Behavioral and Brain Functions最新文献

{"title":"Cofilin linked to GluN2B subunits of NMDA receptors is required for behavioral sensitization by changing the dendritic spines of neurons in the caudate and putamen after repeated nicotine exposure.","authors":"Sunghyun Kim, Sumin Sohn, Eun Sang Choe","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00253-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00253-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotine dependence is associated with glutamatergic neurotransmission in the caudate and putamen (CPu) of the forebrain which includes alterations in the structure of dendritic spines at glutamate synapses. These changes after nicotine exposure can lead to the development of habitual behaviors such as smoking. The present study investigated the hypothesis that cofilin, an actin-binding protein that is linked to the GluN2B subunits of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors regulates the morphology of dendritic spines in the neurons of the CPu after repeated exposure to nicotine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adult male rats received subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0.3 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for seven consecutive days. DiI staining was conducted to observe changes in dendritic spine morphology. Repeated subcutaneous injections of nicotine decreased the phosphorylation of cofilin while increasing the formation of thin spines and filopodia in the dendrites of medium spiny neurons (MSN) in the CPu of rats. Bilateral intra-CPu infusion of the cofilin inhibitor, cytochalasin D (12.5 µg/µL/side), restored the thin spines and filopodia from mushroom types after repeated exposure to nicotine. Similar results were obtained from the bilateral intra-CPu infusion of the selective GluN2B subunit antagonist, Ro 25-6981 (4 µM/µL/side). Bilateral intra-CPu infusion of cytochalasin D that interferes with the actin-cofilin interaction attenuated the repeated nicotine-induced increase in locomotor sensitization in rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that active cofilin alters the structure of spine heads from mushroom to thin spine/filopodia by potentiating actin turnover, contributing to behavioral sensitization after nicotine exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effect of atorvastatin and risperidone on modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/NOX-2 in a rat model of valproic acid-induced autism.","authors":"Eman A E Farrag, Mona H Askar, Zienab Abdallah, Safinaz M Mahmoud, Eman A Abdulhai, Eman Abdelrazik, Eman Mohamad El Nashar, Faten Mohammed Alasiri, Asma Nasser Saeed Alqahtani, Mamdouh Eldesoqui, Ali M Eldib, Alshimaa Magdy","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00250-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00250-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that is significantly increasing, resulting in severe distress. The approved treatment for ASD only partially improves the sympoms, but it does not entirely reverse the symptoms. Developing novel disease-modifying drugs is essential for the continuous improvement of ASD. Because of its pleiotropic effect, atorvastatin has been garnered attention for treating neuronal degeneration. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of atorvastatin in autism and compare it with an approved autism drug (risperidone) through the impact of these drugs on TLR4/NF-κB/NOX-2 and the apoptotic pathway in a valproic acid (VPA) induced rat model of autism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On gestational day 12.5, pregnant rats received a single IP injection of VPA (500 mg/kg), for VPA induced autism, risperidone and atorvastatin groups, or saline for control normal group. At postnatal day 21, male offsprings were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): control, VPA induced autism, risperidone, and atorvastatin. Risperidone and atorvastatin were administered from postnatal day 21 to day 51. The study evaluated autism-like behaviors using the three-chamber test, the dark light test, and the open field test at the end of the study. Biochemical analysis of TLR4, NF-κB, NOX-2, and ROS using ELISA, RT-PCR, WB, histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical study of CAS-3 were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male offspring of prenatal VPA-exposed female rats exhibited significant autism-like behaviors and elevated TLR4, NF-κB, NOX-2, ROS, and caspase-3 expression. Histological analysis revealed structural alterations. Both risperidone and atorvastatin effectively mitigated the behavioral, biochemical, and structural changes associated with VPA-induced rat model of autism. Notably, atorvastatin group showed a more significant improvement than risperidone group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research results unequivocally demonstrated that atorvastatin can modulate VPA-induced autism by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis through TLR4/NF-κB/NOX-2 signaling pathway. Atorvastatin could be a potential treatment for ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paternal preconception donepezil exposure enhances learning in offspring.","authors":"Guangyuan Fan, Tao Pan, Xingyu Ji, Changyou Jiang, Feifei Wang, Xing Liu, Lan Ma, Qiumin Le","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00252-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00252-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent research has indicated that parental use of central nervous system-targeting medications during periconceptional periods may affect offspring across various developmental and behavioral domains. The present study sought to investigate the potential influence of paternal use of donepezil, a specific reversible central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that activates the cholinergic system to promote cognition, on offspring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, male rats were bred after 21 days of oral donepezil administration at a dose of 4 mg/kg to generate F1 offspring. Both male and female F₁ offspring displayed enhanced performance in learning and short-term memory tests, including novel object