing GWASs of eight quantitative neurocognitive, motor, social-cognitive and social-behavioral traits, which may be considered endophenotypes for a variety of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions, and for which we employed models capturing both general genetic association and parent-of-origin effects, in a family-based sample comprising 402 children and their parents (mostly family trios). We identified 48 genome-wide significant associations across several traits, of which 3 also survived our strict study-wide quality criteria. We additionally performed a functional annotation of implicated genes, as most of the 48 associations were with variants within protein-coding genes. In total, our study highlighted associations with five genes (TGM3, CACNB4, ANKS1B, CSMD1 and SYNE1) associated with measures of working memory, processing speed and social behavior. Our results thus identify novel associations, including previously unreported parent-of-origin associations with relevant genes, and our top results illustrate new potential gene → endophenotype → disorder pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"18 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9714039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10389187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Area Prostriata may play a role in technical reasoning.","authors":"Giovanni Federico,&nbsp;Carlo Cavaliere,&nbsp;Emanuelle Reynaud,&nbsp;Marco Salvatore,&nbsp;Maria Antonella Brandimonte,&nbsp;François Osiurak","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00200-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00200-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most recent research indicated how technical reasoning (TR), namely, a specific form of causal reasoning aimed at understanding the physical world, may support the development of tools and technologies of increasing complexity. We have recently identified the Area PF of the left inferior parietal lobe (PF) as a critical structural correlate of TR, as assessed by using two ad-hoc psycho-technical tests evaluating the two main aspects of TR, i.e., physical world's understanding and visuospatial imagery. Here, we extended our findings by implementing new ad-hoc analyses of our previous data by using a whole-brain approach. Results showed that the cortical thickness (CT) of the left Area Prostriata of the visual cortex, alongside the left Area PF CT, predicts TR performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"18 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9700981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10332560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations between family cohesion and adolescent-parent's neural synchrony in response to emotional stimulations.","authors":"Xinmei Deng,&nbsp;Mingping Lin,&nbsp;Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Li,&nbsp;Qiufeng Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00197-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00197-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interaction between parent and adolescent is more challenging than in other age periods. Family cohesion seriously impacts parent-adolescent emotional interactions. However, the underlying neural mechanism has not been fully examined. This study examined the differences in the neural synchrony in response to emotional film clips between high and low family cohesion adolescent-parent dyads by using the electroencephalograph (EEG) hyperscanning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Simultaneously electroencephalograph (EEG) was recorded while 15 low family cohesion parent-adolescent dyads (LFCs)and 14 high family cohesion parent-adolescent dyads (HFCs)received different emotional induction when viewing film clips. Interbrain phase-locking-value (PLV) in gamma band was used to calculate parent-adolescent dyads' interbrain synchrony. Results showed that higher gamma interbrain synchrony was observed in the HFCs than the LFCs in the positive conditions. However, there was no significant difference between the HFCs and LFCs in other conditions. Also, the HFCs had significantly higher gamma interbrain synchrony in the positive conditions than in the negative conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Interbrain synchrony may represent an underlying neural mechanism of the parent-adolescent emotional bonding, which is the core of family cohesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":" ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9516805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40377807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing allocation of visual attention with emotional cues presented in two sensory modalities.","authors":"Ulrike Zimmer,&nbsp;Mike Wendt,&nbsp;Marlene Pacharra","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00195-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00195-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Responses to a visual target stimulus in an exogenous spatial cueing paradigm are usually faster if cue and target occur in the same rather than in different locations (i.e., valid vs. invalid), although perceptual conditions for cue and target processing are otherwise equivalent. This cueing validity effect can be increased by adding emotional (task-unrelated) content to the cue. In contrast, adding a secondary non-emotional sensory modality to the cue (bimodal), has not consistently yielded increased cueing effects in previous studies. Here, we examined the interplay of bimodally presented cue content (i.e., emotional vs. neutral), by using combined visual-auditory cues. Specifically, the current ERP-study investigated whether bimodal presentation of fear-related content amplifies deployment of spatial attention to the cued location.