Behavioral and Brain Functions最新文献

{"title":"Paternal preconception donepezil exposure enhances learning in offspring.","authors":"Guangyuan Fan, Tao Pan, Xingyu Ji, Changyou Jiang, Feifei Wang, Xing Liu, Lan Ma, Qiumin Le","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00252-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00252-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent research has indicated that parental use of central nervous system-targeting medications during periconceptional periods may affect offspring across various developmental and behavioral domains. The present study sought to investigate the potential influence of paternal use of donepezil, a specific reversible central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that activates the cholinergic system to promote cognition, on offspring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, male rats were bred after 21 days of oral donepezil administration at a dose of 4 mg/kg to generate F1 offspring. Both male and female F₁ offspring displayed enhanced performance in learning and short-term memory tests, including novel object recognition, Y maze, and operant learning. Transcriptomic analysis revealed notable alterations in genes associated with the extracellular matrix in the hippocampal tissue of the F1 generation. Integration with genes related to intelligence identified potential core genes that may be involved in the observed behavioral enhancements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that prolonged paternal exposure to donepezil may enhance the learning and memory abilities of offspring, possibly by targeting nonneural, extracellular regions. Further research is required to fully elucidate any potential transgenerational effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing sociability using the Three-Chamber Social Interaction Test and the Reciprocal Interaction Test in a genetic mouse model of ASD.","authors":"Jakub Szabó, Emese Renczés, Veronika Borbélyová, Daniela Ostatníková, Peter Celec","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00251-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00251-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with heterogeneous symptomatology. Arguably, the most pervasive shortfall of ASD are the deficits in sociability and the animal models of the disorder are expected to exhibit such impairments. The most widely utilized behavioral task for assessing sociability in rodents is the Three-Chamber Social Interaction Test (SIT). However, SIT has been yielding inconsistent results in social interaction behavior across different rodent models of ASD, which could be pointing to the suboptimal methodology of the task. Here, we compared social behavior assessed in SIT and in another prominent sociability behavioral assay, Reciprocal Interaction Test (RCI), in a SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeated domains 3 (SHANK3) mouse model of ASD. Head-to-head comparison showed no association (p = 0.15, 0.25, 0.43) and a fixed bias (p = 0.01, < 0.001, < 0.001) in sociability assessment between the behavioral assays in both wild-type (WT) controls and Shank3B^(-/-) mice. Adult Shank3B^(-/-) mice of both sexes displayed normative sociability in SIT when compared to the WT controls (p = 0.74) but exhibited less than half of social interaction (p < 0.001) and almost three times more social disinterest (p < 0.001) when compared to WT mice in RCI. At least in the Shank3B^(-/-) mouse model of ASD, we presume RCI could be a preferable way of assessing social interaction compared to SIT. Considering the variability of animal models of ASD and the wide palette of tools available for the assessment of their behavior, a consensus approach would be needed for observational and interventional analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The vmPFC-IPL functional connectivity as the neural basis of future self-continuity impacted procrastination: the mediating role of anticipated positive outcomes","authors":"Xiaotian Zhao, Rong Zhang, Tingyong Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00249-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00249-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Correction to: Behavioral and Brain Functions (2024) 20:11&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00236-z&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following publication of the original article [1], the author noticed an error in Results section. The correlation results for the influence of age on various variables were incorrectly provided. This error has occurred during the transcription of result which has been corrected with this correction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Results section under the heading “Behavioral results”, the sentence should read, “The findings indicated that age was not significantly correlated with any variables (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FSC&lt;/sub&gt;=.087, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .360; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PA&lt;/sub&gt;=-.117, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .215; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PE&lt;/sub&gt;=-.123, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .193; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PO&lt;/sub&gt;=.078, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .409; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NE&lt;/sub&gt;=.132, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .162; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt;=.153, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .105)” instead of “The findings indicated that age was not significantly correlated with any variables (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FSC&lt;/sub&gt;=0.051, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.590; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PA&lt;/sub&gt;=0.017, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.856; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PE&lt;/sub&gt; = − 0.017, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.854; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PO&lt;/sub&gt; =0.036, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.700; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NE&lt;/sub&gt; =0.034, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.718; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt;=0.039, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.682)”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\" data-track-context=\"references section\"&gt;&lt;li data-counter=\"1.