recognition, Y maze, and operant learning. Transcriptomic analysis revealed notable alterations in genes associated with the extracellular matrix in the hippocampal tissue of the F1 generation. Integration with genes related to intelligence identified potential core genes that may be involved in the observed behavioral enhancements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that prolonged paternal exposure to donepezil may enhance the learning and memory abilities of offspring, possibly by targeting nonneural, extracellular regions. Further research is required to fully elucidate any potential transgenerational effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing sociability using the Three-Chamber Social Interaction Test and the Reciprocal Interaction Test in a genetic mouse model of ASD.","authors":"Jakub Szabó, Emese Renczés, Veronika Borbélyová, Daniela Ostatníková, Peter Celec","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00251-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00251-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with heterogeneous symptomatology. Arguably, the most pervasive shortfall of ASD are the deficits in sociability and the animal models of the disorder are expected to exhibit such impairments. The most widely utilized behavioral task for assessing sociability in rodents is the Three-Chamber Social Interaction Test (SIT). However, SIT has been yielding inconsistent results in social interaction behavior across different rodent models of ASD, which could be pointing to the suboptimal methodology of the task. Here, we compared social behavior assessed in SIT and in another prominent sociability behavioral assay, Reciprocal Interaction Test (RCI), in a SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeated domains 3 (SHANK3) mouse model of ASD. Head-to-head comparison showed no association (p = 0.15, 0.25, 0.43) and a fixed bias (p = 0.01, < 0.001, < 0.001) in sociability assessment between the behavioral assays in both wild-type (WT) controls and Shank3B^(-/-) mice. Adult Shank3B^(-/-) mice of both sexes displayed normative sociability in SIT when compared to the WT controls (p = 0.74) but exhibited less than half of social interaction (p < 0.001) and almost three times more social disinterest (p < 0.001) when compared to WT mice in RCI. At least in the Shank3B^(-/-) mouse model of ASD, we presume RCI could be a preferable way of assessing social interaction compared to SIT. Considering the variability of animal models of ASD and the wide palette of tools available for the assessment of their behavior, a consensus approach would be needed for observational and interventional analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The vmPFC-IPL functional connectivity as the neural basis of future self-continuity impacted procrastination: the mediating role of anticipated positive outcomes","authors":"Xiaotian Zhao, Rong Zhang, Tingyong Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00249-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00249-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Correction to: Behavioral and Brain Functions (2024) 20:11&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00236-z&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following publication of the original article [1], the author noticed an error in Results section. The correlation results for the influence of age on various variables were incorrectly provided. This error has occurred during the transcription of result which has been corrected with this correction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Results section under the heading “Behavioral results”, the sentence should read, “The findings indicated that age was not significantly correlated with any variables (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FSC&lt;/sub&gt;=.087, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .360; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PA&lt;/sub&gt;=-.117, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .215; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PE&lt;/sub&gt;=-.123, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .193; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PO&lt;/sub&gt;=.078, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .409; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NE&lt;/sub&gt;=.132, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .162; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt;=.153, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .105)” instead of “The findings indicated that age was not significantly correlated with any variables (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FSC&lt;/sub&gt;=0.051, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.590; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PA&lt;/sub&gt;=0.017, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.856; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PE&lt;/sub&gt; = − 0.017, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.854; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PO&lt;/sub&gt; =0.036, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.700; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NE&lt;/sub&gt; =0.034, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.718; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt;=0.039, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.682)”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\" data-track-context=\"references section\"&gt;&lt;li data-counter=\"1.\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zhao X, Zhang R, Feng T. The vmPFC-IPL functional connectivity as the neural basis of future self-continuity impacted procrastination: the mediating role of anticipated positive outcomes. Behav Brain Funct. 2024;20:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00236-z.