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A behavioral cueing validity effect occurred selectively in trials in which both aspects of the cue (i.e., face and voice) were related to fear. Likewise, the posterior contra-ipsilateral P1-activity in valid trials was significantly larger when both cues were fear-related than in all other cue conditions. Although the P3a component appeared uniformly increased in invalidly cued trials, regardless of cue content, a positive LPC deflection, starting about 450 ms after target onset, was, again, maximal for the validity contrast in trials associated with bimodal presentation of fear-related cues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Simultaneous presentation of fear-related stimulus information in the visual and auditory modality appears to increase sustained visual attention (impairing disengagement of attention from the cued location) and to affect relatively late stages of target processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":" ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9494825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33471014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended functional connectivity of convergent structural alterations among individuals with PTSD: a neuroimaging meta-analysis.","authors":"Brianna S Pankey,&nbsp;Michael C Riedel,&nbsp;Isis Cowan,&nbsp;Jessica E Bartley,&nbsp;Rosario Pintos Lobo,&nbsp;Lauren D Hill-Bowen,&nbsp;Taylor Salo,&nbsp;Erica D Musser,&nbsp;Matthew T Sutherland,&nbsp;Angela R Laird","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00196-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00196-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder defined by the onset of intrusive, avoidant, negative cognitive or affective, and/or hyperarousal symptoms after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. Previous voxel-based morphometry studies have provided insight into structural brain alterations associated with PTSD with notable heterogeneity across these studies. Furthermore, how structural alterations may be associated with brain function, as measured by task-free and task-based functional connectivity, remains to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using emergent meta-analytic techniques, we sought to first identify a consensus of structural alterations in PTSD using the anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. Next, we generated functional profiles of identified convergent structural regions utilizing resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and meta-analytic co-activation modeling (MACM) methods. Finally, we performed functional decoding to examine mental functions associated with our ALE, rsFC, and MACM brain characterizations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed convergent structural alterations in a single region located in the medial prefrontal cortex. The resultant rsFC and MACM maps identified functional connectivity across a widespread, whole-brain network that included frontoparietal and limbic regions. Functional decoding revealed overlapping associations with attention, memory, and emotion processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consensus-based functional connectivity was observed in regions of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks, which play a role in the tripartite model of psychopathology. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms associated with PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":" ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9472396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33465939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the administration of Elovl5-dependent fatty acids on a spino-cerebellar ataxia 38 mouse model.","authors":"Ilaria Balbo,&nbsp;Francesca Montarolo,&nbsp;Federica Genovese,&nbsp;Filippo Tempia,&nbsp;Eriola Hoxha","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00194-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00194-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia 38 (SCA38) is a rare autosomal neurological disorder characterized by ataxia and cerebellar atrophy. SCA38 is caused by mutations of ELOVL5 gene. ELOVL5 gene encodes a protein, which elongates long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Knockout mice lacking Elovl5 recapitulate SCA38 symptoms, including motor coordination impairment and disruption of cerebellar architecture. We asked whether, in Elovl5 knockout mice (Elovl5^-/-), a diet with both ω3 and ω6 PUFAs downstream Elovl5 can prevent the development of SCA38 symptoms, and at which age such treatment is more effective. Elovl5^-/- mice were fed either with a diet without or containing PUFAs downstream the Elovl5 enzyme, starting at different ages. Motor behavior was assessed by the balance beam test and cerebellar structure by morphometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The administration from birth of the diet containing PUFAs downstream Elovl5 led to a significant amelioration of the motor performance in the beam test of Elovl5^-/- mice, with a reduction of foot slip errors at 6 months from 2.2 ± 0.3 to 1.3 ± 0.2 and at 8 months from 3.1 ± 0.5 to 1.9 ± 0.3. On the contrary, administration at 1 month of age or later had no effect on the motor impairment. The cerebellar Purkinje cell layer and the white matter area of Elovl5^{-/ -}mice were not rescued even by the administration of diet from birth, suggesting that the improvement of motor performance in the beam test was due to a functional recovery of the cerebellar circuitry.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that the dietary intervention in SCA38, whenever possible, should be started from birth or as early as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":" ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9357323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40590006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting DCX, COMT and FMR1 in social behavior and cognitive impairment.","authors":"Anna Delprato, Emily Xiao, Devika Manoj","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00191-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-022-00191-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic variants of DCX, COMT and FMR1 have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders related to intellectual disability and social behavior. In this systematic review we examine the roles of the DCX, COMT and FMR1 genes in the context of hippocampal neurogenesis with respect to these disorders with the aim of identifying important hubs and signaling pathways that may bridge these conditions. Taken together our findings indicate that factors connecting DCX, COMT, and FMR1 in intellectual disability and social behavior may converge at Wnt signaling, neuron migration, and axon and dendrite morphogenesis. Data derived from genomic research has identified a multitude of genes that are linked to brain disorders and developmental differences. Information about where and how these genes function and cooperate is lagging behind. The approach used here may help to shed light on the biological underpinnings in which key genes interface and may prove useful for the testing of specific hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"18 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9121553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65734908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The shifting role of the cerebellum in executive, emotional and social processing across the lifespan","authors":"P. Beuriat, Irene Cristofori, B. Gordon, J. Grafman","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00193-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00193-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65734917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}