\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zhao X, Zhang R, Feng T. The vmPFC-IPL functional connectivity as the neural basis of future self-continuity impacted procrastination: the mediating role of anticipated positive outcomes. Behav Brain Funct. 2024;20:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00236-z.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;Download references&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Authors and Affiliations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tian Sheng RD., Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Xiaotian Zhao, Rong Zhang &amp; Tingyong Feng&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tingyong Feng&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span&gt;Authors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Xiaotian Zhao&lt;/span&gt;View author publications&lt;p&gt;You can also search for this author in &lt;span&gt;PubMed&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Rong Zhang&lt;/span&gt;View author publications&lt;p&gt;You can also search for this author in &lt;span&gt;PubMed&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Tingyong Feng&lt;/span&gt;View author publications&lt;p&gt;You can also search for this author in &lt;span&gt;PubMed&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Corresponding author&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Correspondence to Tingyong Feng.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Publisher’s note&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The online version of the original article can be ","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRS-assessed brain GABA modulation in response to task performance and learning.","authors":"Hong Li, Geraldine Rodríguez-Nieto, Sima Chalavi, Caroline Seer, Mark Mikkelsen, Richard A E Edden, Stephan P Swinnen","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00248-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00248-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain, has long been considered essential in human behavior in general and learning in particular. GABA concentration can be quantified using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using this technique, numerous studies have reported associations between baseline GABA levels and various human behaviors. However, regional GABA concentration is not fixed and may exhibit rapid modulation as a function of environmental factors. Hence, quantification of GABA levels at several time points during the performance of tasks can provide insights into the dynamics of GABA levels in distinct brain regions. This review reports on findings from studies using repeated measures (n = 41) examining the dynamic modulation of GABA levels in humans in response to various interventions in the perceptual, motor, and cognitive domains to explore associations between GABA modulation and human behavior. GABA levels in a specific brain area may increase or decrease during task performance or as a function of learning, depending on its precise involvement in the process under investigation. Here, we summarize the available evidence and derive two overarching hypotheses regarding the role of GABA modulation in performance and learning. Firstly, training-induced increases in GABA levels appear to be associated with an improved ability to differentiate minor perceptual differences during perceptual learning. This observation gives rise to the 'GABA increase for better neural distinctiveness hypothesis'. Secondly, converging evidence suggests that reducing GABA levels may play a beneficial role in effectively filtering perceptual noise, enhancing motor learning, and improving performance in visuomotor tasks. Additionally, some studies suggest that the reduction of GABA levels is related to better working memory and successful reinforcement learning. These observations inspire the 'GABA decrease to boost learning hypothesis', which states that decreasing neural inhibition through a reduction of GABA in dedicated brain areas facilitates human learning. Additionally, modulation of GABA levels is also observed after short-term physical exercise. Future work should elucidate which specific circumstances induce robust GABA modulation to enhance neuroplasticity and boost performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and emotional alterations in mice lacking the short dystrophin-gene product, Dp71.","authors":"Rubén Miranda, Léa Ceschi, Delphine Le Verger, Flora Nagapin, Jean-Marc Edeline, Rémi Chaussenot, Cyrille Vaillend","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00246-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00246-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD, BMD) are neuromuscular disorders commonly associated with diverse cognitive and behavioral comorbidities. Genotype-phenotype studies suggest that severity and risk of central defects in DMD patients increase with cumulative loss of different dystrophins produced in CNS from independent promoters of the DMD gene. Mutations affecting all dystrophins are nevertheless rare and therefore the clinical evidence on the contribution of the shortest Dp71 isoform to cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions is limited. In this study, we evaluated social, emotional and locomotor functions, and fear-related learning in the Dp71-null mouse model specifically lacking this short dystrophin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate the presence of abnormal social behavior and ultrasonic