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;Download references&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Authors and Affiliations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tian Sheng RD., Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Xiaotian Zhao, Rong Zhang &amp; Tingyong Feng&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tingyong Feng&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span&gt;Authors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Xiaotian Zhao&lt;/span&gt;View author publications&lt;p&gt;You can also search for this author in &lt;span&gt;PubMed&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Rong Zhang&lt;/span&gt;View author publications&lt;p&gt;You can also search for this author in &lt;span&gt;PubMed&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Tingyong Feng&lt;/span&gt;View author publications&lt;p&gt;You can also search for this author in &lt;span&gt;PubMed&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Corresponding author&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Correspondence to Tingyong Feng.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Publisher’s note&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The online version of the original article can be ","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRS-assessed brain GABA modulation in response to task performance and learning.","authors":"Hong Li, Geraldine Rodríguez-Nieto, Sima Chalavi, Caroline Seer, Mark Mikkelsen, Richard A E Edden, Stephan P Swinnen","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00248-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00248-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain, has long been considered essential in human behavior in general and learning in particular. GABA concentration can be quantified using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using this technique, numerous studies have reported associations between baseline GABA levels and various human behaviors. However, regional GABA concentration is not fixed and may exhibit rapid modulation as a function of environmental factors. Hence, quantification of GABA levels at several time points during the performance of tasks can provide insights into the dynamics of GABA levels in distinct brain regions. This review reports on findings from studies using repeated measures (n = 41) examining the dynamic modulation of GABA levels in humans in response to various interventions in the perceptual, motor, and cognitive domains to explore associations between GABA modulation and human behavior. GABA levels in a specific brain area may increase or decrease during task performance or as a function of learning, depending on its precise involvement in the process under investigation. Here, we summarize the available evidence and derive two overarching hypotheses regarding the role of GABA modulation in performance and learning. Firstly, training-induced increases in GABA levels appear to be associated with an improved ability to differentiate minor perceptual differences during perceptual learning. This observation gives rise to the 'GABA increase for better neural distinctiveness hypothesis'. Secondly, converging evidence suggests that reducing GABA levels may play a beneficial role in effectively filtering perceptual noise, enhancing motor learning, and improving performance in visuomotor tasks. Additionally, some studies suggest that the reduction of GABA levels is related to better working memory and successful reinforcement learning. These observations inspire the 'GABA decrease to boost learning hypothesis', which states that decreasing neural inhibition through a reduction of GABA in dedicated brain areas facilitates human learning. Additionally, modulation of GABA levels is also observed after short-term physical exercise. Future work should elucidate which specific circumstances induce robust GABA modulation to enhance neuroplasticity and boost performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and emotional alterations in mice lacking the short dystrophin-gene product, Dp71.","authors":"Rubén Miranda, Léa Ceschi, Delphine Le Verger, Flora Nagapin, Jean-Marc Edeline, Rémi Chaussenot, Cyrille Vaillend","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00246-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00246-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD, BMD) are neuromuscular disorders commonly associated with diverse cognitive and behavioral comorbidities. Genotype-phenotype studies suggest that severity and risk of central defects in DMD patients increase with cumulative loss of different dystrophins produced in CNS from independent promoters of the DMD gene. Mutations affecting all dystrophins are nevertheless rare and therefore the clinical evidence on the contribution of the shortest Dp71 isoform to cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions is limited. In this study, we evaluated social, emotional and locomotor functions, and fear-related learning in the Dp71-null mouse model specifically lacking this short dystrophin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate the presence of abnormal social behavior and ultrasonic vocalization in Dp71-null mice, accompanied by slight changes in exploratory activity and anxiety-related behaviors, in the absence of myopathy and alterations of learning and memory of aversive cue-outcome associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results support the hypothesis that distal DMD gene mutations affecting Dp71 may contribute to the emergence of social and emotional problems that may relate to the autistic traits and executive dysfunctions reported in DMD. The present alterations in Dp71-null mice may possibly add to the subtle social behavior problems previously associated with the loss of the Dp427 dystrophin, in line with the current hypothesis that risk and severity of behavioral problems in patients increase with cumulative loss of several brain dystrophin isoforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11344925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of repeated unihemispheric concurrent dual-site tDCS and virtual reality games on motor coordination of sedentary adolescent girls.","authors":"Nasrin Shahbazi, Ali Heirani, Ehsan Amiri, Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00247-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00247-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the effects of repetitive unihemispheric concurrent dual-site anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS_UHCDS) associated with the use of virtual