Behavioral and Brain Functions最新文献

{"title":"Forced exercise activates the NrF2 pathway in the striatum and ameliorates motor and behavioral manifestations of Parkinson's disease in rotenone-treated rats.","authors":"Dina M Monir, Motamed E Mahmoud, Omyma G Ahmed, Ibrahim F Rehan, Amany Abdelrahman","doi":"10.1186/s12993-020-00171-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-020-00171-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons leading to dopamine depletion and problems of movement, emotions, and cognition. While the pathogenesis of PD is not clear, damage of dopaminergic neurons by oxygen-derived free radicals is considered an important contributing mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the role of treadmill exercise in male Wister rats as a single treatment and as an aid-therapy with L-dopa for rotenone-induced PD. To study the role of the Nrf2- ARE pathway as a mechanism involved in exercise-associated improvement in rotenone-induced PD in rats.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Animals were divided into 5 groups, (Control, rotenone, rotenoneexercise, rotenoneL-dopa, and rotenoneexerciseL-dopa (combination)groups). After the PD induction, rats in the rotenoneexercise and combination groups were daily treadmill exercised for 4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treadmill exercise significantly improved behavioral and motor aspects of rotenone-induced PD. When treadmill exercise was introduced as a single intervention, it amended most behavioral aspects of PD, gait fully corrected, short-term memory, and motor coordination. Where L-dopa corrected locomotor activity and motor coordination but failed to improve short-term memory and only partially corrected the gait of rotenone-treated rats. When treadmill exercise was combined with L-dopa, all features of PD were corrected. It was found that exercise upregulated some of its associative genes to Nrf2 pathways such as TFAM, Nrf2 and NQO.1 mRNA expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that forced exercise improved parkinsonian like features by activating the Nrf2 pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"16 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-020-00171-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38575169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and Brain Functions at 15.","authors":"Wim E Crusio","doi":"10.1186/s12993-020-00170-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-020-00170-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"16 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-020-00170-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38524313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Curcuma zedoaria hydro-alcoholic extract on learning, memory deficits and oxidative damage of brain tissue following seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in rat.","authors":"Touran Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Zahra Lorigooini,&nbsp;Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei,&nbsp;Mehran Arabi,&nbsp;Zahra Rabiei,&nbsp;Elham Bijad,&nbsp;Sedigheh Kazemi","doi":"10.1186/s12993-020-00169-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-020-00169-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have shown that seizures can cause cognitive disorders. On the other hand, the Curcuma zedoaria (CZ) has beneficial effects on the nervous system. However, there is little information on the possible effects of the CZ extract on seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of CZ extract on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress induced by epilepsy in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were randomly divided into different groups. In all rats (except the sham group), kindling was performed by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) at a dose of 35 mg/kg every 48 h for 14 days. Positive group received 2 mg/kg diazepam + PTZ; treatment groups received 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg CZ extract + PTZ; and one group received 0.5 mg/kg flumazenil and CZ extract + PTZ. Shuttle box and Morris Water Maze tests were used to measure memory and learning. On the last day of treatments PTZ injection was at dose of 60 mg/kg, tonic seizure threshold and mortality rate were recorded in each group. After deep anesthesia, blood was drawn from the rats' hearts and the hippocampus of all rats was removed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis of the data showed that the CZ extract significantly increased the tonic seizure threshold and reduced the pentylenetetrazol-induced mortality and the extract dose of 400 mg/kg was selected as the most effective dose compared to the other doses. It was also found that flumazenil (a GABA_A receptor antagonist) reduced the tonic seizure threshold compared to the effective dose of the extract. The results of shuttle box and Morris water maze behavioral tests showed that memory and learning decreased in the negative control group and the CZ extract treatment improved memory and learning in rats. The CZ extract also increased antioxidant capacity, decreased MDA and NO in the brain and serum of pre-treated groups in compared to the negative control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that the CZ extract has beneficial effects on learning and memory impairment in PTZ-induced epilepsy model, which has been associated with antioxidant effects in the brain or possibly exerts its effects through the GABAergic system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"16 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-020-00169-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38463679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excitability, synaptic balance, and addiction: The homeostatic dynamics of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors in VTA after cocaine exposure.","authors":"Thiago C Moulin, Helgi B Schiöth","doi":"10.1186/s12993-020-00168-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-020-00168-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutamatergic AMPA and NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are central for cocaine first exposure and posterior craving maintenance. However, the exact rules that coordinate the synaptic dynamics of these receptors in dopaminergic VTA neurons and behavioral outcomes are poorly understood. Additionally, synaptic homeostatic plasticity is present in response to chronic excitability changes in neuronal circuits, adjusting the strength of synapses to stabilize the firing rate. Despite having correspondent mechanisms, little is known about the relationship between continuous cocaine exposure and homeostatic synaptic changes in the VTA neurons. Here, we assess the role of homeostatic mechanisms in the neurobiology of cocaine addiction by providing a brief overview of the parallels between cocaine-induced synaptic potentiation and long-term synaptic adaptations, focusing on the regulation of GluA1- and GluN1- containing receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"16 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7288406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38035132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal depression is associated with altered functional connectivity between neural circuits related to visual, auditory, and cognitive processing during stories listening in preschoolers.","authors":"Rola Farah, Paige Greenwood, Johnathan Dudley, John Hutton, Robert T Ammerman, Kieran Phelan, Scott Holland, Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus","doi":"10.1186/s12993-020-00167-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-020-00167-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal depression can influence the early activity of a mother reading stories to a young child, as depressed mothers are less likely to read to their children. Here, maternal depression association to neurobiological circuitry of narrative comprehension, visualization, and executive functions during stories listening was examined in 21 4-year-old girls and their mothers. Maternal depression scores were collected from the mothers, and functional MRI during stories listening was collected from the children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased maternal depression was related to decreased functional connectivity between visualization and auditory regions and increased connectivity between the right visual cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the need to monitor maternal depression and provide interventions to ensure positive linguistic outcomes in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"16 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37877088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naringin provides neuroprotection in CCL2-induced cognition impairment by attenuating neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus.","authors":"Jiang-Yi Long,&nbsp;Jian-Min Chen,&nbsp;Yuan-Jun Liao,&nbsp;Yi-Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Bing-Yu Liang,&nbsp;Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12993-020-00166-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-020-00166-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) is one of the most widely recognised proinflammatory chemokines in cognitive disorders. Currently, CCL2-targeting drugs are extremely limited. Thus, this study aimed to explore the neuroprotection afforded by naringin in CCL2-induced cognitive impairment in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Before the CCL2 intra-hippocampal injection, rats were treated with naringin for 3 consecutive days via intraperitoneal injection. Two days post-surgery, the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NORT) tests were performed to detect spatial learning and memory and object cognition, respectively. Nissl staining and dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining were performed to assess histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Commercial kits were used to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the relative mRNA expression of interleukin 1β, (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG), cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 8 (caspase-8), cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 3 (caspase-3), cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the MWM, the average escape latency and average swimming distance were significantly reduced and the crossing times were increased in the naringin-treated groups, compared with the CCL2 group. The NORT results revealed that, compared with the CCL2 rats, the discrimination index in the naringin-treated rats increased significantly. Nissl and TUNEL staining revealed that naringin protected the structure and survival of the neurons in the CA1 zone of the hippocampus. In the naringin-treated groups, the SOD and GSH-Px activities were increased, whereas the MDA levels were decreased. Furthermore, in the naringin-treated groups, the relative mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was significantly decreased; GLAST and GLT-1 mRNA expression levels were increased, whereas PAG was decreased. In the naringin-treated groups, the relative mRNA expression levels of caspase-8, caspase-3, and Bax were decreased, whereas that of Bcl-2 was increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, these data indicated that naringin alleviated the CCL2-induced cognitive impairment. The underlying mechanisms could be associated with the inhibition of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the regulation of glutamate metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"16 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-020-00166-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37680832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial video games and cognitive functions: video game genres and modulating factors of cognitive enhancement.","authors":"Eunhye Choi,&nbsp;Suk-Ho Shin,&nbsp;Jeh-Kwang Ryu,&nbsp;Kyu-In Jung,&nbsp;Shin-Young Kim,&nbsp;Min-Hyeon Park","doi":"10.1186/s12993-020-0165-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-020-0165-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unlike the emphasis on negative results of video games such as the impulsive engagement in video games, cognitive training studies in individuals with cognitive deficits showed that characteristics of video game elements were helpful to train cognitive functions. Thus, this study aimed to have a more balanced view toward the video game playing by reviewing genres of commercial video games and the association of video games with cognitive functions and modulating factors. Literatures were searched with search terms (e.g. genres of video games, cognitive training) on database and Google scholar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>video games, of which purpose is players' entertainment, were found to be positively associated with cognitive functions (e.g. attention, problem solving skills) despite some discrepancy between studies. However, the enhancement of cognitive functions through video gaming was limited to the task or performance requiring the same cognitive functions. Moreover, as several factors (e.g. age, gender) were identified to modulate cognitive enhancement, the individual difference in the association between video game playing and cognitive function was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Commercial video games are suggested to have the potential for cognitive function enhancement. As understanding the association between video gaming and cognitive function in a more balanced view is essential to evaluate the potential outcomes of commercial video games that more people reported to engage, this review contributes to provide more objective evidence for commercial video gaming.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"16 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-020-0165-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37606465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in cognitive disorders in a murine model of neuropathic pain.","authors":"Soonmi Won,&nbsp;Keebum Park,&nbsp;Hyoungsub Lim,&nbsp;Sung Joong Lee","doi":"10.1186/s12993-019-0164-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-019-0164-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A sex-difference in susceptibility to chronic pain is well-known. Although recent studies have begun to reveal the sex-dependent mechanisms of nerve injury-induced pain sensitization, sex differences in the affective and cognitive brain dysfunctions associated with chronic pain have not been investigated. Therefore, we tested whether chronic pain leads to affective and cognitive disorders in a mouse neuropathic pain model and whether those disorders are sexually dimorphic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chronic neuropathic pain was induced in male and female mice by L5 spinal nerve transection (SNT) injury. Pain sensitivity was measured with the von Frey test. Affective behaviors such as depression and anxiety were assessed by the forced swim, tail suspension, and open field tests. Cognitive brain function was assessed with the Morris water maze and the novel object location and novel object recognition tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mechanical allodynia was induced and maintained for up to 8 weeks after SNT in both male and female mice. Depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors were observed 8 weeks post-SNT injury regardless of sex. Chronic pain-induced cognitive deficits measured with the Morris water maze and novel object location test were seen only in male mice, not in female mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic neuropathic pain is accompanied by anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in a mouse model regardless of sex, and male mice are more vulnerable than female mice to chronic pain-associated cognitive deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"16 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-019-0164-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37511556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic injury in female Drosophila melanogaster affects the development and induces behavioral abnormalities in the offspring","authors":"V. Chauhan, A. Chauhan","doi":"10.1186/s12993-019-0163-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-019-0163-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74575218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Course | School of Brain Cells & Circuits “Camillo Golgi”: From cell physiology to integrated signals and emerging brain functions","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/978-2-88945-584-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-584-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84693245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}