vocalization in Dp71-null mice, accompanied by slight changes in exploratory activity and anxiety-related behaviors, in the absence of myopathy and alterations of learning and memory of aversive cue-outcome associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results support the hypothesis that distal DMD gene mutations affecting Dp71 may contribute to the emergence of social and emotional problems that may relate to the autistic traits and executive dysfunctions reported in DMD. The present alterations in Dp71-null mice may possibly add to the subtle social behavior problems previously associated with the loss of the Dp427 dystrophin, in line with the current hypothesis that risk and severity of behavioral problems in patients increase with cumulative loss of several brain dystrophin isoforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11344925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of repeated unihemispheric concurrent dual-site tDCS and virtual reality games on motor coordination of sedentary adolescent girls.","authors":"Nasrin Shahbazi, Ali Heirani, Ehsan Amiri, Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00247-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00247-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the effects of repetitive unihemispheric concurrent dual-site anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS_UHCDS) associated with the use of virtual reality games (VR) on the motor coordination of sedentary adolescent girls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six inactive adolescent girls were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 12 per group): (1) VR + a-tDCS_UHCDS, (2) VR + sham-tDCS_UHCDS, and (3) Control. The VR + a-tDCS_UHCDS and VR + s-tDCS_UHCDS groups received the intervention three times a week for four weeks. In each experimental session, participants first received either 20 min of a-tDCS_UHCDS (2 mA at each anodal electrode) targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or sham and then performed VR for 1 h. The control group received no intervention. Eye-hand coordination (EHC) and bimanual coordination (BC) were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and two weeks later (retention test) using the automatic scoring mirror tracer and continuous two-arm coordination test, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the EHC was significantly higher in the VR + a-tDCS and VR + s-tDCS groups at post-intervention (all ps< 0.001) and the retention test (all ps< 0.001) compared to the control group. Moreover, the EHC was significantly higher in the VR + a-tDCS group compared to the VR + s-tDCS group (p = 0.024) at the retention. Similarly, VR + a-tDCS and VR + s-tDCS improved BC compared to the control group at post-intervention (all ps< 0.001) and retention test (all ps< 0.001). In addition, higher BC was observed in the VR + a-tDCS group compared to the VR + s-tDCS group (p< 0.001) at the retention test.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that adding a-tDCS_UHCDS to VR over 12 sessions may have an additional effect on VR training for improving and retaining motor coordination in sedentary adolescent girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of caffeine intake on pupillary parameters in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Elias Vincent Hartmann, Carolin Franziska Reichert, Manuel Spitschan","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00245-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00245-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caffeine is a widely used drug that broadly affects human cognition and brain function. Caffeine acts as an antagonist to the adenosine receptors in the brain. Previous anecdotal reports have also linked caffeine intake with changes in pupil diameter. By modifying the retinal irradiance, pupil diameter modulates all ocular light exposure relevant for visual (i.e., perception, detection and discrimination of visual stimuli) and non-visual (i.e., circadian) functions. To date, the extent of the influence of caffeine on pupillary outcomes, including pupil diameter, has not been examined in a systematic review. We implemented a systematic review laid out in a pre-registered protocol following PRISMA-P guidelines. We only included original research articles written in English reporting studies with human participants, in which caffeine was administered, and pupil diameter was measured using objective methods. Using broad search strategies, we consulted various databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv and medRxiv) and used the Covidence platform to screen, review and extract data from studies. After importing studies identified through database search (n = 517 imported, n = 46 duplicates), we screened the title and abstracts (n = 471), finding 14 studies meeting our eligibility criteria. After full-text review, we excluded seven studies, leaving only a very modest number of included studies (n = 7). Extraction of information revealed that the existing literature on the effect of caffeine on pupil parameters is very heterogeneous, differing in pupil assessment methods, time of day of caffeine administration, dose, and protocol timing and design. The evidence available in the literature does not provide consistent results but studies rated as valid by quality assessment suggest a small effect of caffeine on pupil parameters. We summarize the numeric results as both differences in absolute pupil diameter and in terms of effect sizes. More studies are needed using modern pupil assessment methods, robust study design, and caffeine dose-response methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11299374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleus accumbens ghrelin signaling controls anxiety-like behavioral response to acute stress.","authors":"Leilei Chang, Yecheng He, Tian Tian, Bin Li","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00244-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00244-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders. Ghrelin is a critical orexigenic