reality games (VR) on the motor coordination of sedentary adolescent girls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six inactive adolescent girls were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 12 per group): (1) VR + a-tDCS_UHCDS, (2) VR + sham-tDCS_UHCDS, and (3) Control. The VR + a-tDCS_UHCDS and VR + s-tDCS_UHCDS groups received the intervention three times a week for four weeks. In each experimental session, participants first received either 20 min of a-tDCS_UHCDS (2 mA at each anodal electrode) targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or sham and then performed VR for 1 h. The control group received no intervention. Eye-hand coordination (EHC) and bimanual coordination (BC) were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and two weeks later (retention test) using the automatic scoring mirror tracer and continuous two-arm coordination test, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the EHC was significantly higher in the VR + a-tDCS and VR + s-tDCS groups at post-intervention (all ps< 0.001) and the retention test (all ps< 0.001) compared to the control group. Moreover, the EHC was significantly higher in the VR + a-tDCS group compared to the VR + s-tDCS group (p = 0.024) at the retention. Similarly, VR + a-tDCS and VR + s-tDCS improved BC compared to the control group at post-intervention (all ps< 0.001) and retention test (all ps< 0.001). In addition, higher BC was observed in the VR + a-tDCS group compared to the VR + s-tDCS group (p< 0.001) at the retention test.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that adding a-tDCS_UHCDS to VR over 12 sessions may have an additional effect on VR training for improving and retaining motor coordination in sedentary adolescent girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of caffeine intake on pupillary parameters in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Elias Vincent Hartmann, Carolin Franziska Reichert, Manuel Spitschan","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00245-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00245-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caffeine is a widely used drug that broadly affects human cognition and brain function. Caffeine acts as an antagonist to the adenosine receptors in the brain. Previous anecdotal reports have also linked caffeine intake with changes in pupil diameter. By modifying the retinal irradiance, pupil diameter modulates all ocular light exposure relevant for visual (i.e., perception, detection and discrimination of visual stimuli) and non-visual (i.e., circadian) functions. To date, the extent of the influence of caffeine on pupillary outcomes, including pupil diameter, has not been examined in a systematic review. We implemented a systematic review laid out in a pre-registered protocol following PRISMA-P guidelines. We only included original research articles written in English reporting studies with human participants, in which caffeine was administered, and pupil diameter was measured using objective methods. Using broad search strategies, we consulted various databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv and medRxiv) and used the Covidence platform to screen, review and extract data from studies. After importing studies identified through database search (n = 517 imported, n = 46 duplicates), we screened the title and abstracts (n = 471), finding 14 studies meeting our eligibility criteria. After full-text review, we excluded seven studies, leaving only a very modest number of included studies (n = 7). Extraction of information revealed that the existing literature on the effect of caffeine on pupil parameters is very heterogeneous, differing in pupil assessment methods, time of day of caffeine administration, dose, and protocol timing and design. The evidence available in the literature does not provide consistent results but studies rated as valid by quality assessment suggest a small effect of caffeine on pupil parameters. We summarize the numeric results as both differences in absolute pupil diameter and in terms of effect sizes. More studies are needed using modern pupil assessment methods, robust study design, and caffeine dose-response methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11299374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleus accumbens ghrelin signaling controls anxiety-like behavioral response to acute stress.","authors":"Leilei Chang, Yecheng He, Tian Tian, Bin Li","doi":"10.1186/s12993-024-00244-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-024-00244-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders. Ghrelin is a critical orexigenic brain-gut peptide that regulates food intake and metabolism. Recently, the ghrelin system has attracted more attention for its crucial roles in psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. However, the underlying neural mechanisms involved have not been fully investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, the effect and underlying mechanism of ghrelin signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core on anxiety-like behaviors were examined in normal and acute stress rats, by using immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, neuropharmacology, molecular manipulation and behavioral tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reported that injection of ghrelin into the NAc core caused significant anxiolytic effects. Ghrelin receptor growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is highly localized and expressed in the NAc core neurons. Antagonism of GHSR blocked the ghrelin-induced anxiolytic effects. Moreover, molecular knockdown of GHSR induced anxiogenic effects. Furthermore, injection of ghrelin or overexpression of GHSR in the NAc core reduced acute restraint stress-induced anxiogenic effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that ghrelin and its receptor GHSR in the NAc core are actively involved in modulating anxiety induced by acute stress, and raises an opportunity to treat anxiety disorders by targeting ghrelin signaling system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"20 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11225390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}