brain-gut peptide that regulates food intake and metabolism. Recently, the ghrelin system has attracted more attention for its crucial roles in psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. However, the underlying neural mechanisms involved have not been fully investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, the effect and underlying mechanism of ghrelin signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core on anxiety-like behaviors were examined in normal and acute stress rats, by using immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, neuropharmacology, molecular manipulation and behavioral tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reported that injection of ghrelin into the NAc core caused significant anxiolytic effects. Ghrelin receptor growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is highly localized and expressed in the NAc core neurons. Antagonism of GHSR blocked the ghrelin-induced anxiolytic effects. Moreover, molecular knockdown of GHSR induced anxiogenic effects. Furthermore, injection of ghrelin or overexpression of GHSR in the NAc core reduced acute restraint stress-induced anxiogenic effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that ghrelin and its receptor GHSR in the NAc core are actively involved in modulating anxiety induced by acute stress, and raises an opportunity to treat anxiety disorders by targeting ghrelin signaling system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11225390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of musicianship in left-handers.","authors":"Esteban Villar-Rodríguez, Lidón Marin-Marin, César Avila, Maria Antònia Parcet","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00243-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00243-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Left-handedness is a condition that reverses the typical left cerebral dominance of motor control to an atypical right dominance. The impact of this distinct control - and its associated neuroanatomical peculiarities - on other cognitive functions such as music processing or playing a musical instrument remains unexplored. Previous studies in right-handed population have linked musicianship to a larger volume in the (right) auditory cortex and a larger volume in the (right) arcuate fasciculus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, we reveal that left-handed musicians (n = 55), in comparison to left-handed non-musicians (n = 75), exhibit a larger gray matter volume in both the left and right Heschl's gyrus, critical for auditory processing. They also present a higher number of streamlines across the anterior segment of the right arcuate fasciculus. Importantly, atypical hemispheric lateralization of speech (notably prevalent among left-handers) was associated to a rightward asymmetry of the AF, in contrast to the leftward asymmetry exhibited by the typically lateralized.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that left-handed musicians share similar neuroanatomical characteristics with their right-handed counterparts. However, atypical lateralization of speech might potentiate the right audiomotor pathway, which has been associated with musicianship and better musical skills. This may help explain why musicians are more prevalent among left-handers and shed light on their cognitive advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11214256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in neural activation in the ventral frontoparietal network during complex magnocellular stimuli in developmental dyslexia associated with READ1 deletion.","authors":"Sara Mascheretti, Filippo Arrigoni, Alessio Toraldo, Alice Giubergia, Chiara Andreola, Martina Villa, Valentina Lampis, Roberto Giorda, Marco Villa, Denis Peruzzo","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00241-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00241-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An intronic deletion within intron 2 of the DCDC2 gene encompassing the entire READ1 (hereafter, READ1d) has been associated in both children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and typical readers (TRs), with interindividual variation in reading performance and motion perception as well as with structural and functional brain alterations. Visual motion perception -- specifically processed by the magnocellular (M) stream -- has been reported to be a solid and reliable endophenotype of DD. Hence, we predicted that READ1d should affect neural activations in brain regions sensitive to M stream demands as reading proficiency changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated neural activations during two M-eliciting fMRI visual tasks (full-field sinusoidal gratings controlled for spatial and temporal frequencies and luminance contrast, and sensitivity to motion coherence at 6%, 15% and 40% dot coherence levels) in four subject groups: children with DD with/without READ1d, and TRs with/without READ1d.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the Bonferroni-corrected level of significance, reading skills showed a significant effect in the right polar frontal cortex during the full-field sinusoidal gratings-M task. Regardless of the presence/absence of the READ1d, subjects with poor reading proficiency showed hyperactivation in this region of interest (ROI) compared to subjects with better reading scores. Moreover, a significant interaction was found between READ1d and reading performance in the left frontal opercular area 4 during the 15% coherent motion sensitivity task. Among subjects with poor reading performance, neural activation in this ROI during this specific task was higher for subjects without READ1d than for READ1d carriers. The difference vanished as reading skills increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings showed a READ1d-moderated genetic vulnerability to alterations in neural activation in the ventral attentive and salient networks during the processing of relevant stimuli in subjects with poor reading proficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}